Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, IX: A Monograph

Biosystematic Studiesof Ceylonese Wasps, IX:

A Monograph of the Tiphiidae(Hymenoptera: Vespoidea)

KARL V. KROMBEIN

IW9\

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 374

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S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O Z O O L O G Y • N U M B E R 3 7 4



Karl V. Krombein

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1982

A B S T R A C T

Krombein, Karl V. Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, IX: A Mon-ograph of the Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea). Smithsonian Contributionsto Zoology, number 374, 121 pages, 64 figures, 1982.—Forty-six species arerecorded from Sri Lanka in the following subfamilies: Anthoboscinae withone species of Anthobosca Guerin; Tiphiinae with 30 species of Tiphia Fabricius;Myzininae with five species of Mesa Saussure and two of Hylomesa Krombein;Methochinae with three species of Methocha subgenus Methocha Latreille, fourspecies of Methocha subgenus Dryinopsis Brues, and one species of KarlissaKrombein. Thirty-seven species are known from both sexes, and nine fromonly one sex. Thirty-one species occur only in Sri Lanka, and 15 are foundalso in India or are more widely distributed in the Oriental Region. Specifichosts are unknown, but it is presumed that all taxa are parasitic on coleopter-ous larvae in the soil, in rotting wood, or in cavities in twigs or sound deadtimber.

The 33 new taxa are Anthobosca ceylonica, Tiphia leclercqi, T. kaszabi, T.sakagamii, T. knutsoni, T. hillyardi, T. bouceki, T. moczari, T. tsunekii, T. gurneyi, T.kurczewskii, T. bakeriana, T. weismani, T. pulawskii, T. wittmeri, T. wirthi, T.carvalhoi, T. vanlithi, T. hirashimai, T. dayi, T.fennahi, T. wahisi, T. sabroskyi, Mesakarunaratnei, M. flavipennis, Hylomesa anomala, Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, M.(M.) heveli, M. (M.) ubiquita, M. (Dryinopsis) taprobane, M. (D.) kandyensis, M.(D.) ceylonica, and M. (D.) anomala. The previously unknown female of Karlissais described. The following new synonyms are made: Tiphia devalae Allenunder T. tegulita Allen; T. conscia Nurse and T batorea Allen under T. decrescensWalker; and T. brevipennis Cameron, T. petri Turner, and T. crinita Robertsunder T. hirsuta Smith. Lectotypes are designated for Tiphia conscia Nurse, T.brevipennis Cameron, and Myzine petiolata Smith. The following new combina-tions are made: Myzine dimidiata Guerin, M. claripennis Bingham, and M.petiolata Smith are all transferred to Mesa Saussure.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recordedin the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Monlastreacavemosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataKrombein, Karl V.Biosystematic studies of Ceylonese wasps, IX.(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 374)Bibliography: p.Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:3741. Tiphiidae—Classification. 2. Insects—Classification. 3. Insects—Sri Lanka—Classifica-

tion. I. Title. II. Series.QL1.S54 [QL568.T5] no. 374 591s [595.79'8] 82-600154 AACR2

Contents

Page

Introduction 1Acknowledgments 2Systematics 2Distribution and Ecology 3Treatment of Individual Taxa 5

Family TIPHIIDAE 6Key to Subfamilies of Ceylonese Tiphiidae 6Subfamily ANTHOBOSCINAE 8

1. Anthobosca ceylonica, new species 8Subfamily TIPHIINAE 9

Key to Ceylonese Species of Tiphiinae 112. Tiphia coimbatorea Allen 203. Tiphia tegulita Allen 214. Tiphia oswini Turner 225. Tiphia leclercqi, new species 246. Tiphia kaszabi, new species 257. Tiphia sakagamii, new species 268. Tiphia knutsoni, new species 289. Tiphia hillyardi, new species 29

10. Tiphia bouceki, new species 3111. Tiphia moczari, new species 3312. Tiphia tsunekii, new species 3413. Tiphia gurneyi, new species 3514. Tiphia nilgirensis Allen 3715. Tiphia kurczewskii, new species 3816. Tiphia palmi Krombein 4017. Tiphia decrescens Walker 4218. Tiphia bakeriana, new species 4519. Tiphia weismani, new species 4520. Tiphia hirsuta Smith 4621. Tiphia pulawskii, new species 4922. Tiphia wittmeri, new species 5123. Tiphia wirthi, new species 5324. Tiphia carvalhoi, new species 5525. Tiphia consueta Smith 5726. Tiphia vanlithi, new species 5927. Tiphia hirashimai, new species 6128. Tiphia dayi, new species 6329. Tiphia fennahi, new species 6630. Tiphia wahisi, new species 6831. Tiphia sabroskyi, new species 69

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Subfamily MYZININAE 70Key to Ceylonese Species of Myzininae 7132. Mesa dimidiata (Guerin), new combination 7333. Mesa karunaratnei, new species 7434. Mesa flavipennis, new species 7635. Mesa claripennis (Bingham), new combination 7736. Mesa petiolata (Smith), new combination 7937. Hylomesa longiceps (Turner) 8138. Hylomesa anomala, new species 82

Subfamily METHOCHINAE 84

Key to Ceylonese Species of Methochinae 8639. Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species 9040. Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species 9141. Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new species 9242. Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new species 9543. Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new species 9744. Methocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new species 9845. Methocha (Dryinopsis) anomala, new species 99

Genus Karlissa Krombein 10146. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron) 101

Literature Cited 104Figures 106



Karl V. Krombein

Introduction

The Tiphiidae, with 46 known species, is oneof the largest families of Ceylonese aculeatewasps. Thirty-seven species are known from bothsexes, and nine from only one sex. In addition, itis probable that some species, especially of Ti-phiinae, still await discovery because three speciesof Tiphia are known only from uniques and threeothers from two to five specimens each. Tiphiidaeoccur from sea level to at least 2700 meters alti-tude and in both the Dry Zone and Wet Zonewith the average rainfall ranging from 860 to3900 millimeters.

Thirty-one species are known only from SriLanka, and 15 occur also in India or are morewidely distributed in the Oriental Region. I an-ticipate that thorough collecting in South Indiawill probably demonstrate that some of the 31species apparently endemic to Sri Lanka occuralso in that country.

So far as known, all Tiphiidae parasitize co-leopterous larvae. Members of most subfamiliesparasitize larvae of Scarabaeidae in the soil ordecaying wood, but Hylomesa of the Myzininae

Karl V. Krombein, Senior Scientist, Department of Entomology,National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wash-ington, D.C. 20560.

parasitizes larvae of Cerambycidae in burrows inwood, and all members of the Methochinae par-asitize larvae of Cicindelidae either in the soil orin cavities in twigs. Putative hosts are reportedfor the Ceylonese Methochinae in the discussionof that subfamily. Hylomesa longiceps (Turner) wasreared in India from a cerambycid larva in deadwood. Hosts of the other Ceylonese Anthobos-cinae, Tiphiinae, and Myzininae are unknownbut are presumed to be scarabaeid larvae.

Until this time relatively few species of Tiphi-idae have been described from Sri Lanka. Theearliest was Tiphia decrescens Walker, 1859. Twen-ty years passed before Smith (1879) described T.consueta. Bingham described Methoca [sic] nigra in1896, a species he synonymized a year later as theopposite sex of T. consueta. Cameron describedMethoca [sic] rugosa in 1897, a species now placedin Karhssa. Cameron described Myzine ceylomca in1900, a species now recognized as the opposite sexof the Indian Mesa petiolata (Smith).

The preceding number in my series"Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps" is"VIII: A Monograph of the Philanthidae (Hy-menoptera: Sphecoidea)," Smithsonian Contributionto Zoology, 343: 75 pages, 89 figures, 1981.

This present contribution also constitutes num-ber XIII of my series "Studies in the Tiphiidae"

1


but will not be published under that series title.The preceding number in that series is "A NewGenus of Methochinae with Notes on the Subge-nera of Methocha Latreille (Hymenoptera Acu-leata)," Proceedings of the Entomological Society ofWashington, 81:424-434, 5 figures, 1979.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

My field work in Sri Lanka was funded bySmithsonian Research Foundation Grant SFG-0-6955, and travel was provided in part by grantsfrom the Secretary's Fluid Research Funds.

Within Sri Lanka I am indebted to Co-Princi-pal Investigator W.T.T.P. Gunawardane, assist-ant in entomology, Department of National Mu-seums, for planning itineraries and arranging ac-commodations for our field parties. I am partic-ularly grateful to P.B. Karunaratne, former cu-rator of insects at the Museum, who accompaniedme on many of the field trips which resulted inthe collection of a majority of specimens on whichthis study is based.

I am indebted to the following for the loan ofmaterial: P.H. Arnaud, Jr., California Academyof Sciences (San Francisco); C. Besuchet, NaturalHistory Museum, Geneva, Switzerland (Geneva);P. Brinck, Lund University, Sweden (Lund);G.M. Byers, University of Kansas (Lawrence);M.C. Day, British Museum (Natural History)(London); G.R. Ferguson, Oregon State Univer-sity (Corvallis); W.T.T.P. Gunawardane and P.B.Karunaratne, National Museums of Sri Lanka(Colombo); the late E. Konigsmann, ZoologischesMuseum (Berlin); L. Masner, Biosystematics Re-search Institute (Ottawa); L. Moczar, formerlyTermeszettudomanyi Muzeum Allattara (Buda-pest); and C.B. Urbani, Naturhistorisches Mu-seum (Basel).

C. O'Toole, University Museum, Oxford, lentthe type series of Myzine petiolata Smith and partof the type series of Tiphia brevipennis Cameron.M.C. Day sent syntypes of T. conscia Nurse andT. nervosa Nurse, the remainder of the type seriesof T. brevipennis Cameron, and the unique type ofT. hirsuta Smith.

I am grateful to Terry L. Erwin and GloriaHouse, Department of Entomology, NationalMuseum of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti-tution (SI), for providing identifications of a num-ber of species of Cicindelidae that are putativehosts of the several species of Methochinae. T.L.Erwin helpfully brought to my attention the im-portant contributions of Shelford on the behaviorof arboreal cicindelid larvae.

Most illustrations are by George L. Venable,Department of Entomology (SI), but the lateAndre Pizzini of the same department made Fig-ure 39.

Sandra S. Gingras, Department of Entomology(SI), patiently transcribed and assembled the la-bel data on an extensive number of specimens.

Mary-Jacque Mann and Susann G. Braden,Scanning Electron Microscope Laboratory (SI),took the photographs, and G.L. Venable pre-pared those plates.

Finally, I am most grateful to my wife Dorothyfor offering astute editorial comments and forassisting in the tedious task of proofing galleysand page proof.

SYSTEMATICS

Six subfamilies are currently recognized in theprimitive wasp family Tiphiidae (Brothers, 1975),the Anthoboscinae, Thynninae, Tiphiinae, Bra-chycistidinae, Myzininae, and Methochinae.Four of these subfamilies occur in Sri Lanka, butthe Brachycistidinae are found only in the desertareas of the southwestern Nearctic Region, andthe Thynninae range throughout the southernhalf of the Neotropical Region and in New Zea-land, Australia, and Melanesia westward to Ce-lebes and northward into the Philippines.

The habitus illustrations (Figures 1-8) of bothsexes of the Ceylonese subfamilies of Tiphiidaeshould assist readily in placement of these waspsin the proper groups.

The fully winged females of the Anthoboscinae,Tiphiinae, and Myzininae except Hylomesa Krom-bein have well-developed modifications for fos-sorial existence, such as the enlarged femora and

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tibiae armed on the outer surface with stoutthorns. The female of Hylomesa is unique in havinga porrect quadrate head with the mandiblesplaced anteriorly (Krombein, 1968, pi. 1: figs. 6,7), whereas the other tiphiid females from SriLanka have the head short and transverse withthe mandibles placed ventrally. Female Metho-chinae are remarkable in being completely wing-less and very antlike in appearance; however,they lack the characteristic node between thethorax and main part of the abdomen. Femalesof Anthoboscinae differ from those of the Ti-phiinae and Myzininae in having extensive yel-low maculations, whereas those of the latter twosubfamilies are entirely black or black and red.Females of Tiphiinae have a propodeal areolaand the tegulae covering the axillary sclerites ofthe forewing, whereas the propodeal areola islacking in Myzininae, and the tegulae are smallerand do not completely cover the axillary sclerites.

Males of Tiphiinae, Myzininae, and Metho-chinae are separated from those of all other Cey-lonese wasps by having the apex of the eighthabdominal sternum protruding as a stout re-curved aculeus. Males of Anthoboscinae lack suchan aculeus and have more extensive yellow mac-ulations than other tiphiids. Male Tiphiinae arestouter than those of Myzininae and Metho-chinae and lack notauli on the scutum, whereasthe notauli are weakly defined and oblique in thelatter two subfamilies. Finally, males of Myzini-nae differ from those of Methochinae in havinga nodose first abdominal segment.

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY

This tabulation of species includes notes ondistribution within Sri Lanka, the actual distri-bution for wider ranging species, and remarks onecology.

1. Anthobosca ceylonica, new species: This newspecies is known only from several localities in thequite arid part of the Dry Zone of northwesternSri Lanka.

2. Tiphia coimbatorea Allen: This rare speciesoccurs both in the Dry Zone and the West Zone

from sea level to 2100 ft with an average annualrainfall of 860 to 1950 mm; it occurs also in SouthIndia at altitudes ranging from 1400 to 3400 ft.

3. Tiphia tegulita Allen: Another uncommonspecies that occurs in both the Dry Zone and theWet Zone at altitudes ranging from 100 to 600m; it is found also in South India, Nepal, andAssam.

4. Tiphia oswini Turner: This is a commonmontane species in the Wet Zone of the centralhighland area around Nuwara Eliya at altitudesranging from 1900 to 2700 m.

5. Tiphia leclercqi, new species: This occurs inthe Wet Zone on Adams Peak at altitudes from1530 to 1690 m.

6. Tiphia kaszabi, new species: A rare speciesknown only from a few males from the Wet Zoneof the central highland area around NuwaraEliya at altitudes from 1650 to 2035 m.

7. Tiphia sakagamii, new species: This occursin several Dry Zone localities at low altitudesfrom sea level to 100 m.

8. Tiphia knutsoni, new species: This speciesoccurs in the Wet Zone in the central hill countryand in the Sinharaja Jungle at altitudes rangingfrom several hundred to 2100 ft; it occurs also inthe Walayar Forest of South India.

9. Tiphia hillyardi, new species: This is a rarespecies of the Wet Zone ranging from severalhundred to 2100 ft with average rainfall of 1950to 3900 mm.

10. Tiphia bouceki, new species: This occursprimarily in the Dry Zone in areas of low rainfallbut occasionally enters the Wet Zone at moderatealtitudes with medium rainfall; it occurs also inthe Walayar Forest of South India.

11. Tiphia moczari, new species: This montanespecies, known only from a few females, occurs inthe Nuwara Eliya area from 1650 to 2050 m withan average annual rainfall of 2160 mm.

12. Tiphia tsunekii, new species: This is knownfrom a unique female taken on Adams Peak at1610-1690 m, an area of very heavy rainfall.

13. Tiphia gurneyi, new species: Closely re-lated to the preceding species, this species occursmost commonlv in lowland rain forest with av-


erage annual rainfall of as much as 3900 mm, butthere is one record from the central hill countryat 1800 ft with 1950 mm average annual rainfalland one record from a low arid area of the DryZone with an average annual rainfall of about1075 mm.

14. Tiphia nilgirensis Allen: Within Sri Lankathis species occurs in both the Dry Zone and theWet Zone at altitudes ranging from near sea levelto 6200 ft and with average annual rainfall rang-ing from 1700 to 2400 mm; it was described fromSouth India.

15. Tiphia kurczewskii, new species: This com-mon widely distributed species is found both inthe Dry Zone and drier parts of the Wet Zonewith average annual rainfall ranging from 1700to 2400 mm and at altitudes ranging from sealevel to several hundred ft; it is known also fromSouth India at an altitude of 2900 ft.

16. Tiphia palmi Krombein: This widely dis-tributed species occurs in both the Dry Zone andthe Wet Zone at altitudes of sea level to 1000 ftwith average annual rainfall ranging from 965 to3900 mm; it also ranges widely through India.

17. Tiphia decrescens Walker: This commonspecies occurs chiefly in the Dry Zone from sealevel to some 2000 ft with average annual rainfallof 965 to 1725 mm; however, it occurs sparinglyin the Wet Zone where rainfall may be as muchas 2900 mm; in India it ranges at least as farnorth as Deesa.

18. Tiphia bakeriana, new species: This isknown from a single male collected in the lowlandrain forest in the foothills of Adams Peak with anaverage annual rainfall about 3900 mm.

19. Tiphia weismani, new species: This isknown from a unique female from primary junglein the Wet Zone at an altitude of a few hundredfeet and with average annual rainfall of about2400 mm.

20. Tiphia hirsuta Smith: Within Sri Lankathis species is found both in the Dry Zone andthe Wet Zone in areas of light to moderate aver-age annual rainfall (965-2600 mm) and from sealevel to 2100 ft; it also occurs throughout Indiaand in Nepal.

21. Tiphia pulawskii, new species: This is an-other montane species of the Wet Zone confinedto the Nuwara Eliya District at altitudes of1650-2135 m.

22. Tiphia wittmeri, new species: This is morecommon in the Wet Zone in lowland rain forestswith average annual rainfall as much as 3900 mmbut occurs sparingly in Dry Zone localities withas little as 1700 mm.

23. Tiphia wirthi, new species: This rather un-common species occurs in both the Dry Zone andthe Wet Zone but chiefly in areas receiving nomore than 1700 mm average annual rainfall andat altitudes near sea level to several hundred feet.

24. Tiphia carvalhoi, new species: This is an-other uncommon species known only from theColombo District in the Wet Zone and the Trin-comalee District in the Dry Zone at low altitudesand average annual rainfall of 2400 mm or less.

25. Tiphia consueta Smith: This abundant andwidely distributed species is found in both theDry Zone and the Wet Zone at altitudes from sealevel to at least 2100 ft and with average annualrainfall of 1425-3900 mm.

26. Tiphia vanlithi, new species: This rare spe-cies has been collected at only two localities inthe Wet Zone up to 1800 ft and with annualrainfall of at least 1950 mm.

27. Tiphia hirashimai, new species: This spe-cies is common in the central Hill Country of theWet Zone at 1800-2100 ft and with averageannual rainfall of at least 1950 m.

28. Tiphia dayi, new species: This species isfound at higher altitudes (1800-6500 ft) withaverage annual rainfall of 1950-2160 mm.

29. Tiphia fennahi, new species: This speciesoccupies a range complementary to that of T.dayi, new species, being found in both the DryZone and the Wet Zone at altitudes near sea levelto 2200 ft and with average rainfall of 965-3900mm.

30. Tiphia wahisi, new species: This uncom-mon taxon is known from males from two locali-ties, one in the Dry Zone at 200 ft and with about1100 mm average rainfall, and the other in the

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Wet Zone at 1000 ft and with over 2000 mmrainfall.

31. Tiphia sabroskyi, new species: This species,known only from males, is found mostly in theDry Zone at quite low altitudes and with about2400 mm rainfall.

32. Mesa dimidiata (Guerin): This large un-common species is restricted to the Dry Zone ataltitudes near sea level to 1850 ft and with aver-age annual rainfall of 965-1500 mm; it occursalso throughout India.

33. Mesa karunaratnei, new species: This isknown from only two localities on the west coastin the Dry Zone and the Wet Zone at very lowaltitudes and average annual rainfall of1110-2400 mm.

34. Mesa Jlavipennis, new species: This speciesoccurs at several localities in the Dry Zone ataltitudes of 500 ft or less with average annualrainfall of 860-1705 mm; it occurs also in SouthIndia.

35. Mesa claripennis (Bingham): This com-mon species is found in both the Dry Zone andthe Wet Zone, though more commonly in theformer, and at altitudes ranging from sea level toat least 2100 ft and with average annual rainfallof 860-2600 mm; it occurs also in India, Tenas-serim, and Burma.

36. Mesa petiolata (Smith): This common spe-cies has almost exactly the same range in SriLanka as the preceding except that it occurs alsoin areas having average annual rainfall as highas 3900 mm; it is also widely distributed in India.

37. Hylomesa longiceps (Turner): This is rarein Sri Lanka and found mostly in the Dry Zone,although there is one record from Kandy in theWet Zone; it occurs to altitudes of 2100 ft andwith average annual rainfall of 1490-1950 mm;it has a wide distribution and occurs also in India,Assam, Burma, Malaysia, and Philippines.

38. Hylomesa anomala, new species: This rarespecies has been found in only one locality in theWet Zone at an altitude of 740-760 m and withaverage annual rainfall of about 1950 mm.

39. Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species:This is known from a single locality in the inter-

tidal area of a sandy beach in the Dry Zone withaverage annual rainfall of 965 mm; it occurs alsoin a coastal locality in South India.

40. Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species:This species occurs primarily in the Dry Zone,but there is one record from the Wet Zone; it isfound near sea level to 200 ft with average annualrainfall of 1075-2400 mm.

41. Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new species:This is the most widely distributed taxon in thegenus in Sri Lanka, where it occurs in both theDry Zone and the Wet Zone at altitudes from 50to some 2000 ft with average annual rainfall of860-3900 mm.

42. Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new spe-cies: This is the most widely distributed speciesof the subgenus; it occurs in both the Dry Zoneand the Wet Zone at altitudes near sea level to2100 ft and with average annual rainfall of860-1950 mm.

43. Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new spe-cies: This is known from only a few males fromthe Kandy area at an elevation of 1800 ft andwith average annual rainfall of 1950 mm.

44. Methocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new spe-cies: This taxon occurs both in the Dry Zoneand the Wet Zone at altitudes near sea level to1800 ft and with average annual rainfall of1725-1950 mm.

45. Methocha (Dryinopsis) anomala, new species:This species is known from just a few males fromboth the Dry Zone and the Wet Zone at altitudesof 330-2100 ft and with average annual rainfallof 1700-3900 mm.

46. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron): This raretaxon is known from the unique holotype from"Ceylon" and a pair from the most xeric part ofthe Dry Zone at an altitude of some 50 ft andwith an average annual rainfall of 860 mm.

TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUAL TAXA

The Ceylonese taxa are treated according totheir respective subfamilies. Under each subfam-ily heading is a discussion of the number of generaand species included, their distribution, and bio-


logical data. There follows a key to the generaand species of each subfamily.

In the section following the key are detailedtreatments of each of the species. The referencescited beneath each specific heading include theoriginal description and those of any synonyms,notes on type fixation when appropriate, and allother references citing the taxon.

Several paragraphs of discussion follow on suchsubjects as distribution, synonymy, type fixationwhere required, and differentiating characters.Next are descriptions of the female and malewhen both sexes are known. Finally there is alisting of the specimens examined arranged byprovince and district.

Label data are given in full for the type seriesof all new species. Label data for specimens ofpreviously described taxa have been consolidatedinsofar as possible. For example, one consolidatedrecord under "4. Tiphia oswini Turner" reads "9$,

126*, Nuwara Eliya (includes Galway NaturalReserve, One Tree Hill, Mt. Pidurutalagala),1900 m, 6500-8200 ft, 2 Jan, 14 Feb, 4 Mar, 28Apr, 10, 27-29 May, 10 Jun, 30-31 Jul, 28 Sep-1Oct, 8 Oct, 21 Nov, Brinck et al., Davis et al.,Hevel et al., Karunaratne et al., Keiser, Krom-bein et al., Messersmith et al. (USNM, Colombo,Basel, Lund)." Following the number of speci-mens and locality are specific dates of collection,except that the year is omitted. Dates are followedby names of collectors, except that only the nameof the first collector is cited from a label bearingthe names of two or more collectors. Finally thedepositories in which the specimens are locatedare cited in parentheses. The only abbreviationused is USNM (former United States NationalMuseum collections deposited in the NationalMuseum of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti-tution); other depositories in parentheses aremore fully identified in paragraph 3, "Acknowl-edgments."

Family TIPHIIDAE

Key to Subfamilies of Ceylonese Tiphiidae

1. FEMALES: Antenna 12-segmented; abdomen with 6 exposed segments,dorsum of sixth usually with a triangular, gently convex pygidial area,but normally retracted seventh tergum exposed in Methochinae; sexualdimorphism well developed, apterous Methochinae very slender andwith antlike habitus, other subfamilies stout-bodied forms with exteriorsurface of mid and hind tibiae with short, heavy thorns and foretarsuswith a well-developed pecten except in Hylomesa Krombein(Myzininae) 2

MALES: Antenna 13-segmented; abdomen with 7 exposed segments, pygi-dial plate usually lacking, and eighth sternum protruding as a stoutreflexed aculeus except in Anthoboscinae; sexual dimorphism well de-veloped, all species fully winged, body slender, and legs without modi-fications for fossorial use 5

2. Slender, wingless, antlike forms [Figure 8]; tibial spur formula 1-1-1;mesosternum truncate posteriorly and with a tooth or rounded angle infront of mid coxa; inner angle of mid coxa not overlaid by a triangularlamella; pygidial area glossy and relatively impunctate

METHOCHINAE

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Stout, fully winged forms; tibial spur formula 1-2-2; inner angle ofmidcoxa overlaid by mesosternum in the form of a thin lamella exceptin Hylomesa (Myzininae); pygidial area punctate, longitudinally striateor shagreened, or a combination of 2 of these 3

3. Antennae arising beneath a pair of large frontal tubercles, apparently only11-segmented because the pedicel is recessed into the apex of the scape[Figure 6]; tarsal claws cleft; forewing with closed marginal cell and 3submarginal cells; mesopleuron without anterior vertical ridge

MYZININAEFront without tubercles overlying antennal bases, antenna 12-segmented,

pedicel not recessed into scape; others characters not all as givenabove 4

4. Body predominantly black, pronotum occasionally with testaceous poste-rior margin; mandible, antenna, tegula, and legs frequently red ortestaceous in part or entirely; mesopleuron with a vertical ridge ante-riorly; marginal cell open, costa not present beyond stigma [Figure 4], 2submarginal cells; tarsal claws cleft TIPHIINAE

Body abundantly marked with yellow including mandible and foreleg;mesopleuron without anterior ridge; marginal cell closed, costa completeto apex of cell [Figure 2], 3 submarginal cells; tarsal claws with 3teeth ANTHOBOSCINAE

5. Forewing with 2 submarginal cells; integument black except hind marginof pronotum testaceous in a few Tiphiinae, appendages occasionally redin part or entirely; eighth sternum protruding as a stout reflexedaculeus 6

Forewing with 3 submarginal cells; integument black with relatively abun-dant yellow markings, except in Hylomesa (Myzininae) in which the headis red and Mesa dimidiata (Myzininae) which has infuscated fore-wings, legs black-and-yellow in most species 7

6. Antennae arising beneath small frontal tubercles [Figure 7]; clypeus witha median process near base; tegula not covering axillary sclerites offorewing; anal lobe of hind wing shorter than submedian cell; dorsalsurface of propodeum without enclosed median areola, rounding grad-ually into posterior surface METHOCHINAE

Front without tubercles overlying antennal insertions [Figure 3]; clypeusgently convex or flat, without median process at base; tegula larger,covering axillary sclerites of forewing; anal lobe of hind wing longer thansubmedian cell; dorsal surface of propodeum with an enclosed medianareola, separated from posterior declivous surface by a strong transverseridge TIPHIINAE

7. Antennae arising beneath a pair of large frontal tubercles, apparently only12-segmented because pedicel is recessed into apex of scape [Figure 5]:eighth sternum protruding as a stout reflexed aculeus; first tergumnodose at apex; occipital carina present MYZININAE

Front without tubercles overlying antennal bases, antenna 13-segmented,pedicel not recessed into apex of scape [Figure I]; eighth sternum simple,Ungulate, not reflexed; first tergum gradually broadened, not nodose atapex; occipital carina absent ANTHOBOSCINAE


Subfamily ANTHOBOSCINAE

The only representative of this subfamily isAnthobosca ceylonica, new species, a species distinctfrom all other Ceylonese tiphiids in that bothsexes are profusely maculated with pale yellow.Other distinguishing characters are mentioned inthe foregoing key to subfamilies.

The genus Anthobosca occurs chiefly in theSouthern Hemisphere where a number of specieshave been described from Australia, South Amer-ica, and Africa, but none from the Orient. Todate, the genus has not been recorded from India,and the closest geographical relative of A. ceylonicais A. arabica Turner, described from Aden andknown only from the female.

A Chilean species of Anthobosca has been re-corded as a parasite of a scarabaeid larva in thesoil. It is presumed that the single Ceylonesespecies has a similar host, for the female wasp hasthe legs strongly modified for fossorial use.

1. Anthobosca ceylonica, new species

FIGURES 1, 2, 9

This Dry Zone species, known only from thenorthwestern part of Sri Lanka, is distinguishedfrom its closest geographical relative, the ArabianA. arabica Turner as follows: clypeal margin gentlyrounded instead of truncate; apex of pygidiumshagreened rather than finely punctate; marginalcell narrowly truncate at apex, not rounded, andextending slightly beyond third submarginal cell;clypeus with a yellow spot; scutellum lacking ayellow band; and wings slightly infumated ratherthan hyaline.

Most of the type series was collected 22-25May 1976 just north of the Modaragam Aru nearKokmotte Bungalow, Wilpattu National Park.One female and 10 males were collected withhand nets, and 16 males were caught in a Malaisetrap. We revisited this locality during Januaryand October 1977 and February 1979 and set theMalaise trap at the identical site, but we obtainedno additional specimens. Two females were col-

lected in January 1978 at two localities only 15miles north of the type-locality.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Northern Province,Mannar District, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte Bungalow,Wilpattu Natl. Park, 21-25 May 1976, K.V.Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Bal-asooriya (USNM Type 100258).

FEMALE (Figure 2).—Length 8.5 mm, forewing5.2 mm. Black, the following pale yellow: clypeus,stripe along inner eye margin, tiny spot on middleof front, narrow lateral stripe on occiput behindeye, anterolateral spot on pronotum and narrowposterior band, large posterolateral spot on pro-podeum, lateral elliptical spots on middle of firstfour abdominal terga, that on first quite smalland narrow, those on second to fourth broaderand larger, and narrow stripe on outer surface offoretibia; the following ferruginous—mandible,antenna, and tarsi. Vestiture relatively sparse,glittering white, but dense, fiery red and subde-cumbent on sixth abdominal tergum. Wingsslightly infumated, stigma dark brown, veins tes-taceous.

Head 1.2 times as broad as high (apex ofclypeus to occiput); interantennal distance 1.4times antennocular distance; apical margin ofmedian lobe of clypeus gently rounded; ocelli ina low triangle, postocellar distance 0.8 times ocel-locular distance and subequal to ocelloccipitaldistance; front with small punctures, on lowerhalf separated from each other by about thediameter of a puncture, becoming sparser above;vertex similarly punctate, quite sparsely behindocelli and more densely toward side.

Pronotal disk with small punctures mostly sep-arated by at least the diameter of a puncture butcloser along posterior margin; scutum with punc-tures a bit larger, scattered on middle of disk andcrowded toward notauli; scutellum with coarser,very scattered punctures; mesopleural disk withlarger punctures separated by less than the di-ameter of a puncture; propodeal dorsum withquite small contiguous punctures, lateral surfacesmooth, posterior surface finely roughened; tarsalclaws 3-toothed; marginal cell narrowly truncateat apex.

NUMBER 374

Pygidium on anterior half with dense, coarse,subdecumbent setae, posterior half shagreened.

ALLOTYPE.—6*, same label data as type(USNM).

MALE (Figure 1).—Length 9.5 mm, forewing6.5 mm. Black, the following pale yellow: basalhalf of mandible, clypeus, stripe along inner eyemargin, small oblique spot behind eye above,apex of scape beneath, pronotum entirely exceptanterior slope and upper half of lateral aspect,spot on tegula, disk of scutellum, spot on middleof postscutellum, oblique spot above on meso-pleuron, posterolateral spot on propodeum and amedian spot on posterior surface, large ovoidlateral spots on second to fourth abdominal tergaand smaller one on fifth, apex of forecoxa, apicesof all femora externally, tibiae almost entirelyexcept dark blotch on posterior, and all tarsi.Vestiture glittering white, relatively short anddense on head and thorax, shorter, decumbentand cinereous on abdomen. Wings almost clear,stigma dark brown, veins light brown.

Head rounded, width 1.1 times height; inter-antennal distance subequal to antennocular dis-tance; ocelli in a low triangle, postocellar distance0.9 times both ocellocular and ocelloccipital dis-tances; median lobe of clypeus bidentate at apex,shallowly emarginate between teeth; front finelyand closely punctate; vertex with slightly largerand more separated punctures.

Thorax rather uniformly finely and closelypunctate; propodeum with even smaller andmore crowded punctures; tarsal claws with threeteeth.

Abdomen with close, delicate punctation ex-cept sixth and seventh terga with larger punc-tures, contiguous on latter segment; genitalia(Figure 9).

PARATYPES.—25c?, same label data as type.Mannar District: 19, Silavathurai, 24 Jan 1978,P.B. Karunaratne (USNM); 1$, Kondachchi, 26Jan 1978, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM); 26, Sila-vathurai, Kondachchi, 23-27 Jan 1978, in Ma-laise trap, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M.Jayaweera, G. Ratnavira (USNM). Paratypeshave been deposited in the National Museums of

Sri Lanka (Colombo), and in the British Museum(Natural History).

The female paratypes are 7.5 mm and 11.0 mmlong. Both females have larger yellow markingsthan does the holotype, and in addition each hasa small lateral spot on scutum, a small spot aboveon mesopleuron, a spot at base of propodeum anda pair of median spots on posterior surface, andsmall spots at apices of outer surface of all femora.Male paratypes are 5.4-10.0 mm long. There isconsiderable variation in the number and size ofyellow maculations, and smaller specimens aredarker. The most brightly marked specimen haslarger spots on the abdomen, the spots on secondmeeting on midline, and those on third andfourth are narrowly separated, the femoral andpropodeal markings are more extensive, and thefirst abdominal tergum has a small oblique spoton side. The least maculated specimen has muchsmaller maculations on front, vertex, abdominalterga, femora and tibiae, the pronotum has onlya posterior band on dorsum and tiny spot onlateral surface, and yellow spots are lacking onscutellum, postscutellum, mesopleuron and pro-podeum.

Subfamily TIPHIINAE

Tiphia Fabricius is the only genus of Tiphiinaethat occurs in Sri Lanka. It is one of the mostdifficult genera in the Ceylonese wasp fauna in-sofar as specific discrimination is concerned.There are many species; sex associations are some-times difficult because of the sexual dimorphism,and some species exhibit a disconcerting degreeof variability in punctation and reddening of theappendages. Thirty species have been collected inSri Lanka, 21 species occurring in Sri Lanka only,and nine occurring also in India. It is more thanlikely that some Dry Zone species now knownonly from Sri Lanka will be found in South Indiaalso when more thorough collecting is done inthat area. Furthermore, six Ceylonese species areknown from less than six specimens, three of themfrom uniques, so it is quite probable that we havenot yet obtained the entire tiphiine fauna.

10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Bingham (1896:431) recorded 71 rufofemorataSmith from Sri Lanka, but this was certainly amisidentification of this Indian species; consider-ing the locality from which he recorded it, Isuspect that he had a female of what is describedherein as T. dayi, new species.

The wealth of material collected during my 12field trips in Sri Lanka has enabled me to makesex associations in 23 of the 30 species obtained.Previously, only the two sexes of T. oswini Turnerhad been associated. Of the seven remainingspecies, all of them new, three are known onlyfrom females (71 moczari, T. tsunekii, and 71 weis-mani) and four only from males (7! bakeriana, T.kaszabi, 71 sabroskyi, and 71 wahisi).

Ideally, sex associations are based on the cap-ture of mating pairs; however, only rarely arespecies of Tiphia taken in copula, suggesting thatthe female mates only once and for a relativelybrief period. The only records I have are mycapture in copula of a pair of 71 dayi, new species,and of a pair of T. consueta Smith. P.B. Karunar-atne captured newly emerged females and malesof T. hirsuta Smith on the ground at the ColomboMuseum but observed no mating. I have seentwo newly emerged females of T. dayi and one ofT. tsunekii resting quietly on foliage. I suspect thatthey were ready to mate and were releasing apheromone to attract males. Newly emergedwingless females of a new mutillid genus andspecies to be described by B0rge Petersen behavesimilarly, and the pair is often caught on thefoliage or in flight.

The rarity of mating pairs requires that sexassociations be based on other criteria. One im-portant criterion is the capture of both sexes atseveral localities. These data must be consideredtogether with characters such as coloration of thelegs, antennae and wings, the shape and color ofthe tegulae, and comparative density of the punc-tation which is sometimes similar in the two sexes.

Female species with light red legs and antennaeusually have males with similar coloration exceptthat parts of the legs, especially the hind tarsi,and the dorsal surface of the antennae may beinfuscated. Species having such coloration in both

sexes are T. carvalhoi, new species, 71 hillyardi, newspecies, 71 kurczewskii, new species, 71 pulawskn,new species, T. palmi Krombein, T. sakagamn, newspecies, T. tegulita Allen, T. vanlithi, new species,and 71 wirthi, new species. The female of 71gurneyi, new species, has predominantly reddishlegs, but not the male. The male of 71 bouceki, newspecies, has reddish legs, but not the female. Thefemales of 71 weismani and T. tsunekii have lightred legs, but the males are unknown.

Females of T. dayi, T. fennahi, new species, and71 hirashimai, new species, have dark legs exceptfor the bright red mid and hind femora. Legs oftheir respective males are mostly dark, and thesexes are associated on the basis of relative densityof punctation, size and occurrence at some of thesame localities, and, in the case of 71 dayi, on thebasis of the capture of a pair in copula.

Similarly colored wings in both sexes is ex-tremely unusual. It occurs only in 71 pulawsku,which has bright yellow wings in both sexes.Normally, the female forewing is darker, rangingfrom infumated to infuscated, whereas in malesthe forewing is clear or only slightly infumated.Two species, T. hillyardi and T. hirsuta, have yellowforewings in the female but clear or lightly infu-mated wings respectively in the male.

The shape of the tegula is the same in bothsexes, and the color is usually similar, so these areuseful corroborating characters for sex associa-tions. Most species have tegulae with a more orless circular outline (Figure 41) and with thelength only slightly greater than the width, butnine species have elongate tegulae (Figure 42)with the length at least 1.5 times greater than thewidth. Frequently the tegula is opaque black inboth sexes, but there are some species with theposterior part and outer edge transparent andlight brown or testaceous, and so part of theaxillary sclerites of the forewing may be seen, andother species have the entire tegula transparentand testaceous or light red, so all of the axillarysclerites may be seen.

Emergence from the soil may occur duringperiods of inclement weather. At Nuwara Eliyaduring a continual overcast and very light drizzle,

NUMBER 374 11

newly emerged males and females were alightingon foliage, but no mating was observed. Duringa period of two hours, we collected a female of T.pulawskit, new species, five pairs of T. oswini, threefemales of T. moczari, and eight females and 25males of T. dayi. On the Adams Peak Trail underconstant overcast and intermittent heavier show-ers, we collected the type series of T. leclercqi, newspecies (1$, 56), and the unique female of T.tsunekii.

Hosts of the Ceylonese Tiphia are unknown. Itis presumed that they will consist of subterraneanscarabaeid larvae, as has been ascertained for anumber of species from India, China, Korea, andJapan. Females of the Ceylonese species have apecten of spines along the posterior margin of theforetarsus and an armature of short coarse thornscovering the outer surfaces of the mid and hindtibiae (Figure 4a,b). These are normal for the

genus and indicate that the females lead a fosso-rial existence searching for host larvae. SomeCeylonese species have the tarsal pecten com-posed of shorter, weaker spines than is normal,and the mid and hind tibiae may bear fewer andweaker thorns. These developments suggest thatthe host larvae may occur in a more friablesubstrate such as sand or decaying wood.

The limited distribution and scarcity of somespecies suggests that they may be host specific orconfined to hosts in very specialized ecologicalniches. Taxonomic difficulties due to variabilityin wide-ranging, common species may be associ-ated with a broad host spectrum.

I have named certain new species for somecollaborators on the Smithsonian Ceylonese In-sect Project and others for some of the specialistswho furnished identifications of prey, hosts, orparasites of Ceylonese solitary wasps.

Key to Ceylonese Species of Tiphiinae

(Males of the following new species are unknown: Tiphia moczari, T. tsunekii, and T. weismani;females of the following new species are unknown: T. bakeriana, T. kaszabi, T. sabroskyi, and T.wahisi)

1. FEMALES [Figure 4]: Antenna 12-segmented; 6 visible abdominal segments,the last tergum flattened and with a pygidial area 2

MALES [Figure 3]: Antenna 13-segmented; 7 visible abdominal segments,the last sternum terminating in a recurved, upwardly directedhook 27

2. Tegula at least 1.5 times as long as broad [cf. Figure 42] 3Tegula at most slightly longer than wide [Figure 41] 10

3. Propodeal areola quinquecarinate [cf. Figure 51]; hind basitarsus withoutlongitudinal groove on inner surface [cf. Figure 44]; mandible, antenna,tegula, and legs except coxae light red 3. Tiphia tegulita Allen

Propodeal areola tricarinate [cf. Figure 52]; hind basitarsus with a longi-tudinal groove of varying length on inner surface [cf. Figure 43];appendages sometimes darker, sometimes colored as above 4

4. Lateral third of second abdominal tergum usually with many elongatepits; lower front with a strong, median longitudinal crest aboveantennae 5

Pits on second tergum, if present, rounded not elongate, this area usuallypunctate only; front with a median crest only in T. leclercqi, newspecies 7

5. Forewing bright yellow on basal half, veins amber; antenna, tegula, and


legs except coxae light red; vestiture golden; many of elongate pits onsecond tergum confluent in longitudinal rows

9. Tiphia hillyardi, new speciesForewing lightly infumated or light yellow, veins amber or light brown;

antenna, legs and anterior half or two-thirds of tegula dark, posteriorhalf or third light brown and transparent; vestiture silvery; pits ofsecond tergum sometimes not confluent in longitudinal rows, sometimesless elongate than in T. hillyardi 6

6. Forewing infumated, veins light brown; propodeal areola with basalwidth usually 1.1 times apical width; posterior third of tegulatransparent 8. Tiphia knutsoni, new species

Forewing light yellow, veins amber; propodeal areola twice as wide atbase as at apex; posterior half of tegula transparent

10. Tiphia bouceki, new species7. Larger forms, 10-13 mm long; antenna, tegula, and legs dark; lower two-

thirds of lateral surface of pronotum with close, moderate to coarseoblique rugulae and a strong, median oblique groove; sensorium ofhind tibia large, not impressed; apical third of pygidium sha-greened 8

Smaller forms, 6-8 mm long; antenna at least beneath, tegula and legsexcept coxae light red; lower two-thirds of lateral surface of pronotumsmooth and shagreened or with only a few delicate, oblique rugulaeand usually without a strong, median oblique groove; sensorium ofhind tibia smaller, impressed; apical third of pygidium glossy 9

8. Front with median crest above antennae lacking or very weak; scutumanteriorly with a complete transverse carina extending to parapsidalfurrows; disk of first abdominal tergum with a small, median chestnutmark 4. Tiphia oswini Turner

Front with strong median crest above antennae; scutum anteriorly withtransverse carina present only on median third; disk of first tergumentirely black 5. Tiphia leclercqi, new species

9. Upper half of front with a few impunctate interspaces wider than anocellus, but many punctures separated by the diameter of a punctureor less; many punctures of mesopleural disk of similar density; subapicalpunctation of first abdominal tergum mostly 2 punctures wide

7. Tiphia sakagamii, new speciesUpper half of front with only a few, quite scattered punctures; most

punctures of mesopleural disk separated by considerably more than thediameter of a puncture; subapical punctation of first tergum 1 puncturewide; male unknown 11. Tiphia moczari, new species

10. Disk of first abdominal tergum with a strong anterior transverse ridge;mesopleuron with large pits of third degree density scattered on asurface with dense minute setigerous punctures giving surface a seri-ceous appearance 2. Tiphia coimbatorea Allen

First tergum not ridged anteriorly; mesopleuron without dense minutesetigerous punctures, surface not sericeous 11

NUMBER 374 13

11. Hind basitarsus without a groove on inner surface [Figure 44]; hind tibiawithout a carina on inner surface [Figure 46]; propodeal areola bi-,tri-, or quinquecarinate 12

Hind basitarsus with a groove on inner surface [Figure 43] or if groovevery short or evanescent as in some specimens of T. consueta Smith, theninner surface of hind tibia with a longitudinal carina [Figure 45];propodeal areola tricarinate 23

12. Wings yellow, veins yellow to testaceous 13Wings not yellow, usually feebly to strongly infumated with brownish,

veins amber to brown 1413. Mandible, antenna, posterior margin of pronotum, tegula, legs, and

pygidium light red; erect vestiture golden with a reddish cast; puncta-tion relatively much sparser, front with several impunctate areas largerthan an ocellus, disk of mesopleuron with punctures separated by atleast the diameter of a puncture . . . 21. Tiphia pulawskii, new species

These parts black except mandible and tegula dark red; erect vestituresilvery; punctation relatively much denser, front without impunctate -interspaces except beneath anterior ocellus, disk of mesopleuron withpunctures mostly separated by half the diameter of a puncture

20. Tiphia hirsuta Smith14. Area between propodeal areola and side of propodeum with a sinuous

carina running nearly the entire length of surface [Figure 51], the areolausually longitudinally quinquecarinate, rarely tricarinate 15

This area without such a carina, the areola usually tricarinate [cf. Figure52], sometimes bicarinate in 1 species 16

15. Propodeal areola tricarinate; mid and hind tibiae not inflated [cf. Figure47], 2.7 times as long as wide; pronotum not ridged anteriorly; midand hind femora and all tibiae light red; male unknown

19. Tiphia weismani, new speciesPropodeal areola quinquecarinate, rarely tricarinate, carinae between

median and lateral carinae not extending to apex of areola; mid andhind tibiae inflated [Figure 48], 2.2 times as long as wide; pronotumweakly ridged anteriorly; legs dark except tarsi occasionally reddish inpart 17. Tiphia decrescens Walker

16. Propodeal areola with lateral carinae only, the surface irregularly pitted,occasionally tricarinate and not pitted; mid and hind femora andtibiae bright red; tibiae of these legs darker than femora and inflated,2.4 times as long as broad, hind margin strongly rounded; base ofsecond tergum broadly grooved and with coarse, short longitudinalrugulae; front, vertex and pronotal disk mostly contiguously punctate

13. Tiphia gurneyi, new speciesAreola tricarinate, median carina usually strong and complete, surface

usually not pitted; basal groove on second tergum not so deep, andrugulae, if present, very delicate and not extending completely acrosstergum; front, vertex and pronotal disk with more separated punctures


except in T. tsunekii, new species, which has legs except coxae lightred 17

17. Legs black, or at most dark brown 18Legs except coxae light red, hind tarsus and foretibia frequently

infuscated 1918. Mid and hind tibiae broadened [cf. Figure 48], twice as long as wide;

hind tibia with sensorium rounded, not impressed14. Tiphia nilgirensis Allen

Mid and hind tibiae normal [cf. Figure 47], 2.8 times as long as wide;hind tibia with sensorium elongate, impressed

22. Tiphia wittmeri, new species19. Mid and hind tibiae not broadened [cf. Figure 47], 3 times as long as

wide; apical half of pygidium glossy, smooth 20Mid and hind tibiae broadened [cf. Figure 48], 2.0-2.5 times as long as

broad; carinae of areola not margined by crenulate grooves 2120. Carinae of propodeal areola margined by crenulate grooves; anterior

escarpment of scutum present only in middle, not extending to notauli;only flagellum light red beneath 23. Tiphia wirthiy new species

Carinae of areola not margined by crenulate grooves; anterior escarpmentof scutum complete, extending to notauli; antenna entirely lightred 24. Tiphia carvalhoi, new species

21. Large species, 12 mm long; head and thoracic dorsum with suberectgolden vestiture; front, vertex and thoracic dorsum with dense punc-tation, interspaces much less than diameter of a puncture; abdominalpunctation sparser than in following species, disk of second tergumwith a very few scattered, tiny punctures; male unknown

12. Tiphia tsunekii, new speciesSmaller species, not over 8 mm long; head and thorax with silvery

vestiture; front, vertex, and thoracic dorsum with more scattered punc-tures, most of them separated by at least half or more the diameter ofa puncture; abdominal punctation denser, disk of second tergum withnumerous punctures separated by about the diameter of apuncture 22

22. Apical half of pygidium with fine, close longitudinal wrinkles; pronotalpunctation sparser, most punctures separated by more than the diam-eter of a puncture; punctures near apical margin of first tergum 2 rowswide across middle; hind tibia not so strongly inflated, 2.5 times as longas wide 15. Tiphia kurczewskii, new species

Apical half of pygidium glossy, smooth; pronotal punctation denser, manypunctures separated by less than the diameter of a puncture; puncturesnear apical margin of first tergum 1 row wide across middle; hind tibiamore strongly inflated, 2.0 times as long as wide

16. Tiphia pa/mi Krombein23. Legs dark; posterior surface of propodeum with median carina complete;

lateral pronotal surface with deep oblique groove; groove on innersurface of hind basitarsus 0.3-0.5 times as long as segment, occasionally

NUMBER 374 15

evanescent; tegula usually mostly black, opaque25. Tiphia consueta Smith

At least mid and hind femora light red; posterior surface of propodeumwith median carina absent or present only on lower half 24

24. Legs except coxae, median lobe of clypeus, and antenna light red; erectvestiture of head and pronotum reddish golden

26. Tiphia vanlithi, new speciesOnly mid and hind femora light red, tibiae, tarsi, clypeus, and antenna

black to dark red 2525. Larger species, 12-17 mm long; frontal punctation quite dense, those on

upper part mostly subcontiguous, no impunctate interspaces exceptimmediately below anterior ocellus; apical lobe of clypeus very broad,margin evenly and broadly rounded [Figure 49]

27. Tiphia hirashimai, new speciesSmaller species, 8-11 mm long; frontal punctation sparser, those on upper

part usually separated by at least half the diameter of a puncture andusually with 1 or more impunctate interspaces as wide as or wider thanan ocellus; apical lobe of clypeus narrow, the margin slightly emargin-ate [cf. Figure 51] 26

26. Subapical band of small punctures on first tergum only 1 puncture inwidth across middle of segment; usually less densely punctate, upperfront with several impunctate areas wider than an ocellus, many ofdiscal punctures on mesopleuron separated by 1 to several times thediameter of a puncture 28. Tiphia dayi, new species

Subapical band 2 punctures in width across middle of first tergum;usually more densely punctate, upper front with fewer and smallerimpunctate areas, most discal punctures on mesopleuron separated bythe diameter of a puncture at most

29. Tiphia fennahi, new species27. Disk of first abdominal tergum with a strong, anterior transverse ridge

behind which are short longitudinal rugulae; punctures posteriorly onfirst tergum coarse; fifth sternum with a weak posterolateralprocess 2. Tiphia coimbatorea Allen

Disk of first tergum not ridged anteriorly 2828. Tegula elongate, at least 1.5 times as long as wide [Figure 42] 29

Tegula shorter, not much longer than broad [Figure 41] 3629. Sixth abdominal sternum clothed with dense, short suberect setae arising

from subcontiguous punctures, in profile forming a conspicuous tuftexcept when many of bristles have been denuded [cf. Figure 57]

8. Tiphia knutsoni, new speciesSixth sternum without such a tuft, the setae sparser and arising from more

separated punctures [cf. Figure 58] 3030. Legs, except coxae, and antenna beneath light red; posterolateral process

on fifth abdominal sternum high, curved and overlying an invagination[cf. Figure 56]; upper part of front sparsely punctate and glossy; hindtibia without carina or polished streak on inner surface; propodeal


areola occasionally obscurely quinquecarinate3. Tiphia tegulita Allen

Legs, except coxae, and antenna sometimes light red, sometimes dark orat most with fore and mid tibiae and tarsi red; process on fifth sternumlower, not overlying an invagination [cf. Figure 55]; inner surface ofhind tibia with a longitudinal carina or polished streak; propodealareola tricarinate 31

31. Lower front with a median carina 32Lower front not carinate 33

32. Legs, except coxae, and tegula light red; subapical row of punctures onfirst abdominal tergum only 1 puncture wide

9. Tiphia hiJJyardi, new speciesAt most the fore and mid tibiae and tarsi red; basal half of tegula dark,

apical half testaceous; subapical row of first tergum 2 punctures wideexcept in smaller specimens 10. Tiphia bouceki, new species

33. Tegula glossy, transparent, testaceous on apical half; tibiae and tarsi andoccasionally femora, in part or entirely, light red

7. Tiphia sakagamii, new speciesTegula shagreened, opaque; legs usually entirely dark, at most fore and

mid tibiae beneath and tarsi reddish 3434. Smaller species not over 5.5 mm long; fore and mid tibiae and tarsi red

at least beneath; subapical row of punctures on first abdominal tergumconsisting of shallow, narrow elongate gouges contiguous across middle;upper front sparsely punctate and with large impunctate areas severaltimes as large as an ocellus; mesopleural disk with small scatteredpunctures, mostly separated by at least 3 times the diameter of apuncture; female unknown 6. Tiphia kaszabi, new species

Larger species, rarely as small as 6.0 mm long; legs dark, fore tibia andtarsus very rarely light red beneath; subapical row of punctures on firsttergum round and not so crowded; upper front more closely punctate,impunctate areas no wider than an ocellus; mesopleural disk moreclosely punctate, interspaces usually no greater than twice the diameterof a puncture 35

35. Upper front without impunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus; clypeallobe with apical margin shallowly emarginate and lateral angles ob-tusely angulate and rounded; lower half of lateral surface of pronotumwith close, strong oblique rugulae 4. Tiphia oswini Turner

Upper front with 2 impunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus; clypeallobe with apical margin deeply emarginate and lateral angles moresharply angled; lower half of lateral surface of pronotum with a fewweak, short rugulae or none at all . . . 5. Tiphia leclercqi, new species

36. Legs except coxae light red, hind tarsi occasionally brownish; flagellumusually light red, at least beneath 37

Legs predominantly black or dark brown, tibiae and tarsi occasionallylight red; flagellum black or dark brown, light red beneath 41

37. Marginal cell extending well beyond second submarginal cell 38

NUMBER 374 17

Second submarginal cell extending almost as far toward wing apex asmarginal cell 40

38. Scape and pedicel light red, flagellum infuscated, all coxae dark; mandiblewith a preapical denticle on inner margin [cf. Figures 59, 60, 62];pronotal ridge with a series of short perpendicular carinaeposteriorly 26. Tiphia vanlithi, new species

Antenna entirely light red as well as mid and hind coxae; mandible withor without a preapical denticle on inner margin [cf. Figures 59-62];pronotal ridge without a series of short perpendicular carinaeposteriorly 39

39. Posterolateral process of fifth sternum straight, longitudinal [Figure 55];lateral surface of pronotum without rugulae on lower half, anteriormargin not sharply raised; first abdominal segment slender, disk oftergum 0.8 times as long as apical width; forewing membraneyellowish 21. Tiphia pulawskii, new species

Process of fifth sternum curved, oblique; lateral surface of pronotum withclose rugulae on lower half, anterior margin sharply raised; first abdom-inal segment broader, disk of tergum 0.6 times as long as wide; forewingmembrane colorless 15. Tiphia kurczewskii, new species

40. Apical margin of clypeal lobe bilobate, narrowly emarginate in middle;inner margin of mandible with a weak subapical denticle; posterolateralprocess of fifth abdominal sternum curved, oblique, welldeveloped 23. Tiphia wirthi, new species

Apical margin of clypeal lobe subtruncate or weakly and more broadlyemarginate; inner margin of mandible without subapical denticle [cf.Figure 61]; posterolateral process of fifth sternum evanescent or, whenpresent, weaker and oblique 16. Tiphia palmi Krombein

41. Sixth abdominal sternum clothed with dense, short, suberect hair arisingfrom contiguous punctures, the tuft most conspicuous in profile [Figure57] 42

Sixth sternum with more scattered subdecumbent vestiture [Figure 58]45

42. Posterolateral process on fifth abdominal sternum higher, its posteriorpart overlying a pocket-like depression along inner edge [Figure 56];apical fringes of second to sixth abdominal segments white, extremelylong [Figure 53]; clypeus and lower front with dense, decumbent silveryvestiture [Figure 64] 20. Tiphia hirsuta Smith

Posterolateral process of fifth sternum lower, not overlying a depression[cf. Figure 55]; apical fringes of abdominal segments shorter [cf. Figure54]; clypeus and lower front without dense vestiture [Figure 63] 43

43. Second submarginal cell extending almost as far as marginal cell towardapex of forewing; dorsal surface of first abdominal tergum 2.1-2.3 timesas broad as long, strip of preapical punctures 2 punctures wide andseparated from apical margin by width of punctate strip; tibiae andtarsi light red except hind tarsi sometimes infuscated

24. Tiphia carvalhoi, new species


Second submarginal cell farther removed from apex of forewing thanmarginal cell, usually by a distance as great as apical width of lattercell; dorsal surface of first abdominal tergum 1.5-1.9 times as broad aslong, strip of preapical punctures 1 or 2 punctures wide across at leastmiddle of tergum and separated from apical margin by twice or morethe width of punctate strip 44

44. Posterior margin of pronotal disk, transparent tegula, tibiae, and tarsilight red; short perpendicular carinae behind pronotal ridge weak orlacking, disk medially with punctures separated by half the diameter ofa puncture 17. Tiphia decrescens Walker

Tegula opaque and dark, only foretibia and tarsus and mid tibia lightred; short perpendicular carinae well developed behind pronotal ridge,disk medially with subcontiguous punctures; female unknown

18. Tiphia bakeriana, new species45. Second submarginal cell extending as far or almost as far toward apex of

forewing as the marginal cell which is short, rounded apically, and notforming an acute angle with costa; median lobe of clypeus with narrowtruncate apex; posterolateral process of fifth sternum high, slightlyarcuate, mainly longitudinal; tarsi light red or testaceous; femaleunknown 30. Tiphia wahisi, new species

Apex of marginal cell meeting costa at an acute angle, the cell extendingdecidedly closer to apex of forewing than second submarginal, usuallyby a distance equal to half the length of vein closing second submar-ginal; otherwise with a different combination of characters, i.e., eitherapical margin of clypeal lobe emarginate, posterolateral process of fifthsternum oblique or transverse, or tarsi dark 46

46. Tegula testaceous and transparent except inner anterior section, wingbase visible beneath 47

Tegula dark, opaque, wing base not visible 4847. Anterior transverse ridge of pronotal disk without a series of strong, short

perpendicular carinae along posterior edge; dorsal surface of propo-deum without a sinuous carina between lateral ridge and areola, thelatter with sides converging only slightly toward apex; upper part oflateral surface of propodeum with closer weaker oblique carinae onupper section; posterolateral process on fifth abdominal sternum ar-cuate, mainly longitudinally oriented

22. Tiphia wittmeri, new speciesAnterior ridge of pronotum with a series of strong, short perpendicular

carinae along posterior edge; dorsal surface of propodeum with asinuous carina between lateral ridge and areola, the latter with sidesconverging more strongly toward apex; lateral surface of propodeumwith strong, sparse oblique carinae on upper section; posterolateralprocess of fifth sternum arcuate, mainly transversely oriented; femaleunknown 31. Tiphia sabroskyi, new species

NUMBER 374 19

48. Inner surface of hind tibia with a median longitudinal ridge or narrowbare strip, remainder of surface with dense, short suberect setae . 4 9

Inner surface of hind tibia without a bare strip or carina, the surfaceuniformly covered with such setae 53

49. Mandible without a subapical denticle on inner margin [Figure 61];posterior surface of propodeum with median carina extending to oralmost to upper margin 50

Mandible with a weak to strong subapical denticle on inner margin[Figures 59, 62], the denticle eroded in worn specimens; posteriorsurface of propodeum with median carina on lower two-thirds atmost 51

50. Front with most punctures subcontiguous except for very narrow, smoothmedian strip; disk of first tergum twice as broad as median length,anterior half with denser small punctures, preapical strip with smallcontiguous punctures at least 2 punctures in width; anterior half of firststernum with small close punctures; disk of mesopleuron with mostpunctures separated by less than the diameter of a puncture

13. Tiphia gurneyi, new speciesSome parts of upper front with most punctures separated by half the

diameter of a puncture; disk of first tergum 1.6 times as broad as long,anterior half with scattered small punctures, preapical strip with smallsubcontiguous punctures; anterior half of first sternum with scatteredsmall punctures; disk of mesopleuron with a number of puncturesseparated by the diameter of a puncture. .25. Tiphia consueta Smith

51. Erect vestiture black; first abdominal segment narrower, 1.3-1.4 times aslong as broad 28. Tiphia dayi, new species

Erect vestiture white, tinged with yellow at apex of abdomen; firstabdominal segment 1.1-1.3 times as long as broad 52

52. Disk of first tergum 1.8 times as broad as median length, anterior two-thirds with quite scattered, very small punctures; propodeal areolamostly smooth on either side of median ridge, basal width subequal tolength; median ridge on posterior surface of propodeum present onlower half at most 27. Tiphia hirashimai, new species

Disk of first tergum 1.1 times as long as broad, anterior two-thirds withlarger, relatively closer punctures especially anteriorly and laterally;propodeal areola irregularly and finely rugulose on either side ofmedian ridge, basal width 0.9 times the length; median ridge onposterior surface of propodeum usually present on lower two-thirds 14. Tiphia nilgirensis Allen

53. Erect vestiture black, faded to brown in older specimens; punctationrelatively sparser, those on pronotal disk and mesopleuron frequentlyseparated from each other by 1 to several times the diameter of apuncture; first abdominal segment relatively slender, 1.3-1.4 times aslong as broad 28. Tiphia dayi, new species

Erect vestiture silvery, cinereous or light brown; punctation relativelydenser, many of those on pronotal disk and mesopleuron separated byno more than the diameter of a puncture; first abdominal segmentbroader, 1.1 times as long as broad. .29. Tiphia fennahi, new species


2. Tiphia coimbatorea Allen

Tiphia (Tiphia) coimbatorea Allen, 1975:14, pi. 2: fig. 9 [<J;Coimbatore, Madras State, South India; type in LeidenMuseum].

Allen described this species from a single malefrom Coimbatore, South India, 1400 ft. It is oneof the rarer species, known at this time also froma single female from Nilgiri Hills, South India,3400 ft, and one female and eight males fromwidely separated, scattered localities in the DryZone and Wet Zone of Sri Lanka from sea levelto an altitude of 2100 ft and average annualrainfall from 860 to 1950 mm.

The species is unique among Ceylonese andIndian Tiphia in having a strong transverse ridgeanteriorly on the disk of the first abdominaltergum.

FEMALE.—Length 7.1-8.0 mm. Black, mandi-ble except tip reddish, and occasionally the scapeand tarsi. Vestiture white. Wings slightly infu-mated, stigma black, veins amber.

Median lobe of clypeus narrow, rounded api-cally; front with moderately coarse, close punc-tures, no impunctate interspaces wider than anocellus except a narrow strip in front of foreocellus.

Pronotal disk with a weak anterior ridge, withmoderately coarse, confluent to subconfluentpunctures except on smooth apical strip; lateralsurface of pronotum with vague rugulae on lowerhalf, oblique median groove lacking; scutum withwell-developed notauli but no trace of an anteriorescarpment, punctures more separated than onpronotum; tegula slightly longer than wide,opaque, lacking marginal groove and shagreen-ing; mesopleuron with punctures separated bynearly the diameter of a puncture, the interspaceswith numerous minute punctures; fore and midtibiae not inflated; inner surface of hind tibiawith a large triangular, slightly impressed senso-rium; hind basitarsus not grooved on inner sur-face; propodeal areola with 3 strong carinae,basal width twice apical width and 0.6 times thelength, surface delicately roughened, areas adja-cent to areola delicately shagreened; lateral sur-

face of propodeum with close, weak oblique ru-gulae which are evanescent on lower anteriorarea; posterior surface without median ridge,finely punctate, more densely so laterally.

Disk of first abdominal tergum with stronganterior ridge, with coarse, mostly subconfluentpunctures and a subapical row of confluent punc-tures; pygidium punctate on basal half, withoutsmooth median vitta, apical half glossy andsmooth.

MALE.—Length 4.4-5.4 mm. Coloration andvestiture as in female but flagellum beneath,foretibia and all tarsi usually reddish, wings paler.

Mandible without preapical denticle; punc-tures on upper front weaker, more dispersed thanin female, smooth median vitta not well devel-oped; head width 1.4-1.5 times interocular dis-tance at anterior ocellus.

Pronotal disk with a strong anterior carinamargined posteriorly by many short ridges, sur-face mostly with small subconfluent puncturesexcept smooth posterior strip; lateral surface ofpronotum without oblique groove, with fine ir-regular wrinkles on lower half; notauli well de-veloped, but anterior escarpment lacking; tegulaas in female; mesopleuron with small punctures,mostly separated by less than the diameter of apuncture, interspaces smooth; inner surface ofhind tibia not ridged but with a smooth medianstreak terminating apically in a small, triangularnonimpressed sensorium; second submarginal cellextending as far apically as radial cell; propodealareola with 3 strong ridges, irregularly rugulose,basal width 1.6 times apical width and 0.8 timeslength, finely roughened laterad of areola andwith a strong sinuous carina parallel to lateralridge and curving around the spiracular area;posterior propodeal surface without median car-ina, punctate as in female; lateral propodeal sur-face with stronger, sparser rugulae than in female.

First abdominal tergum with a strong trans-verse ridge anteriorly, surface behind ridge withsparse coarse punctures anteriorly becomingcloser posteriorly; posterolateral process of fifthsternum erect, oriented mostly longitudinally;sixth sternum with a tuft of erect setae.

NUMBER 374 21

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTHERN PROVINCE.

Mannar District: 16*, Cashew Corp., Ma Villu,17-21 Feb, in Malaise trap, Krombein et al.(USNM).

NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District:26, Hunuwilagama, near Wilpattu, 200 ft, inMalaise trap, 28 Oct-3 Nov, Hevel et al.(USNM).

CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 16, Kandy,Udawattakele Sanct., 2100 ft, 9-13 Feb, in Ma-laise trap, Krombein et al. (USNM).

NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Puttalam District: \6,swamp 10 mi E Puttalam, 2 Feb, Brinck et al.(Lund).

UVA PROVINCE. Monaragala District: 26, Mau Ara,10 mi E Uda Walawe, 100 m, 24-26 Sep, Krom-bein et al. (USNM); 1 6, Angunakolapelessa,27-28 Mar, in Malaise trap, Krombein et al.(USNM).

SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Matara District: \6, nearDeniyaya, 1000 ft, in Malaise trap, 19-20 Oct,Hevel et al. (USNM). Hambantota District: \6,Palatupana tank, 15-50 ft, in Malaise trap, 18-20 Jan, Krombein et al. (USNM); 1$, VilapalaWewa, 9-10 Dec, Henry (Colombo).

3. Tiphia tegulita Allen

Ttphia (Tiphia) tegulita Allen, 1975:16, 17, pi. 2: figs. 10, 11[<?; Godavari, Katmandu, Nepal; holotype in CanadianEntomology Research Institute, Ottawa].

Tiphia (Tiphia) devalue Allen, 1975:61, 62 [$; Devala, NilgiriHills, South India, and Assam; holotype in Leiden Mu-seum]. [New synonymy.]

The sexes of T. tegulita have not been associatedpreviously. One male was captured with a femalein a Malaise trap in Sri Lanka in Ekgal AruSanctuary Jungle, a locality in which three othermales were taken previously. Both sexes haveelongate tegulae. Females of T. tegulita and T.decrescens Walker are unique in the Ceylonesefauna in having the propodeal areola quinque-carinate. Those of the former species are easilydistinguished from the latter by the elongatetegulae, entirely red legs and noninflated midand hind tibiae. The male of T. tegulita usually

has the legs except coxae red, the propodealareola is sometimes quinquecarinate, the poster-olateral process of the fifth abdominal sternum ishigh, curved, and overlies an invagination, andthe sixth sternum lacks a tuft of dense erect hair.

The species occurs in both the Wet Zone andthe Dry Zone in Sri Lanka and at altitudesranging from 100 to 600 meters. It is found alsoin South India, Nepal, and Assam.

FEMALE.—Length 6.0-8.0 mm. Black; mandi-ble except apex, scape, and flagellum at leastbeneath, tegula, and legs except coxae and occa-sionally hind tarsus, light red. Vestiture sparse,white with a slight yellowish tinge. Wings slightlyinfumated, stigma dark, veins amber.

Median lobe of clypeus narrow, apical marginslightly emarginate; head width 1.5 times inter-ocular distance at anterior ocellus; lower frontsubconfluently punctate, upper front moresparsely so and with at least 2 impunctate inter-spaces wider than an ocellus.

Anterior margin of pronotal disk with a weaktransverse ridge, discal punctures ranging fromsubconfluent to separated by the diameter of apuncture, wide apical margin impunctate; lateralpronotal surface usually with delicate, obliquemedian groove, delicately lineolate above andwith delicate rugulae in lower corner; notaulimeeting well-developed anterior escarpment, dis-cal scutal punctures sparse laterally, close medi-ally; tegula transparent, elongate, about 1.7 timesas long as median width; mesopleural punctationrather sparse, mostly separated by the diameterof a puncture or more; mid and hind tibiae notinflated; hind tibia not carinate on inner surface,sensorium subtriangular and impressed; hind bas-itarsus not grooved on inner surface; propodealareola quinquecarinate, basal width 1.5 timesapical width and 0.7 times length, surface adja-cent to areola with some small punctures; lateralsurface with close oblique carinae on upper pos-terior area, delicately irregularly lineolate onlower anterior section; posterior surface ratherdensely and minutely punctate, sometimes witha short median ridge at base.

Preapical band of punctures on first abdominal


tergum ranging from 1 to 2 punctures in widthacross middle; pygidium punctate on basal halfor two-fifths but with an impunctate medianspace posteriorly, apical half or more glossy.

MALE.—Length 4.2-5.5 mm. Black, the follow-ing light red: mandible in middle, usually flagel-lum beneath, posterior half or more of tegula,frequently legs except coxae, but mid tibia, hindfemur, and tarsi rarely brownish. Vestiture palewith slight yellowish cast. Wings clear, stigmaand veins dark brown.

Mandible with a faint preapical denticle; headwidth 1.6 times interocular distance at anteriorocellus; lower front with small confluent punc-tures, upper front with scattered punctures andmany impunctate interspaces wider than an ocel-lus.

Pronotal disk with a well-developed anteriorcarina behind which are a series of weak ridges,discal punctures subconfluent anteriorly, becom-ing sparser toward middle, the apical marginbroadly impunctate; lateral surface with weakoblique median groove which may be lack-ing, surface delicately obliquely lineolate; meso-pleural disk with most punctures separated by atleast the diameter of a puncture; tegula elongate,posterior half transparent, 1.8 times as long asmedian width; hind tibia not carinate on innersurface, sensorium small, narrow, slightly im-pressed; propodeal areola sometimes quinquecar-inate but middle pair not complete, basal width1.6-1.7 times apical width and 0.9-1.0 timeslength, surface adjacent to areola delicatelyroughened, lacking lateral submarginal carina;posterior surface with or without a short medianridge at base, with moderately close, small punc-tures; lateral surface with close, oblique weakcarinae on upper posterior section, irregularlylineolate anteriorly below.

First abdominal segment 1.4 times as long aswide, disk of first tergum glossy, with sparsescattered punctures, preapical concentration 2 to3 punctures wide; second tergum glossy; third tosixth segments shagreened and with small punc-tures separated by about the diameter of a punc-ture; posterolateral process of fifth sternum mod-

erately high, arcuate, and overlying an invagi-nation; sixth sternum without a tuft of denseerect hair.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—EASTERN PROVINCE. Am-parai District: 1$, 46*, Ekgal Aru Sanctuary Jungle,1 pair in Malaise trap, 100 m, 19-22 Feb, 9-11Mar, Krombein et al. (USNM).

CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 16*, Perade-niya, Mahaweli River, 22-24 Feb, Stubbs et al.(London); 26*, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary,1800 ft, 1-3 Oct, Krombein et al. (USNM).

SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Matara District: 19, Hayes,8 mi from Deniyaya, 28 Dec (Colombo).

4. Tiphia oswini Turner

FIGURES 42, 54

Tiphia oswini Turner, 1911:152 [$, 6; Pattipola and Matale,Ceylon; type series in British Museum (Natural History)except <5 syntype in Colombo Museum].—Allen andJaynes, 1930:102 [descriptive note].

Tiphia (Tiphia) oswiniburner.—Allen, 1969:391-393 [rede-scription of lectoholotype and lectoallotype]; 1975:14-16[redescription].

Tiphia oswini and the following two species, T.leclercqi, new species, and T. kaszabi, new species,are unique among the Ceylonese taxa with elon-gate tegulae, in that the tegulae are dark, opaque,and sometimes finely shagreened, rather thanbeing testaceous and transparent on at least theapical half and nonshagreened. Females areknown only in 71 oswini and T. leclercqi; the formerdiffers from the latter in lacking an interantennalcrest on the lower front and in having the anteriorescarpment of the scutum complete to the notauli.The males of T. oswini and T. leclercqi are larger(6.0 mm or longer) than those of T. kaszabi (5.8mm maximum length); T. oswini differs from T.leclercqi in lacking impunctate interspaces as largeas an ocellus on the upper front, the lower half ofthe lateral pronotal surface is strongly and closelyrugulose rather than having only a few weakerrugulae at most, and the clypeal lobe has avery shallowly emarginate apical margin withrounded lateral angles rather than being moredeeply emarginate and with more sharply angu-

NUMBER 374 23

late, upturned lateral angles. All three species aremontane forms occurring at altitudes of 4900 ftor more, T. oswini and T. kaszabi in the centralhighland areas centered around Nuwara Eliya,and T. leclercqi in the Adams Peak Range to thewest.

FEMALE.—Length 10.0-13.0 mm. Black, man-dible except base and apex and a small medianspot on disk on first abdominal tergum red. Ves-titure white. Wings lightly infumated, stigma andbasal veins dark, apical veins brown.

Head width 1.6 times interocular distance atanterior ocellus; median clypeal lobe with sub-truncate apex in middle, rounded toward side,width 1.8 times diameter of antennal fossa; lowerfront without median crest and with most punc-tures subcontiguous; upper front with more scat-tered punctures and several impunctate inter-spaces wider than an ocellus.

Pronotal disk without anterior ridge, puncturesanteriorly subcontiguous, posterior impunctatearea wider than anterior punctate section; lateralpronotal surface with strong oblique rugulae onlower two-thirds and a strong median groove;median escarpment of scutum complete to no-tauli, lateral third of scutum to notauli practicallyimpunctate; tegula opaque, faintly shagreened,1.8 times as long as median width; subalar patchof mesopleuron densely micropunctate and aswide as tegula; disk of mesopleuron with scatteredlarge and small punctures mostly separated bymore than the diameter of a puncture; mid andhind tibiae not inflated; inner surface of hindtibia with a low median ridge terminating in anelongate, nonimpressed sensorium; inner surfaceof hind basitarsus with a shallow median grooveabout a third as long as segment; propodealareola tricarinate, median carina sometimes weakand incomplete apically, quite narrow, basalwidth 1.2 times apical width and 0.4 times length,area laterad of areola irregularly lineolate, sub-marginal carina absent; posterior propodeal sur-face with a median ridge on lower half or two-thirds, surface with dense small punctures; lateralpropodeal surface with numerous fine oblique

carinae on posterior and upper areas, becomingobliquely lineolate on lower anterior area.

Preapical band on first abdominal tergum 1puncture in width, most punctures small andseparated by at least half the diameter of a punc-ture; pygidium punctate on basal half and witha narrow smooth median vitta posteriorly, theapical half shagreened.

MALE.—Length 6.5-9.5 mm. Black. Vestiturewhite to cinereous. Wings very faintly infumated,stigma and veins dark.

Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible with a preapicaldenticle; median lobe of clypeus slightly convex,apical margin slightly emarginate, lateral anglesrounded and not upturned; lower front with sub-contiguous punctures, median ridge lacking; up-per front with punctures more separated, but noimpunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with a medium transverse carinaanteriorly behind which are some short weaklongitudinal rugulae; lower half of lateral pro-notal surface with strong oblique rugulae; scutumwithout anterior escarpment; tegula (Figure 42)opaque, shagreened, twice as long as medianwidth; most punctures on mesopleural disk sepa-rated by about the width of a puncture; innersurface of hind tibia with a median ridge termi-nating in a slightly raised, narrow sensorium;marginal cell extending farther toward wing apexthan second submarginal; propodeal areola tri-carinate, median carina occasionally absent,basal width 1.5 times apical width and 0.8 timeslength, area adjacent to areola closely transverselylineolate, submarginal carina absent or weak andextending only to spiracular area; posterior pro-podeal surface with a weak median ridge on lowerhalf or two-thirds, surface very finely roughened;lateral propodeal surface with close obliquecarinae on posterior and upper sections, finelyobliquely lineolate on lower anterior area.

Dorsum of abdomen (Figure 54); first abdom-inal segment 1.5 times as long as wide; disk offirst tergum not carinate anteriorly, preapicalimpression 2 punctures in width except in middle;posterolateral process of fifth sternum moderately


raised, arcuate; sixth sternum without a tuft ofdense erect hair.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—CENTRAL PROVINCE. NU-

wara Eliya District: 99, 126*, Nuwara Eliya (in-cludes Galway Natural Reserve, One Tree Hill,Mt. Pidurutalagala), 1900 m, 6500-8200 ft, 2Jan, 14 Feb, 4 Mar, 28 Apr, 10, 27-29 May, 10Jun, 30-31 Jul, 28 Sep-1 Oct, 8 Oct, 21 Nov,Brinck et al., Davis et al., Hevel et al., Karunar-atne et al., Keiser, Krombein et al., Messersmithet al. (USNM, Colombo, Basel, Lund); 3$, 256\Hakgala (includes Botanic Garden, Natural Re-serve), 1650-1900 m, 6200 ft, 6-7, 23-25 Feb, 23-24 Apr, 31 May, 15, 24 Aug, 6-8 Oct, Henry,Keiser, Krombein et al. (USNM, Colombo,Basel); 1$, Kanda-ela Reservoir, 5.6 mi SW Nu-wara Eliya, 6200 ft, 10-21 Feb, Davis et al.(USNM); 29, 26*, Kandapola, 20-21 Sep, Henry(Colombo); 26*, Ohiya, 13-18 Apr, Henry (Col-ombo).

UVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 1$, 16*, Haputaleand West Haputale, 4900 and 6000 ft, 6 Apr, 2-7 Aug, Henry (Colombo).

MISCELLANEOUS. 2$, 46*, Ceylon, Nietner (Ber-

lin).

5. Tiphia leclercqi, new species

This species is known only from a short seriesfrom Adams Peak, 1530-1770 m, an area ofextremely heavy rainfall. It is closely related toT. oswini Turner and T. kaszabi, new species. Thefemale of T. leclercqi differs in having a strongmedian crest on the lower front and in having theanterior escarpment of the scutum present onlyin the middle. The males of T. leclercqi and 71oswini are larger (6.0 mm long or more) than thoseof T. kaszabi (5.8 mm maximum length). Themale of T. leclercqi has two interspaces on theupper front wider than an ocellus; these impunc-tate interspaces are lacking in T. oswini. Also, thelateral pronotal surface has only a few weakrugulae below instead of being strongly andclosely rugulose on the lower half, and the apicalmargin of the clypeal lobe is more deeply emar-

ginate, and the lateral angles are more acute andslightly upturned.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for JeanLeclercq, Institut Agronomique de l'Etat, Gem-bloux, Belgium, collaborator on Ceylonese Cra-broninae.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, Adams Peak trail, 4.5 mi WMaskeliya, 1690-1770 m, 20-21 Oct 1977, K.V.Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera, P.A.Panawatta (USNM Type 100259).

FEMALE.—Length 11.7 mm. Black, mandiblered except base and apex. Vestiture white. Wingsmore strongly infumated than in T. oswini, stigmaand veins dark.

Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; median lobe of clypeus 2.5times as wide as antennal fossa, apical margintruncate; lower front with strong median crestand mostly contiguous punctures; upper frontwith 2 impunctate interspaces wider than onocellus.

Pronotal disk without anterior ridge, puncturesanteriorly subcontiguous, posterior impunctatearea wider in middle than anterior punctate sec-tion; lateral pronotal surface with a strong me-dian groove and moderate oblique rugulae onlower section; anterior escarpment present onlyon median third of scutum, not reaching notauli;scutum punctate only on median third; tegulaopaque, not shagreened, 1.9 times as long asmedian width; subalar patch of mesopleurondensely micropunctate, as wide as tegula; punc-tation of mesopleural disk comparatively denserthan in T. oswini; mid and hind tibiae not in-flated; inner surface of hind tibia with a lowmedian ridge terminating in a large, subcircularnonimpressed sensorium; inner surface of hindbasitarsus with a shallow median groove abouthalf the length of segment; propodeal areola tri-carinate, the median carina very weak on apicalfourth, basal width twice apical width and halfthe length, surface adjacent to areola delicately,transversely lineolate, submarginal carina lack-ing; posterior propodeal surface with dense smallpunctures, median ridge lacking; lateral propo-

NUMBER 374 25

deal surface with numerous fine, oblique carinaeon upper and posterior sections, and close obliquelineolations on lower anterior section.

Preapical band on first abdominal tergum 1puncture wide, the punctures closer and largerthan in T. oswini; pygidium punctate on basalhalf and without smooth median space poste-riorly, apical half more coarsely shagreened thanin 71 oswini.

ALLOTYPE.—6, same data as holotype(USNM).

MALE.—Length 6.9 mm. Black. Vestiturewhite, tinged with yellowish toward apex of ab-domen. Wings faintly infumated, stigma andveins dark.

Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible with preapical den-ticle; median lobe of clypeus slightly convex,apical margin more deeply emarginate than in T.oswini, and lateral angles more angulate, slightlyupturned; lower front with subcontiguous punc-tures, median carina lacking; upper front with 2impunctate interspaces larger than an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with a medium transverse carinaanteriorly; lateral pronotal surface lacking a me-dian groove and with only a few oblique wrinkleson lower section; scutum without median escarp-ment; tegula opaque, delicately shagreened, 1.6times as long as median width; most punctureson mesopleural disk separated by somewhat morethan the diameter of a puncture; inner surface ofhind tibia with a median carina terminating in anarrow impressed sensorium; marginal cell ex-tending farther toward apex of wing than secondsubmarginal; propodeal areola tricarinate, me-dian carina evanescent toward apex, width atbase 1.1 times apical width and 0.6 times length,area adjacent to areola transversely lineolate, sub-marginal carina absent; posterior propodeal sur-face with weak radiating wrinkles which are bet-ter developed above than below; lateral propo-deal surface with close oblique carinae on poste-rior and upper areas and oblique lineolations onlower anterior area.

First abdominal segment 1.5 times as long aswide; disk of first tergum not carinate anteriorly,

preapical row of punctures 1 row wide acrossmiddle, 2 rows wide on sides; posterolateral proc-ess of fifth sternum low, arcuate; sixth sternumwithout median tuft of dense erect hair.

PARATYPES.—4c5, same data as holotype but 1at white light, 1530 m, and 3 at 1610-1690 m(USNM). One paratype has been deposited inthe National Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo),and one in the British Museum (Natural History).

The paratypes are 6.0-7.0 mm long and agreevery well with the allotype.

6. Tiphia kaszabi, new species

Tiphia kaszabi, known only from males, is mostclosely related to T. oswini Turner and T. leclercqi,new species, in having dark opaque tegulae ratherthan partly or entirely lighter, transparent tegulaeas in other Ceylonese species with elongate teg-ulae. Tiphia kaszabi is smaller (5.8 mm maximumlength) than its closest relatives (6.0 mm orlonger), and the preapical impression of the firstabdominal tergum has close, shallow elongategouges rather than rounded punctures. The spe-cies is known from only three specimens from theNuwara Eliya area.

ETYMOLOGY.—I am pleased to name this oddlittle species for Zoltan Kaszab, Hungarian Nat-ural History Museum, Budapest, collaborator onCeylonese Tenebrionidae.

HOLOTYPE.—6, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Nuwara Eliya District, Hakgala Natural Reserve,1650-1800 m, 23-25 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasoo-riya (USNM Type 100260).

MALE.—Length 5.6 mm. Black, apical half ofmandible and foretibia beneath red, foretibiaabove and fore and mid tarsi brown. Vestituresparse, weakly yellowish. Wings slightly infu-mated, stigma black, veins brown.

Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible with slight preapicaldenticle; emargination of apical margin of me-dian clypeal lobe intermediate between that of T.oswini and of T. leclercqi, lateral angles not up-turned but more angulate than in T. oswini: lower


part of front without median ridge, puncturessubcontiguous; upper part of front impunctateexcept small area beneath ocelli and along innereye margins where punctures are mostly sepa-rated by half or the diameter of a puncture.

Pronotal disk with an anterior carina behindwhich are a few weak, short rugulae, puncturesmostly separated by the diameter of a puncture,posterior area impunctate; lateral pronotal sur-face with a weak oblique median groove, weaklyrugulose on lower area; scutum without medianescarpment; tegula shagreened, opaque, 1.8 timesas long as median width; mesopleuron sparselypunctate, many punctures separated by twice thediameter of a puncture; inner surface of hindtibia without a median ridge or polished streak,sensorium not impressed; marginal cell extendingfarther toward apex of forewing than secondsubmarginal; propodeal areola tricarinate, basalwidth 1.2 times apical width and 0.7 times thelength, area adjacent to areola transversely lineo-late, submarginal carina not extending beyondspiracular area; lateral propodeal surface deli-cately obliquely rugulose on posterior and upperareas, obliquely lineolate on the lower anteriorsection; posterior propodeal surface without me-dian carina, lower half very finely transverselyrugulose, upper half delicately shagreened.

First abdominal segment 1.5 times as long aswide; disk of first tergum not ridged anteriorly,virtually impunctate, preapical impression withshort, delicate, close gouges rather than punc-tures; posterolateral process of fifth sternum short,low, arcuate with a small depression adjacent toinner edge; sixth sternum without erect mediantuft of dense hair.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPES.—16*, same data as holotype(USNM); 16\ Nuwara Eliya, Galway NaturalReserve, 6200 ft, 10 Jun 1978, P.B. Karunaratne,V. Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM). Oneparatype has been placed in the National Mu-seums of Sri Lanka (Colombo).

The paratypes are 4.5-5.8 mm long. Thepreapical mandibular denticle is eroded on onespecimen, and the other specimen lacks a propo-

deal areola, and there are only a few obliquerugulae on the lateral surface of the propodeum.

7. Tiphia sakagamii, new species

The female of this species is distinguished fromother species with elongate tegulae except T.moczari, new species, by a combination of thetricarinate propodeal areola, short groove on in-ner surface of hind basitarsus, front without me-dian crest, and legs entirely light red except coxae.The front is more densely punctate than in T.moczari, as is the mesopleural disk, the submar-ginal carina of the dorsal surface of the propo-deum is complete and curves around the spira-cular area, and the subapical punctation of thefirst abdominal tergum is mostly two puncturesin width. The male of T. sakagamii lacks a tuft ofdense erect hair on the sixth abdominal sternumand a frontal carina, the tibiae and tarsi areusually red and occasionally the femora also, andthe tegula is glossy, transparent, and testaceouson the apical half.

Tiphia sakagamii occurs only in Sri Lanka andhas been collected at several localities in the DryZone.

The species is named for my colleague ShoichiF. Sakagami, Hokkaido University, collaboratoron Ceylonese Halictinae and Meliponinae.

HOLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Eastern Province,Trincomalee District, Kanniyai, 15 m, 10 Oct1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fer-nando, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera (USNMType 100261).

FEMALE.—Length 5.8 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except apex, antenna, tegulaand legs except coxae; posterior margin of pro-notal disk and apex of pygidium testaceous. Ves-titure white with faint yellowish tinge. Wingsslightly infumated, veins near base amber, stigmaand veins toward apex brown.

Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; lower front without mediancrest, most of punctures separated by half thediameter of a puncture, upper half of front withmany punctures separated by no more than the

NUMBER 374 27

diameter of a puncture but with several inter-spaces wider than an ocellus.

Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, ante-rior area contiguously punctate, punctures moreseparated across middle, and apical third smooth;lateral pronotal surface weakly lineolate and witha moderate oblique median furrow; notauli welldeveloped, but anterior escarpment lacking onscutum; mesopleuron with many punctures sep-arated by the diameter of a puncture but somecloser, especially posteriorly; tegula 1.7 times aslong as broad in middle, posterior half transpar-ent; mid and hind tibiae not inflated, inner sur-face of latter with a polished median ridge; hindbasitarsus on inner surface with a median grooveabout half as long as segment; basal width ofpropodeal areola 1.5 times apical width and 0.6times the length; submarginal carina of dorsalpropodeal surface ending at spiracle, surface toareola delicately, transversely lineolate; posteriorpropodeal surface with small punctures, medianridge evancescent; lateral propodeal surface withclose oblique carinae on posterior upper two-thirds, lower anterior third obliquely lineolate.

Preapical band of punctures on first abdominaltergum 2 punctures wide; pygidium punctate onbasal half with a small smooth median area pos-teriorly, posterior half glossy.

ALLOTYPE.—<5, Eastern Province, Amparai Dis-trict, Ekgal Aru Reservoir Jungle, 100 m, 19-22Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P.Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM).

MALE.—Length 4.7 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except tip, antenna beneath,basal half of tegula, legs except coxae; posteriormargin of pronotal disk and apical half of tegulatestaceous. Vestiture white, tinged with yellowishon abdomen. Wings clear, stigma dark, veinsbrown.

Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible without preapicaldenticle; median lobe of clypeus flat, apex trun-cate; lower half of front without median carina,punctures separated at most by half the diameterof a puncture; upper part of front with scatteredpunctures except along eye margins where they

are denser, and with several impunctate areas aswide as an ocellus or more.

Dorsal pronotal disk with strong anterior ridgebehind which are some scattered short longitu-dinal rugulae, punctures separated by half ormore the diameter of a puncture, apical stripsmooth; lateral surface of pronotum with a weakoblique median groove, upper surface delicatelyobliquely lineolate, lower surface with a fewoblique rugulae; notauli distinct but no anteriorescarpment, punctures anteriorly separated byhalf or more the diameter of a puncture, subcon-tiguous posteriorly; tegula 1.8 times as long asmedian width; mesopleuron irregularly punctate,with density varying from 1 to several times thediameter of a puncture; marginal cell extendingfarther toward apex of forewing than secondsubmarginal cell; inner surface of hind tibia witha strong median ridge terminating in a small,narrow impressed sensorium; propodeal areolatricarinate, basal width 1.6 times apical widthand 0.8 times the length, area adjacent to areolaobliquely lineolate, submarginal carina curvingaround spiracular area; lateral propodeal surfaceobliquely and closely rugulose on upper and pos-terior two-thirds, obliquely lineolate on loweranterior third; posterior propodeal surface irreg-ularly and finely lineolate, median ridge lacking.

First abdominal segment 1.2 times as long aswide, disk of first tergum without anterior ridge,scattered small punctures on anterior half, pos-terior half smooth except preapical impressed row2 punctures wide; first 2 terga glossy, third tosixth dull, finely shagreened and with small punc-tures separated by 1 to 2 times the diameter of apuncture; posterolateral process of fifth sternumlow, slightly arcuate, mostly longitudinally ori-ented and adjacent to a small shallow depressionalong inner edge; sixth sternum without a tuft oferect dense hair.

PARATYPES. NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anumd-

hapura District: Ic5, Ritigala Natural Reserve, 8 miNW Habarana, 8 Feb 1962, swept on grass inforest, Brinck, Andersson, Cederholm (Lund).EASTERN PROVINCE. Tnncomalee District: 1$, Trin-comalee, China Bay Ridge bungalow, 0-100 ft.


in Malaise trap, 16-17 May 1976, K.V. Krom-bein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya(USNM); 1°, Trincomalee, M.A. Humbert (Ge-neva). Amparai Dstrict: 1$, 336*, same data asallotype (USNM). NORTHERN PROVINCE. VavuniyaDistrict: Vavuniya, 18 Dec 1923, G.M. Henry(Colombo), 16* is excluded from the type seriesbecause the head is lacking. A pair of paratypeshas been deposited in the National Museums ofSri Lanka (Colombo), and a male paratype in theBritish Museum (Natural History).

Female paratypes are 6.1-6.5 mm long andagree well with the holotype in all essential de-tails. Male paratypes are 3.8-5.1 mm long. Mostmales have the legs except coxae light red, butsome specimens have brownish femora. Thepunctation is relatively less dense in some speci-mens, especially on upper front and mesopleuron,and somewhat more dense in a few.

8. Tiphia knutsoni, new species

The female of T. knutsoni is separated from theclosely related T. hillyardi, new species, and T.bouceki, new species, by the infumated rather thanlight or deep-yellow wings. All three species havea strong frontal crest above antennae which dis-tinguishes them from most other females withelongate tegulae. The male of T. knutsoni is theonly one with elongate tegulae that also has a tuftof dense erect hair on the sixth abdominal ster-num.

Both sexes of T. knutsoni key to T. tegelonga Allenin Allen's (1975) keys to Tiphia of the Indiansubcontinent; however, the female of the latterspecies lacks a frontal crest, the punctures aresmaller and much sparser on the head, pronotum,and mesopleuron, and the scutal escarpment andnotauli are not connected. The male of T. tegelongaalso is more sparsely punctate on the head, pro-notum, and mesopleuron, and the stigma is two-thirds as long as the section of the costa beyondthe stigma instead of only half as long.

Within Sri Lanka, T. knutsoni has been collectedonly in Udawattakele Sanctuary, Kandy, and

Sinharaja Jungle in the Wet Zone. It occurs alsoin the Walayar Forest, South India.

ETYMOLOGY.—I am pleased to name this spe-cies for Lloyd V. Knutson, Insect Identificationand Beneficial Insect Introduction Institute, U.S.Department of Agriculture, who has identifiedbrachycerous Diptera prey of various Ceylonesesphecoid wasps.

HOLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu-ary, 2100 ft, 20-30 Jul 1976, S. Karunaratne(USNM Type 100262).

FEMALE.—Length 8.8 mm. Black, the followingred: mandible except base and apex, first 4 flag-ellar segments beneath, and foretibia beneath;apical margin of pronotal disk and apex of tegulatestaceous. Vestiture white, faintly tinged withyellowish on head and thorax. Forewing moder-ately infumated, stigma and veins brown.

Head width 1.6 times interocular distance atfore ocellus; median lobe of clypeus 1.2 timesdiameter of antennal fossa, apex truncate; lowerfront with a well-developed median crest andcontiguous coarse punctures becoming sparser onupper front where they are separated from eachother by half the diameter of a puncture, noimpunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus.

Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, punc-tures coarse and contiguous to separated by aboutthe diameter of a puncture toward middle andside, apical third smooth; lateral surface of pro-notum with a moderate oblique median groove,finely lineolate above and finely rugulose below;notauli meeting well-developed median escarp-ment, scutum with scattered large pits laterally;tegula 1.9 times as long as median width, apicalthird transparent; mesopleural disk with subcon-tiguous punctures anteriorly becoming more sep-arated in middle, posterior slope with numeroustiny punctures; mid and hind tibiae not inflated,inner surface of hind with a median ridge termi-nating in a subtriangular nonimpressed senso-rium; hind basitarsus with a groove about one-third as long as segment; basal width of propodealareola 1.1 times apical width and 0.5 times thelength, the median carina extending only four-

NUMBER 374 29

fifths toward apex, submarginal carina straight,extending only to spiracle; posterior propodealsurface with small close punctures and a weakmedian ridge on lower half, and larger closepunctures on upper third; lateral propodeal sur-face with numerous fine oblique rugulae on upperposterior two-thirds, lower anterior third finelylineolate.

Anterior half of disk of first tergum with punc-tures separated by about the diameter of a punc-ture, apical half very sparsely punctate, subapicalrow 1 puncture in width; terga glossy, not sha-greened; anterior half of pygidium punctate andwith a small posterior smooth median area, pos-terior half very delicately shagreened.

ALLOTYPE.—6*, same locality as holotype but9-11 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar-atne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawar-dane (USNM).

MALE.—Length 5.7 mm. Coloration and ves-titure as in female, but wings clear, apical thirdof tegula testaceous.

Head width 1.6 times interocular distance atanterior ocellus; mandible without preapical den-ticle; clypeal lobe flat, apex slightly emarginate;lower front with median carina, punctures con-fluent to subconfluent, upper front delicately sha-greened, punctures separated by about the di-ameter of a puncture, no impunctate interspacesas wide as an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with an anterior ridge behindwhich are a number of short longitudinal rugulae,punctures mostly separated by about the diame-ter of a puncture, apical fourth smooth; lateralsurface of pronotum with a weak, oblique mediangroove, upper area delicately lineolate, lower cor-ner roughened; notauli distinct but no medianescarpment, punctures confluent posteriorly onscutum but separated by at least half the diameterof a puncture anteriorly; tegula 1.8 times as longas median width; mesopleuron with puncturescrowded anteriorly and separated usually by thewidth of a puncture or more on disk; inner surfaceof hind tibia with a median carina; marginal cellextending farther toward apex than second sub-marginal; basal width of propodeal areola 1.4

times apical width and 0.8 times length, submar-ginal carina curving around spiracular area, sur-face adjacent to areola finely transversely lineo-late; posterior propodeal surface without medianridge, glossy, upper area with scattered punctures;lateral propodeal surface with fine, close obliquerugulae on upper posterior two-thirds, finely li-neolate on lower anterior third.

First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long aswide; disk of first tergum without anterior ridge,with scattered small punctures, the preapical row2 punctures in width; third to sixth terga deli-cately shagreened; posterolateral process of fifthsternum low, curved, overlying a small invagi-nation; sixth sternum with an erect tuft of densehair.

PARATYPES.—CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District:1$, Kandy, Roseneath, 29 Nov 1953, F. Reiser(Basel); 1$, ld\ Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary,2100 ft, 5-15 Jul 1976 (?) and 20-30 Jul 1976(<5), S. Karunaratne (USNM). SABARAGAMUWA

PROVINCE. Ratnapura District: 2<5, Sinharaj a Jungle,Waturawa Forest, 7 Oct 1981, P.B. Karunaratne(USNM). SOUTH INDIA. S. Malabar: 1$, Walayar

Forest, Aug 1952, P.S. Nathan (Corvallis). A pairof paratypes has been deposited in the NationalMuseums of Sri Lanka (Colombo).

Female paratypes are 7.1-8.6 mm long. Twoof them have the typically narrow propodealareola, but in one from Roseneath the basal widthis twice the apical width. The male paratypes are5.6-6.5 mm long, the median frontal carina isevanescent or absent, and the flagellum andforetibia beneath and the foretarsus may be lightred.

9. Tiphia hillyardi, new species

The female of T. hillyardi is readily distin-guished by the elongate tegula, light red mandi-ble, antenna, tegula, and legs except coxae, bythe strongly yellowish wings, and by the stronginterantennal crest. The male is similar exceptthat the flagellum is darkened above, the wingsare clear, and the interantennal crest is reducedto a carina.


Tiphia hillyardi is a rare species known fromonly five specimens from three localities in theWet Zone.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for PaulD. Hillyard, Department of Zoology, British Mu-seum (Natural History), in grateful acknowledg-ment of his identification of the spider prey of anumber of Ceylonese Pompilidae.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 27-28Oct 1972, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM Type100263).

FEMALE.—Length 7.5 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible, antenna, tegula, legs exceptcoxae, and apex of pygidium; apical margin ofpronotal disk testaceous. Vestiture yellowish.Wings strongly yellow, stigma and veins amber.

Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; median clypeal lobe narrow,margin truncate; lower front with strong inter-antennal crest and coarse contiguous punctures,becoming sparser on upper front and separatedby about half the diameter of a puncture, noimpunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus.

Pronotum not ridged anteriorly, disk withcoarse contiguous punctures, apical third smooth;lateral pronotal surface with an oblique mediangroove, above with a few punctures anteriorly,below with weak oblique rugulae; notauli dis-tinct, anterior escarpment lacking, disk withcoarse contiguous punctures; tegula 1.8 times aslong as median width; mesopleuron with coarseconfluent to subconfluent punctures, interspaceswithout minute punctures; mid and hind tibiaenot inflated; inner surface of hind tibia with amedian polished streak terminating in a subtrian-gular, nonimpressed sensorium; inner surface ofhind basitarsus with a groove on median third;basal width of propodeal areola 1.9 times apicalwidth and 0.6 times the length, side of dorsalsurface with an almost straight submarginal car-ina; posterior propodeal surface with irregularshallow pits, median ridge lacking; lateral surfacewith close oblique rugulae on upper posteriortwo-thirds, finely lineolate on lower anteriorthird.

Disk of first tergum with coarse round punc-tures laterally, preapical row of punctures 1 rowwide in middle; sides and anterior area of secondtergum with coarse, confluent elongate pits; thirdto fifth terga with subconfluent smaller puncturesand shiny interspaces; pygidium punctate onbasal half and no impunctate median space pos-teriorly, apical half glossy.

ALLOTYPE.—6*, Sri Lanka, SabaragamuwaProvince, Ratnapura District, Gilimale, Indu-ruwa Jungle, 7-8 Mar 1979, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane,L. Jayawickrema (USNM).

MALE.—Length 4.9 mm. Color as in femaleexcept flagellum infuscated above. Vestiturepaler yellow. Wings clear, stigma and veins darkbrown except amber at extreme base.

Head width 1.7 times interocular distance atanterior ocellus; mandible without a preapicaldenticle; clypeal lobe flat, apex truncate; frontwith median carina on lower half and subcon-fluent punctures; upper front shagreened, moresparsely punctate with several interspaces widerthan an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge be-hind which are a number of short longitudinalrugulae, the disk moderately sparsely punctateexcept laterally, posterior half to third impunc-tate; lateral pronotal surface with a very weakmedian oblique groove, above delicately lineo-late, below delicately rugulose; notauli distinct,but no median escarpment, most of discal punc-tures separated by half or more the diameter ofa puncture; tegula elongate, 1.5 times as long asmedian width; mesopleuron with punctures an-teriorly separated by more than the diameter ofa puncture and becoming sparser posteriorly;inner surface of hind tibia with a longitudinalcarina; marginal cell extending well beyond sec-ond submarginal; propodeal areola with basalwidth 1.3 times apical width and 0.8 times length,surface laterad of areola delicately lineolate andwith a strong curved submarginal carina; poste-rior propodeal surface without a median ridge,finely lineolate on lower half, with a few scatteredpunctures on upper half.

NUMBER 374 31

First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long aswide, disk of tergum without anterior ridge, sur-face impunctate except laterally, preapical rowimpressed, 1 puncture wide; third to sixth tergashagreened and with small punctures separatedby at least twice the width of a puncture; poster-olateral process of fifth sternum moderately high,curved; sixth sternum without median tuft ofdense erect hair.

PARATYPES.—19, same locality as holotype but2100 ft, 9-13 Feb 1975, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, P. Fernando, S. Karunaratne(USNM); 1$, Kandy, 1 Jan 1931, G.M. Henry(Colombo), SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. KegallciDistrict: 19, Kitulgala, Bandarakele Jungle, 17-18Mar 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T.Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, T. Gunawardane(USNM). A second female paratype has beendeposited in the National Museums of Sri Lanka(Colombo).

The three paratypes are very similar to theholotype in all essential details and are 7.5-8.0mm long.

10. Tiphia bouceki, new species

The female of T. bouceki is one of three specieswith elongate tegulae and a strong median creston the lower front above the antennae. It differsfrom T. hillyardi, new species, in lacking stronglyyellowish wings and in having dark antenna,tegula, and legs rather than light red. The light-yellow wings with amber veins and propodealareola strongly narrowed posteriorly separate T.bouceki from 71 knutsoni, new species, which hasinfumated wings with light-brown veins and apropodeal areola with apical width only slightlyless than basal width. The male of 71 bouceki lacksa tuft of dense erect hair on the sixth abdominalsternum, which separates it from 71 knutsom. Ithas a median carina on the lower front as does 71hillyardi, but it differs from that species in havingonly the fore and mid tibiae and tarsi red andthe first abdominal tergum with the subapicalimpressed area two punctures in width.

Tiphia bouceki occurs primarily in the Dry Zone

in Sri Lanka, but it occasionally enters the WetZone at moderate altitudes with medium rainfall.It occurs also in the Walayar Forest of SouthIndia. Three females and one male from Vavu-niya were identified as 71 decrescens Walker byTurner.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for ZdenekBoucek, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology,London, our valued collaborator on CeyloneseChalcidoidea.

HOLOTYPE.—6*, Sri Lanka, North Central Prov-ince, Anuradhapura District, Ritigala NaturalReserve, 24-25 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, T.Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, L. Jayawickrema, V.Gunawardane (USNM Type 100264).

MALE.—Length 4.5 mm. Black, the followingred: mandible except base and apex, flagellumbeneath, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi; posteriormargin of pronotum and apical half of tegulatestaceous, the latter transparent. Vestiture ciner-eous with a yellowish cast on apical abdominalsegments. Wings slightly infumated beyond veins,stigma dark, veins light brown.

Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible with a small preap-ical denticle; median lobe of clypeus flat, apexslightly emarginate; lower front with a mediancarina and subcontiguous punctures; upper frontshagreened and with 2 impunctate interspaces aswide as an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with a strong sharp anterior ridgebehind which are a number of short longitudinalrugulae, disk with punctures separated by aboutthe width of a puncture except laterally wherethe interspaces are half the width, apical stripimpunctate; lateral pronotal surface with acurved median groove, upper area with obliquelineolations, lower surface with weak oblique ru-gulae; notauli distinct, but median escarpmentlacking, scutum subcontiguously punctate; tegula1.6 times as long as median width; anterior halfof mesopleuron with most punctures separated bythe diameter of a puncture or less, posterior halfwith more separated punctures; marginal cellextending well beyond second submarginal; innersurface of hind tibia with a longitudinal carina;


propodeal areola tricarinate, basal width 1.8times apical width and 1.2 times the length,surface laterad of areola shagreened, submarginalcarina strong, curved around spiracular area;posterior propodeal surface delicately roughened;upper and posterior areas of lateral propodealsurface closely, obliquely rugulose, lower anteriorarea obliquely lineolate.

First abdominal segment 1.2 times as long aswide, disk of first tergum without anterior ridge,preapical impression 2 punctures wide; third tosixth terga delicately shagreened, the third andfourth with small punctures separated by severaltimes the diameter of a puncture, latter 2 tergamore closely punctate; posterolateral process offifth sternum low, arcuate; sixth sternum withouttuft of dense erect hair.

ALLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Northern Province,Vavuniya District, Vavuniya, 18 Dec 1923, G.M.Henry (London).

FEMALE.—Length 7.0 mm. Black, the followingreddish: mandible except tip, flagellum beneath,apical margin of pronotum, posterior half of teg-ula, fore and mid tarsi. Wings light yellowish,veins amber. Vestiture white.

Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; median clypeal lobe narrow,margin truncate; lower front with strong inter-antennal crest and coarse contiguous puncturesbecoming sparser on upper front but with noimpunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus.

Pronotum not ridged anteriorly, puncturescoarse and subcontiguous, posterior half of diskimpunctate; lateral pronotal surface with curvedmedian groove, scattered punctures on upperarea, obliquely lineolate and with a few punctureson lower area; notauli distinct and meeting com-plete median escarpment, disk of scutum withcoarse contiguous punctures; tegula 1.7 times aslong as median width, posterior half transparent;anterior half of mesopleuron contiguously punc-tate, posterior half with moderately dense, finepunctures, subalar patch with large puncturesonly; mid and hind tibiae not inflated; innersurface of hind tibia with a median ridge termi-nating in a flat rounded sensorium; hind basitar-

sus with a median groove about half as long assegment; propodeal areola tricarinate, basalwidth 1.4 time apical width and 0.6 times length,area laterad of areola delicately roughened, sub-marginal carina extending only to spiraculararea; posterior propodeal surface with close min-ute punctures, median carina lacking; lateral sur-face of propodeum with close oblique rugulae onposterior and upper areas, lower anterior areafinely obliquely lineolate.

Disk of first abdominal tergum with coarsesubconfluent punctures laterally, impressedsubapical row I puncture in width across middle;sides and anterior area of second tergum withcoarse, confluent elongate pits; third to fifth tergawith subconfluent smaller punctures and shinyinterspaces; pygidium confluently punctate onbasal half and without a median impunctatearea, posterior half glossy.

PARATYPES.—2$, 16\ same data as allotype(Colombo, London); 206*, same data as holotype,1 in Malaise trap (USNM). NORTH CENTRAL PROV-

INCE. Polonnaruwa District: 16\ Hingurakgoda, 20Dec 1953, F. Keiser (Basel), CENTRAL PROVINCE.

Kandy District: 1<5, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu-ary, 26-30 Jul 1978, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijes-inhe, V. Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM);1<5, same locality but 1800 ft, 1-3 Sep 1980, K.V.Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L.Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM). UVAPROVINCE. Monaragala District: 16*, Angunakolape-lessa, 27-28 Mar 1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wi-jesinhe, L. Weeratunge (USNM). SOUTH INDIA. S.Malabar: 16\ Walayar Forest, Jul 1957, P.S. Na-than (Corvallis). One female, from Pulilankulam,Vavuniya District, Jan 1913 (Colombo), is ex-cluded from the type series because the head islacking. Male paratypes have been deposited inthe National Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo),and one female paratype has been deposited inthe National Museum of Natural History, Smith-sonian Institution.

Male paratypes are 4.3-5.3 mm long; theyagree well with the holotype, except that thepreapical mandibular denticle has been erodedin some specimens, and the punctation of some

NUMBER 374 33

smaller specimens is comparatively sparser. Thetwo female paratypes are 6.6 and 7.3 mm longand agree very well with the allotype in all essen-tial details.

11. Tiphia moczari, new species

This montane species is known only from ashort series of females from the area around Nu-wara Eliya in the Central Highlands. It shareswith T. sakagamii, new species, the distinction ofbeing the only small female with elongate tegulaethat are transparent on the apical half, in havingthe legs light red except for the coxae, and inlacking a median crest on the lower front. Tiphiamoczari is more sparsely punctate than T. sakaga-mii, having only a few scattered punctures on theupper front and on the mesopleural disk. It ispresumed that the male will have similar colora-tion and also the very sparse punctation that ischaracteristic of some other montane species suchas T. pulawskii, new species, and T. dayi, newspecies.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for LaszloMoczar, Szeged University, Hungary, collabora-tor on Mesitiinae (Bethylidae) and Ceropalinae(Pompilidae).

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Nuwara Eliya District, Hakgala Natural Reserve,1650-1800 m, 23-25 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasoo-riya (USNM Type 100265).

FEMALE.—Length 7.5 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except tip, median lobe ofclypeus, scape, pedicel, first flagellar segment,remainder of flagellum beneath, posterior marginof pronotal disk, tegula, legs except coxae, andapical half of pygidium. Vestiture with a slightyellowish cast. Wings lightly infumated, veinsamber on basal half, light brown on apical halfas is the stigma.

Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; median clypeal lobe narrow,slightly convex, apex truncate; lower front with-out median ridge, punctures subcontiguous toseparated by about the diameter of a puncture;

upper front with a few scattered punctures belowocellar triangle and subcontiguous puncturesalong inner eye margin, otherwise impunctate.

Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, punc-tures on anterior half of disk relatively large,subcontiguous to separated by the diameter of apuncture, posterior half of disk impunctate inmiddle; lateral pronotal surface with a weak,slightly curved median groove, obliquely lineolateon upper area, with some weak rugulae on lowerarea; anterior escarpment present only on medianhalf of scutum, not reaching notauli, center ofdisk with moderately large contiguous punctures;tegula transparent on apical half, 1.8 times aslong as median width; subalar patch of mesopleu-ron with dense minute punctures anteriorly andsmall scattered ones posteriorly, mesopleural diskwith scattered punctures mostly separated by 2or more times the diameter of a puncture; midand hind tibiae not inflated; inner surface of hindtibia without a median ridge; hind basitarsuswith a groove on median half of inner surface;propodeal areola tricarinate, median carina pres-ent only on basal two-thirds, basal width 1.2times apical width and 0.4 times the length, arealaterad of carina very delicately transversely li-neolate, submarginal carina straight, extendingonly to spiracular area; posterior surface of pro-podeum with a median ridge on basal fourth, thesurface delicately roughened and micropunctate;lateral propodeal surface with close weak obliquerugulae on upper and posterior areas and obliquelineolations on lower anterior area.

First abdominal tergum without an anteriorridge, preapical impression consisting of smallshallow subcontiguous pits, 1 pit wide; anteriorhalf of pygidium closely punctate and with asmall median impunctate space posteriorly, theposterior half smooth.

MALE.—Unknown.PARATYPES.—19, same locality as holotype but

6-7 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar-atne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawar-dane (USNM); 3$, Galway Natural Reserve, Nu-wara Eliya, 6200 ft, 10 Jun 1978, P.B. Karunar-atne, V. Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM);


1$, Nuwara Eliya, 27-29 May 1975, D.H. Mes-sersmith, G.L. Williams, P.B. Karunaratne(USNM). Paratypes have been deposited in theNational Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo) andin the British Museum (Natural History).

The paratypes are 6.5-7.3 mm long and agreein most details with the holotype. The mediancarina of the propodeal areola may be longer butit is never complete, and the ridge on the posteriorpropodeal surface may occur on the apical third.

12. Tiphia tsunekii, new species

This species is known only from the unique,newly emerged female holotype from AdamsPeak, an area of very heavy rainfall. The speci-men was resting quietly on a leaf of an herbaceousplant, probably waiting for a male to mate withher.

The female of T. tsunekii is readily recognizedby a combination of the large size, short tegula,light red legs, nonsulcate hind basitarsus, inflatedmid and hind tibiae, and moderately infumatedwings. It is closest to T. gurneyi, new species, insize, dense punctation of head and thoracic dor-sum, and inflated mid and hind tibiae but differsin having lighter red legs, suberect golden pubes-cence on head and thoracic dorsum, and in pos-sessing a median carina on the propodeal areola.

ETYMOLOGY.—I am pleased to name this hand-some species for my good friend and respectedcolleague Professor Katsuji Tsuneki of Mishima,Japan.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, Adams Peak Trail, 4.5 mi W ofMaskeliya, 1610-1690 m, 21 Oct 1977, K.V.Krombein (USNM Type 100266).

FEMALE.—Length 10.0 mm. Black, glossy,mandible except tip, apex of median lobe ofclypeus, scape, and pedicel medium red, the fol-lowing light red: narrow posterior margin of pro-notal disk, tegula, legs except coxae, and apex ofpygidium. Forewing moderately infumated,stigma and veins amber. Vestiture of head andthoracic dorsum golden.

Head 1.2 times as wide as high, and 1.6 times

interocular distance at anterior ocellus; mandiblewith a weak preapical denticle; frontal crest lack-ing, punctation of front and vertex coarse, mostlycontiguous, front with short, very narrow im-punctate strip below anterior ocellus; flagellummoderately stout, segments all longer than broad,first 3 segments 3.8 times as long as greatestwidth.

Pronotal disk with discrete but not strong an-terior ridge, coarsely and contiguously punctateexcept for narrow apical strip broader in middle;lateral surface of pronotum practically impunc-tate above oblique groove, a few small punctures,but no trace of rugulae below groove; scutumcontiguously punctate between notauli which ex-tend anteriorly to sharp escarpment; tegula asbroad as long, transparent so wing bases can beseen, without marginal groove, surface faintlyshagreened; mesopleuron with anterior slopefinely and densely punctate, subtegular area withdense small punctures and scattered larger ones,disk with scattered moderate-sized punctures;dorsal surface of propodeum glossy except ante-rior half laterad of areola dull and shagreened,areola with well-developed median carina, basalwidth half the length and 1.5 times apical width,lateral area without sinuous carina between ar-eola and carinate margin; upper part of lateralsurface of propodeum with sparser oblique rugu-lae than in T. gurneyi, new species, lower areadelicately shagreened and with some minutepunctures on posterior third; posterior surface ofpropodeum with moderately dense, minute punc-tures except laterally where they are larger, me-dian carina present only at extreme apex; midand hind tibiae inflated, 2.7 times as long asbroad; sensorium on inner surface of hind tibiacircular, not impressed; hind basitarsus withoutlongitudinal groove on inner surface.

First abdominal tergum without anterior car-ina, disk with scattered small punctures, preapicalrow of punctures weakly impressed, close, mostly1 puncture in width; base of second tergumgrooved with weak, short longitudinal rugulae onlateral third; second and third terga with scat-tered small punctures, each with a preapical,

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nonimpressed row of closer punctures; pygidiumdelicately shagreened, basal half with moderatelylarge punctures and impunctate median strip,apical half smooth.

MALE.—Unknown.

13. Tiphia gurneyi, new species

The female is close to T. tsunekii, new species,and shares with it the large size, dense punctationof head and thoracic dorsum, short tegula, non-sulcate hind basitarsus, and inflated mid andhind tibiae. It differs from T. tsunekii in havingonly mid and hind femora and tibiae red ratherthan all legs except coxae, somewhat more infu-mated wings, a broader propodeal areola some-times lacking the median carina, and in havingcinereous rather than golden pubescence on headand thoracic dorsum.

The putative male of T. gurneyi also is large, hascoarse punctation on head and thoracic dorsum,dark legs, lacks a tuft of erect hairs on sixthsternum, has a median ridge on hind tibia, anda weak subapical denticle on inner edge of man-dible.

The holotype, allotype, and paratype femaleand most paratype males are from localities inthe Wet Zone, but one paratype male is from theDry Zone.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for AshleyB. Gurney, a valued colleague for many years, towhom I am particularly grateful for numerousidentifications of orthopterous prey of solitarywasps.

HOLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Southern Province,Galle District, Kanneliya, Sinharaja Jungle, 13-16 Aug 1972, K.V. Krombein and P.B. Karunar-atne (USNM Type 100267).

FEMALE.—Length 12.0 mm. Black, glossy, midand hind femora medium red, the followingdarker red: mandible except apex, margin oftegula, forefemur and tibia beneath, mid andhind tibiae, and apex of pygidium. Forewingmoderately infuscated, stigma black, veins brown.Vestiture of head and thoracic dorsum cinereous.

35

Head 1.3 times as wide as high and 1.8 timesinterocular distance at anterior ocellus; mandiblewithout preapical denticle (possibly eroded?);frontal crest lacking; punctation of front andvertex coarse, mostly contiguous, front with veryshort, narrow smooth strip below anterior ocellus;flagellum moderately stout, first three flagellarsegments 3.9 times as long as greatest width.

Pronotal disk with discrete but not strong an-terior ridge, coarsely and contiguously punctateexcept for narrow apical strip broader in middle;lateral surface of pronotum practically impunc-tate above oblique groove, with a few scatteredpunctures below groove and some very weakposterolateral rugulae; scutum contiguouslypunctate between notauli which extend ante-riorly to sharp escarpment; tegula as broad aslong, opaque except posterior margin, withoutmarginal groove, surface faintly shagreened; me-sopleuron with anterior slope shagreened exceptfor small punctures along outer margin, sub-tegular area with dense, small punctures andscattered larger ones, disk with mostly subcontig-uous larger punctures; dorsal surface of propo-deum glossy except much of lateral area faintlyshagreened and without sinuous carina betweenspiracle and areola, the latter lacking a mediancarina, the surface shallowly pitted anteriorly andwith longitudinal gouges posteriorly, basal width0.6 times length and 1.5 times apical width;lateral propodeal surface with closer, weakeroblique rugulae than in T. tsunekii, lower areadelicately shagreened and with some minutepunctures on posterior half; posterior surface ofpropodeum with moderately dense, minute punc-tures except laterally where they are larger, me-dian carina present on lower half; mid and hindtibiae inflated, 2.4 times as long as broad; senso-rium on inner surface of hind tibia circular,smaller than in T. tsunekii, not impressed; hindbasitarsus without longitudinal groove on innersurface.

First abdominal tergum without anterior car-ina, disk with scattered small punctures, preapicalrow weakly impressed, close, mostly 1 puncturein width; base of second tergum broadly grooved


and with short, coarse longitudinal rugulae, thedisk of tergum with scattered small punctures inmiddle, denser ones laterally and a preapical,nonimpressed row; third tergum with moderatelydense small punctures, somewhat sparser on anarrow transverse strip in middle; basal half ofpygidium with coarse, subcontiguous puncturesand a short impunctate strip toward apex, apicalhalf delicately shagreened.

ALLOTYPE.—6*, Sri Lanka, Southern Province,Matara District, Deniyaya, near 1000 ft, in Ma-laise trap, 19-20 Oct 1976, G.F. Hevel, R.E. DietzIV, S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM).

MALE.—Length 8.3 mm. Black, the followingred: spot near apex of mandible, outer and pos-terior margins of tegula, inner surface of foretibia,and narrow apices of tarsal segments. Wings veryfaintly infumated, stigma black, veins brown.Vestiture white to cinereous.

Head width 1.4 times distance from clypealapex to anterior ocellus, 1.7 times upper intero-cular distance and 2.2 times interocular distanceat upper margin of antennal fossae; mandiblewithout preapical denticle on inner margin; cly-peal lobe with rounded lateral angles and shallowmedian emargination; front without mediancrest, with coarse, mostly subcontiguous punc-tures, and with a narrow impunctate strip onupper half below ocellus; flagellum with lineartyloids on second to eleventh segments, first 3segments 1.7 times as long as greatest width;cheek narrower than antennal fossa.

Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge be-hind which is a series of short, close weak rugulae;lateral pronotal surface with a weak obliquegroove, posteroventrally with a few weak rugulae;mesoscutum with most punctures separated byabout half the diameter of a puncture exceptposteriorly where they are contiguous; tegula 1.2times as long as median width, margins notgrooved, surface opaque except lateral and pos-terior margins and delicately shagreened; scutel-lum with most punctures subcontiguous; anteriormesopleural disk with coarse punctures mostlyseparated by half the diameter of a puncture andwith a few interspersed small punctures, subalar

area contiguously punctate; propodeal areola 1.1times basal width and 1.4 times apical width,median and lateral ridges strong, the latterslightly curved inward, surface glossy and min-utely roughened; area laterad of areola mostlyshagreened but with small punctures adjacent toareola and posterior ridge; posterior propodealsurface with a complete median carina, the areawith small punctures concentrated adjacent tomedian carina and lateral ridge, rest of areavirtually impunctate; upper and posterior halvesof lateral propodeal surface with close, moder-ately coarse carinae, rest of surface delicatelyshagreened; inner surface of hind tibia with amedian longitudinal ridge terminating in a smallraised oval sensorium.

Disk of first tergum twice as broad as medianlength, anterior half with denser small punctures,preapical strip with small contiguous puncturesat least 2 punctures in width; basal groove onsecond tergum with delicate rugulae laterally,smooth in middle; first sternum with small closepunctures on anterior half; fifth sternum withmoderately raised, oblique, posterolateral proc-ess; sixth sternum without tuft of erect densehairs.

PARATYPES.—CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District:1$, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 1800 ft.,23-25 Sep 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar-atne, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane( U S N M ) . SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. RdtnapUrd

District: 5$, Gilimale, Induruwa Jungle, 10 Oct1980, Id in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V.Gunawardane (USNM). SOUTHERN PROVINCE.

Hambantota District: 16*, Katagamuwa, 7-11 Feb1936, G.M. Henry (Colombo). A pair of para-types is in the National Museums of Sri Lanka(Colombo), and a male paratype is in the BritishMuseum (Natural History).

The male paratypes are 7.0-8.0 mm long andagree well with the allotype in most details ofpunctation and sculpture. The female paratypeis only 8.1 mm long but agrees well in all detailswith the holotype, except that the propodealareola is tricarinate with the median carina ex-

NUMBER 374 37

tending almost to the apex, and the basal widthis 1.7 times the apical width.

14. Tiphfa nilgirensis Allen

FIGURES 58, 62

Tiphia (Tiphia) mlgirensis Allen, 1975:72, 73, pi. 6: fig. 39|$; Nilgiri Hills and Coimbatore, South India; type inLeiden Museum].

Females of T. nilgirensis, T. palmi Krombein,and T. kurczewskii, new species, share with T.tsunekn, new species, and T. gurneyi, new species,the distinction of being the only five taxa withinflated mid and hind tibiae (2.0-2.5 times aslong as broad). The females of these species alsoagree in having short tegulae and in lacking amedian groove on the inner surface of the hindbasitarsus and a submarginal carina on the pro-podeal dorsum. Tiphia nilgirensis, T. kurczewskii,and T. palmi are much smaller than T. tsunekiiand T. gurneyi and more sparsely and delicatelypunctate. The former three species are easilyseparated because T. nilgirensis has dark legs andlacks a median groove on lateral pronotal surface,whereas the legs except coxae are red in T. palmiand 71 kurczewskii.

The male of T. nilgirensis has dark legs, thesixth abdominal sternum lacks a tuft of denseerect hair, the inner surface of the hind tibia hasa median ridge, and the mandible has a preapicaldenticle in unworn specimens.

The species occurs both in Sri Lanka and SouthIndia. In the former country it is found in boththe Dry Zone and the Wet Zone and at altitudesnear sea level to 2100 ft.

FEMALE.—Length 6.7-7.1 mm. Black, mandi-ble except base and apex and tegula reddish.Vestiture white. Wings slightly infumated, stigmabrown, veins amber.

Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; median lobe of clypeus 1.9times as wide as antennal fossa, slightly convex,anterior margin truncate, angles rounded; lowerfront without median ridge, punctures mostlysubcontiguous; upper front usually with a narrow

impunctate vitta beneath anterior ocellus, punc-tures elsewhere irregularly spaced from subcon-tiguous to separated by the diameter of a punc-ture, no impunctate interspaces as wide as anocellus.

Pronotal disk with a weak anterior ridge, punc-tures mostly subconfluent, posterior half impunc-tate except laterally; lateral pronotal surfacewithout a median groove, upper area finelyobliquely lineolate, lower area with some delicateoblique rugulae; scutum with anterior escarp-ment complete, extending to notauli, disk mostlysubcontiguously punctate; tegula transparent onapical half, 1.3 times as long as broad; subalarpatch of mesopleuron densely micropunctate andwith a few larger punctures, disk on anterior halfwith most punctures separated by half the widthof a puncture, posterior area with fine close punc-tures; mid and hind tibiae inflated, twice as longas wide; inner surface of hind tibia without amedian ridge, sensorium subcircular, not im-pressed; hind basitarsus not grooved on innersurface; propodeal areola tricarinate, median car-ina extending two-thirds or more toward apex,basal width 1.4 times apical width and 0.7 timeslength, area laterad of areola delicately sha-greened anteriorly, with a few scattered smallpunctures, submarginal carina lacking; posteriorpropodeal surface with small, rather close punc-tures, median ridge present on apical third; lat-eral propodeal surface with fine, oblique, mod-erately separated rugulae on posterior and uppersurfaces, delicately shagreened on lower anteriorsurface.

First abdominal tergum with preapical impres-sion 2 punctures in width except in middle whereit is only 1; anterior half of pygidium closelypunctate with a small smooth space posteriorlyin middle, posterior half smooth.

MALE.—Length 4.1-7.4 mm. Black, the follow-ing reddish: mandible near tip, flagellum be-neath, lateral and usually posterior margin oftegula, foretibia beneath and apices of tarsalsegments. Vestiture white, tinged with yellow onlast 3 abdominal segments. Wings clear except


faintly infumated at apex, stigma black, veinsbrown.

Head 1.6-1.7 times as wide as interocular dis-tance at anterior ocellus; mandible with a strongto weak preapical denticle (Figure 62) which iseroded in worn specimens; clypeal lobe slightlyconvex, apical margin emarginate, lateral anglesrounded, apical width 1.3 times diameter of an-tennal fossa; lower front contiguously punctate,median ridge absent; upper front with manypunctures separated by half the diameter of apuncture, rarely with an impunctate interspaceas wide as an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with anterior ridge behind whichare a number of short longitudinal rugulae, punc-tures anteriorly and laterally separated by abouthalf the diameter of a puncture, posterior third ofdisk impunctate except at sides; tegula 1.2 timesas long as broad; many of scutal punctures sepa-rated by half the diameter of a puncture but withsome wider interspaces; mesopleuron with punc-tures of moderate size separated mostly by halfthe diameter of a puncture and with some inter-spersed small punctures; marginal cell extendingwell beyond second submarginal; inner surface ofhind tibia with a longitudinal ridge ending innarrow, nonimpressed sensorium; propodeal ar-eola tricarinate, median carina sometimes incom-plete at apex, basal width 1.3-1.4 times apicalwidth and 0.9 times length, area laterad of areolatransversely to obliquely, and delicately lineolate,submarginal carina weak and extending only tospiracular area; posterior propodeal surface withmedian ridge on basal half or two-thirds, lowerarea with fine, moderately dense punctures, upperarea with more scattered larger punctures; lateralpropodeal surface with longitudinal rugulae onposterior and upper areas, longitudinally lineo-late on lower anterior area.

First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long asbroad; disk of first tergum without anterior ridge,preapical impression 2 to 3 punctures wide; pos-terolateral process of fifth sternum low, oblique,slightly curved; sixth sternum (Figure 58) withouta tuft of dense suberect hair.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—EASTERN PROVINCE. Am-

parai District: 386*, Ekgal Aru Reservoir Jungle,100 m, 19-22 Feb, Krombein et al. (USNM).

CENTRAL PROVINCE. Matale District: 26*, Gam-maduwa, 5-9 Nov, Henry (Colombo). Kandy Dis-trict: 26\ Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 1600-2100 ft, 18-21 Jan, 16-31 Aug, Karunaratne,Krombein et al. (USNM); 2$, Kandy, Peak ViewMotel, 1800 ft, 15-24 Jan, Davis et al. (USNM).Nuwara Eliya District: 16*, Hakgala, 24 Aug, Henry(Colombo).

WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 46*, Gam-paha Botanical Garden, 27 Sep, 8 Nov, Krombeinet al. (USNM).

UVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 19, Bandara-wela, 7 Apr, Henry (Colombo).

SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Matara District: 16*, Deni-yaya, near 1000 ft, 19-20 Oct, Hevel et al.(USNM).

MISCELLANEOUS. 2$, 26*, Ceylon, 6019, 6095,10471, Nietner (Berlin); 1$, Ceylon, 56/43 (Lon-don).

15. Tiphia kurczewskii, new species

The female of this species is another of the fewwith inflated tibiae, 2.0-2.5 as long as wide. It issmaller and more sparsely punctate than T. tsu-nekii, new species, and T. gurneyi, new species. Itis similar to T. palmi Krombein in having the legsred except coxae but differs in having the apex ofthe pygidium delicately wrinkled and shagreenedrather than smooth and glossy and in having thehind tibia less strongly inflated, with the length2.5 times the width rather than 2.1 times.

The males of T. kurczewskii and T. palmi areamong the four species in which the legs areentirely red except the coxae. These two specieslack a tuft of dense suberect hair on the sixthabdominal sternum and a longitudinal ridge onthe inner surface of the hind tibia. The formerspecies differs from the latter in having the mar-ginal cell extend farther toward the apex of theforewing than the second submarginal ratherthan having the two cells subequal in this respect.Also, in T. kurczewskii the lateral surface of the

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propodeum has closer weaker carinae on the pos-terior and upper areas.

Tiphia kurczewskii occurs both in Sri Lanka andSouth India. In the former country it is foundmostly in the Dry Zone at rather low altitudes,although it is quite common in Colombo wherethe average annual rainfall is 2400 mm.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for FrankE. Kurczewski, Syracuse University, New York,who has made substantial contributions to ourethological knowledge of solitary wasps.

HOLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Western Province,Colombo District, Colombo, Museum Gardens,50 ft, 13-15 Apr 1977, P.B. Karunaratne (USNMType 100268).

FEMALE.—Length 6.7 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except extreme base andapex, most of clypeal lobe, antenna, posteriormargin of pronotum, tegula, legs except coxae,and apical half of pygidium. Vestiture white.Wings slightly infumated, stigma brown, veinsamber.

Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe flat, margin trun-cate, angles rounded, apex 1.1 times as wide asantennal fossa; lower front without median ridge,many of punctures separated by half the width ofa puncture; upper front with a narrow smoothvitta before anterior ocellus, 2 impunctate inter-spaces twice as wide as an ocellus, puncturesseparated by 1 or more times the width of apuncture except subcontiguous along eye margin.

Pronotal disk with a weak anterior ridge, manyof punctures separated by once or twice the di-ameter of a puncture except subcontiguous lat-erally, posterior third or more impunctate; me-dian escarpment complete, reaching notauli, sideof scutal disk with scattered punctures; tegulatransparent, 1.3 times as long as wide; subalarpatch of mesopleuron with small anterior area ofdense minute punctures, anterior half of pleuronwith larger punctures mostly separated by halfthe width of a puncture; mid and hind tibiaeinflated, 2.5 times as long as wide; inner surfaceof hind tibia without median ridge; inner surfaceof hind basitarsus without median groove; pro-

podeal areola tricarinate, median carina com-plete, basal width 1.3 times apical width and 0.6times length, lateral area delicately transverselylineolate and without submarginal carina; pos-terior surface of propodeum without medianridge, finely and quite closely punctate; lateralpropodeal surface obliquely rugulose on posteriorand upper areas, slightly more closely than in T.palmi, lower anterior area obliquely lineolate.

Preapical impression of first abdominal tergum2 punctures wide; anterior half of pygidium con-tiguously punctate and with a small, narrow pos-teromedian smooth area, posterior half delicatelywrinkled and finely shagreened.

ALLOTYPE.—6*, same locality and collector but23 Apr 1976 (USNM).

MALE.—Length 5.7 mm. Black, colored as infemale except mid and hind tarsi also red, andposterior margin of pronotum and tegula testa-ceous. Vestiture white, tinged with yellow on last4 abdominal segments. Wings clear, stigmabrown, veins amber.

Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible without preapicaldenticle; clypeal lobe flat, apex truncate, anglesrounded, apical width 1.3 times width of antennalfossa; lower front with contiguous small punc-tures, median ridge absent; upper front with noimpunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus,punctures below anterior ocellus separated byabout half the diameter of a puncture, thosealong inner eye margin subcontiguous, rest ofarea with punctures separated by a little morethan the width of a puncture.

Pronotal disk with an anterior ridge, rugulaebehind it evanescent, surface of disk with punc-tures separated by half of the width of a punctureor of equal width, posterior third to half smooth;scutum with subcontiguous punctures anteriorlyin middle, sparser elsewhere except along notauli;tegula 1.1 times as long as broad; mesopleuronlacking minute punctures, the punctures irregu-larly spaced, separated by distances of half to asmuch as the width of a puncture, and with a fewwider interspaces; hind tibia without a longitu-dinal ridge on inner surface; marginal cell of


forewing extending farther toward wing apexthan second submarginal; propodeal areola tri-carinate, median carina not quite reaching apex,lateral carinae arched inward, basal width 1.4times apical width and 0.8 times length, lateralarea delicately lineolate, submarginal carina lack-ing; posterior propodeal surface without medianridge, finely and quite closely punctate; lateralsurface of propodeum with closer weaker carinaeon upper and posterior surfaces than T. palmi,anterior area longitudinally lineolate.

First abdominal segment 1.2 times as long aswide; first tergum without anterior ridge, preap-ical impression shallow, 2 punctures wide exceptin middle where it is 1; posterolateral process offifth sternum arcuate, oblique, moderately raised;sixth sternum without a tuft of dense suberecthair.

PARATYPES. NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. PoloTl-

naruwa District: 1$, Medirigiriya, 21-27 Mar 1958,R.L.A. Perera (Lawrence), EASTERN PROVINCE.

Amparai District: 26, Lahugala Sanctuary, 15 Jun1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne(USNM). WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 2$,46, Colombo, as follows: 16\ Feb 1908,0.S. Wick-war (Colombo); \9, 16\ May 1904 (Colombo);26, 2 Jul 1929 and 26 Nov 1928, G.M. Henry(Colombo); 1$, 11-12 Nov 1969, P.B. Karunar-atne (USNM). 226\ Colombo, Museum Gardens,as follows: \6, 28-31 Jan 1975, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando (USNM); 26, 25Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P.Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM); 196, 23Apr 1976, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM). 16\ Col-ombo, Colpetty, 103 Galle Rd., 21 Nov 1968,flight trap 1000-1500 hrs, T.F. Halstead (SanFrancisco). 26, Battaramulla, 24 Jun 1929, G.M.Henry (Colombo), SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Rat-napura District: \6, Uggalkaltota, in Malaise trap,23-26 Jun 1978, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar-atne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, N. Karu-naratne (USNM). UVA PROVINCE. Monaragala Dis-trict: 16", Angunakolapelessa, in Malaise trap, 17-19 Jun 1978, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, V.Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM). SOUTH-

ERN PROVINCE. Galle District: 1<5, Hikkaduwa, 11

mi NW Galle, 25 Jan 1962, Brinck, Andersson,Cederholm (Lund). 1?, Ceylon, 6096, Nietner(Berlin). SOUTH INDIA. Nilgiri Hills: 1$, MoyarCamp, 2900 ft, Jun 1954, P.S. Nathan (Corvallis).A pair of paratypes has been deposited in theNational Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo), anda male paratype in the British Museum (NaturalHistory).

Female paratypes are 6.3-7.4 mm long and arevery similar to the holotype in most details, butthe clypeal lobe may be black. Male paratypesare 4.9-6.5 mm long. There is relatively littlevariation, but there may be short rugulae behindthe pronotal ridge, the median carina of thepropodeal areola may be complete, the preapicalband of punctures on first abdominal tergummay be two punctures wide across entire length,the apex of the clypeal lobe may be slightlyemarginate, and the flagellum above and midand hind coxae may be dark.

16. Tiphia palmi Krombein

Tiphia rufipes Smith, 1855:83 [not Latreille, 1797] [9; north-ern India; type in British Museum (Natural History)].—Magretti, 1892:249 [$; Burma; misidentified?].—Bingham, 1897:61, 62 [$; brief description].—Turner,1908b: 120 [$; Ceylon; misidentified].—Allen and Jaynes,1930:100 [brief note].—Hedicke, 1936:23 [listed].

Tiphia palmi Krombein, 1938:187 [new name for T. rufipesSmith, not Latreille, 1797].

Tiphia (Tiphia) rufipes Smith.—Allen, 1969:396-398 [typeredescription]; 1975:63, 64 [description].

Tiphia palmi is the fifth species in which themid and hind tibiae of the female are inflated.That sex is distinguished by its small size (5.9-7.0mm long), relatively sparse punctation, the lackof a median groove on inner surface of the hindbasitarsus, the lack of a submarginal carina onthe dorsal propodeal surface, entirely light redlegs except coxae, hind tibia only twice as long aswide, and the glossy pygidial apex. The male alsohas light red legs, the second submarginal cellextends as far toward the wing apex as the mar-ginal cell, the mandible lacks a preapical denticle,and the margin of the clypeal lobe is truncate orslightly emarginate.

NUMBER :m 41

The species occurs throughout the Indian sub-continent. Within Sri Lanka it occurs in both theDry Zone and the Wet Zone and at altitudesranging from sea level to 1000 ft.

FEMALE.—Length 5.9-7.0 mm. Black, the fol-lowing light red: mandible except base and apex,flagellum beneath, posterior margin of pronotaldisk, tegula, legs except coxae; mid and hind tarsioccasionally brown. Vestiture white. Wingsfaintly infumated, stigma black, veins brown.

Head width 1.5-1.6 times interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe slightly convex,apical margin gently convex, angles rounded, 1.4times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front with-out median carina, many punctures separated byhalf the width of a puncture; upper front with anarrow smooth vitta in front of anterior ocellus,sometimes with 2 impunctate interspaces as wideas an ocellus, punctures a bit more separated thanon lower front.

Pronotal disk anteriorly with weak transverseridge, disk mostly subcontiguously punctate ex-cept for smooth apical area which is two-thirds aswide as disk in middle and a fifth as wide lat-erally; lateral surface with weak to evanescentoblique groove across middle, upper areaobliquely and closely aciculate, lower areaobliquely lineolate and punctate along anteriormargin; scutum with anterior escarpment com-plete, extending to notauli, posterior half of scu-tum subcontiguously punctate, laterally and an-teriorly with punctures separated by at least halfthe width of a puncture; tegula transparent,length and width subequal; mesopleuron withsubalar patch densely micropunctate and as wideas tegula, anterior half of pleuron with puncturesseparated by the diameter of a puncture or less,posterior half with crowded small punctures; midand hind tibiae inflated, twice as long as wide;inner surface of hind tibia not ridged, sensoriumsmall, oval, not impressed; inner surface of hindbasitarsus without median groove; propodeal ar-eola tricarinate, median carina extending to apexor almost so, basal width 1.4-1.7 times apicalwidth and 0.6-0.7 times the length, lateral areaglossy with a few scattered punctures except den-

ser posterolaterally and weakly roughened antero-laterally, submarginal carina lacking; posteriorpropodeal surface with small, rather dense punc-tures, median ridge lacking; lateral propodealsurface obliquely rugulose on upper and posteriorareas, the rugulae more separated than in T.kurczewskii, new species, anterior lower area deli-cately shagreened.

Preapical impression of first abdominal tergumusually 1 puncture wide across middle, thoughoccasionally 2 punctures wide; pygidium on an-terior half with sparser elongate punctures andsometimes a small medioapical smooth spot, pos-terior half smooth and glossy.

MALE.—Length 4.1-5.7 mm. Coloration as infemale except clypeal lobe sometimes red in mid-dle. Vestiture white, tinged slightly with yellowon apical abdominal segments. Wings clear,stigma black, veins brown.

Head width 1.5-1.7 times interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; median lobe of clypeus almostflat, apical margin subtruncate to slightly emar-ginate, angles rounded, 1.8 times as wide as an-tennal fossa; lower front without median ridgeand with contiguous small punctures; upper frontwith a small smooth area below anterior ocellusbut no other impunctate interspaces as wide asan ocellus, with small punctures separated bywidth of a puncture except laterally where theyare closer.

Pronotal disk with a rather weak anterior ridge,rugulae behind it weak or evanescent, puncturesanteriorly small and mostly separated by half thediameter of a puncture, posterior area of diskimpunctate on posterior third in middle and pos-terior fourth laterally; scutum with puncturesseparated by half the width of a puncture exceptanterolaterally where they are sparser; tegulatransparent, 1.2-1.3 times as long as wide; meso-pleuron with small punctures on anterior halfseparated by half the width of a puncture and byabout the width of a puncture on posterior half;forewing with second submarginal cell extendingas far as or almost as far as the marginal celltoward apex; hind tibia without a median ridgeon inner surface; propodeal areola tricarinate.


median carina extending almost to apex, basalwidth 1.5-1.8 times apical width and 0.9 timesthe length, lateral area glossy and smooth exceptroughened anterolaterally, submarginal carinalacking; posterior propodeal surface with numer-ous small punctures, median ridge lacking; lateralpropodeal surface with stronger, more separatedrugulae on posterior and upper areas than in T.kurczewskii, anterior area glossy.

First abdominal segment 1.0-1.1 times as longas wide; first tergum without anterior ridge,preapical impression moderately deep, usually 2punctures wide across middle; posterolateralprocess of fifth sternum short, weak or evanescent,oblique; sixth sternum without median tuft ofdense suberect hair.


Jaffna District: Id, Kilinochchi, 80 ft, in Malaisetrap, 24-27 Jan, Krombein et al. (USNM). Man-nar District: 19, 1<3, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte, WilpattuNatl. Park, 6* in Malaise trap, 15-16 Feb, Krom-bein et al. (USNM).

NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District:19, 16", Hunuwilagama, near Wilpattu Natl.Park, 200 ft, in Malaise trap, 28 Oct-3 Nov,Hevel et al. (USNM); 16\ Kandurukanda, 20 miNE Habarana, 8 Feb, swept in meadow, Brincket al. (Lund); 26, Ritigala Nat. Reserve, 8 Feb,dry meadow, Brinck et al. (Lund).

NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Puttalam District: 39,Wilpattu Natl. Park, Kali Villu, 12-14 Jun, Mes-sersmith et al. (USNM). Kurunegala District: 1$,Kurunegala, Badagamuwa Jungle, 24-27 Jan,Krombein et al. (USNM).

WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 1$, 36", Col-ombo (includes Museum Gardens), 7 Feb, Jul,Henry, Karunaratne, Wickwar (USNM, Lon-don); 16\ Yongamulla, 3 mi E Yakkala, 18 mi NEColombo, 24 Jan-6 Mar, Brinck et al. (Lund).

SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Ratnapura District: 19,Gilimale, Induruwa Jungle, 5-7 Feb, Krombeinet al. (USNM).

IVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 19, Bandara-wela, 9th mi on Welimada Rd, 4 Apr, Henry(Colombo).

SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Matara District: 16", Deni-

yaya, near 1000 ft, in Malaise trap, 19-20 Oct,Hevel et al. (USNM).

17. Tiphia decrescens Walker

FIGURES 44, 46, 48, 50, 51, 57, 63

Tiphia decrescens Walker, 1859:376 [<5, not 9 as stated; Ceylon;type in British Museum (Natural History)].—Walkerin Tennent, 1861:454 [listed].—Motschulsky, 1863:22[listed].—Bingham, 1896:431 [listed].—Dalla Torre,1897:135 [listed].—Turner, 1908b: 125 [synonymizes 6 T.nervosa Nurse and suggests it may be c5 of T. policarinataMagretti].—Hedicke, 1936:8 [listed].

Tiphia conscia Nurse, 1902:81 |$; Deesa; syntype series inBritish Museum (Natural History)].—Turner, 1908b:124 [synonymized T. conscia under T. policarinata Mag-retti]. [New synonymy.] [Lectotype designated herein.]

Tiphia (Tiphia) batorea Allen, 1975:34, 35 |c5; Coimbatore,South India; type in Leiden Museum]. [New synonymy.]

This small species is relatively abundant andoccurs chiefly in the Dry Zone in altitudes rang-ing near sea level to some 2000 ft. It occurs alsoin India as far north as Deesa.

I have examined the types of T. decrescens andT. batorea and find them to be conspecific. Thesyntype series of T. conscia Nurse consists of sixfemales from Deesa, one collected in October1898 and five in June 1901. These specimens havethe wings weakly tinged with yellow, the tegula,tibiae, and tarsi usually reddish, and the hindmargin of the propodeum testaceous. Most Cey-lonese females have the wings infumated, lack thereddish tegula, tibiae, and tarsi and testaceousmargin of the propodeum, but there are a fewspecimens having the coloration of Nurse's typeseries, and I have no hesitation in making thissynonymy. I have selected one of the June 1901specimens as lectotype because the 1898 specimenis aberrant in having three rather than five cari-nae composing the propodeal areola. Turner sug-gested that T. decrescens was the opposite sex of T.policarinata Magretti, 1892; I exclude the latterfrom the synonymy because I have not seen thetype from Burma. Turner also synonymized T.nervosa Nurse under T. decrescens. M.C. Day in-formed me (in litt.) that there were two syntypesof T. nervosa in the British Museum (Natural

NUMBER 374

History) but could locate only one in 1981.1 haveexamined this syntype and find that it is not T.decrescens or any other species occurring in SriLanka. Accordingly, I have removed T. nervosafrom the synonymy of T. decrescens pending studyof the second syntype.

The sex association is based on the collectionof both sexes together, though not in copula, onthree different dates in Gampaha Botanic Gar-den, on two different dates in Kandy, and on onedate in Padaviya.

Females are readily distinguished by the nor-mal tegula, lack of a groove on the inner surfaceof the hind tibia, the inflated, broadened mid andhind tibiae, and the quinquecarinate propodealareola. Males are recognized by the normal teg-ula, the tuft of dense, suberect setae on the sixthabdominal sternum, predominantly dark legs ex-cept reddish fore and mid femora and tibiae, andthe lengthy marginal cell.

FEMALE.—Length 6.8-8.0 mm. Black, mandi-ble red except base and apex; tegula brown, andsometimes tarsi in part. Vestiture white. Wingslightly infumated, stigma dark, veins amber.

Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; median clypeal lobe (Figure50) with margin gently emarginate, anglesrounded, 1.1 times as wide as antennal fossa;lower front without median ridge, puncturesmostly contiguous; upper front usually with 2 or3 impunctate interspaces wider than an ocellus,majority of punctures separated by at most halfthe width of a puncture.

Pronotal disk with weak anterior ridge some-times lacking in middle, most of punctures onanterior half separated by half the width of apuncture or more, apical area impunctate, halfthe width of disk in middle and about a quarterat side; lateral pronotal surface with oblique me-dian groove, aciculate above groove and finelywrinkled below, a few scattered punctures aboveand anteriorly; anterior escarpment of scutumcomplete only across middle, not attaining no-tauli; center of disk contiguously punctate, else-where with scattered punctures; tegula opaque,length 1.2 times width; subalar patch as wide as

tegula, densely micropunctate and with scatteredlarger punctures, anterior half of mesopleural diskwith punctures separated by half or more thewidth of a puncture, posteriorly with rather densesmall punctures and a few interspersed largerones; mid and hind tibiae inflated (Figure 48),2.2 times as long as wide; inner surface of hindtibia not ridged (Figure 46), sensorium small,subcircular, slightly impressed; inner surface ofhind metatarsus without median groove (Figure44); propodeal areola quinquecarinate (Figure51, "ar"), median carina usually complete toapex, intermediate carinae usually extendingtwo-thirds toward apex, basal width 1.4-1.5 timesapical width and 0.6-0.7 times length, area la-terad of areola finely transversely aciculate, sub-marginal carina (Figure 51, "sc") sinuous andterminating in lateral ridge about four-fifths to-ward apex; posterior propodeal surface finely andclosely punctate, median ridge absent; lateralpropodeal surface with close oblique rugulae pos-teriorly and above, closely obliquely lineolatebelow anteriorly.

Preapical impression of first abdominal tergumlightly impressed, usually 1 puncture in widthacross middle, but occasionally 2; pygidiumclosely punctate on anterior half except for anarrow median smooth space posteriorly, apicalhalf smooth, delicately shagreened.

MALE.—Length 4.3-5.8 mm. Black, the follow-ing light red: mandible exept base and apex,flagellum beneath, posterior impunctate marginof pronotum, tegula, apex of femora, all of tibiaeand tarsi, but hind tibia and tarsus sometimesbrownish, or legs rarely entirely dark. Vestiturewhite but reddish or yellowish on posterior ab-dominal segments. Wings clear, stigma darkbrown, veins testaceous near base, amber or lightbrown toward apex.

Head 1.5-1.6 times as wide as interocular dis-tance at anterior ocellus; mandible with or with-out a small preapical denticle on inner margin;clypeal lobe (Figure 63) large, fiat, apex truncateor slightly emarginate, lateral angles rounded, 1.3times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front withmedian ridge very weak or usually absent, punc-


tures small and subconfluent; upper front withpunctures larger, mostly separated by half thewidth of a puncture, occasionally with 2 impunc-tate interspaces wider than an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with strong anterior ridge, shortrugulae behind it weak or lacking, discal punc-tures small and mostly separated by half thediameter of a puncture, impunctate posterior areaabout a third of the disk medianly and a sixthlaterally; side of pronotum with an oblique me-dian groove, obliquely lineolate above except forsome rugulae anteriorly and obliquely rugulosebelow; scutum on posterior half with subcontig-uous punctures in middle, elsewhere the punc-tures separated by half or more the width of apuncture; tegula transparent, 1.0-1.2 times aslong as width; mesopleural disk with many punc-tures separated by half the diameter of a punctureor more, sometimes with interspersed smallerpunctures; inner surface of hind tibia with amedian ridge; marginal cell extending farthertoward apex than second submarginal; propodealareola tricarinate, median carina usually extend-ing to apex, basal width 1.3-1.5 times apicalwidth and 0.7-0.8 times length, area laterad ofareola minutely roughened, submarginal carinasinuous, terminating in lateral ridge about four-fifths from base; posterior propodeal surface withnumerous close strong punctures; lateral propo-deal surface with strong oblique rugulae poste-riorly and above, obliquely lineolate elsewhere.

First abdominal segment 1.1-1.2 times as longas wide; first tergum with preapical impressionshallow, 1 or 2 punctures wide across middle;posterolateral process of fifth sternum well devel-oped, arcuate, oblique; sixth sternum (Figure 57)with median tuft of dense suberect hair.


Mannar District: 1(5, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte Bunga-low, Wilpattu Natl. Park, 21-25 May, Krombeinet al. (USNM).

NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District:29, 5c5, Padaviya Irrigation Bung., 180 ft, 3c5 inMalaise trap, 27 Feb-9 Mar, 18 May, Davis etal., Krombein et al. (USNM); 16", Maradan Ma-duwa, Wilpattu Natl. Park, 23 mi W Anuradhap-

ura, 2 Feb, Brinck et al. (Lund). PolonnaruwaDistrict: 19, Ic5, Polonnaruwa, 3 Mar, 17 Jul,Keiser, Krombein et al. (USNM, Basel).

EASTERN PROVINCE. Tnncomalee District: 1$, Tam-palakaman, Naval Head Works Sanctuary, 29Jan, Krombein et al. (USNM). Battualoa District:1<5, 15 mi SSW Batticaloa, 8 Mar, in dry meadow,Brinck et al. (Lund). Amparai District: Ic5, Ingini-yagala, Samudra Gardens, 250 ft, in Malaise trap,22-23 Nov, Hevel et al. (USNM).

CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 16*, 5 mi NWMahiyangana, in Malaise trap at IrrigationBung., 30 Mar-9 Apr, Spangler et al. (USNM);5$, 16<5, Kandy (includes Udawattakele Sanctu-ary, 2100 ft, Kandy Reservoir Jungle, Roseneath,Deiyannewela, Peradeniya Expt. Sta., Peak ViewMotel, 1800 ft), 15-24 Jan, 25 Feb, 29 Mar, 16-31 Aug, 30 Sep, Davis et al., Karunaratne et al.,Keiser, Krombein et al., Spangler et al. (USNM,Basel, Ottawa). Matale District: l<5, Nalanda, 4Mar, Krombein et al. (USNM).

NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Kurunegala District:26, Kurunegala, Badagamuwa Jungle, I in Ma-laise trap, 24-27 Jan, Krombein et al. (USNM).

WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 18$, 506*,Gampaha Botanical Garden, 14 Jan, 24 May, 27Sep, 8 Nov, Krombein et al., Messersmith et al.(USNM); 16*, Kotte, 5 Jul, Henry (Colombo); 2$,36*, Nugegoda, Papiliyana, 1 May, 24 Nov, Ka-runaratne (USNM); 6$, 266*, Colombo (includesMuseum Gardens, Colpetty), 28-31 Jan, 4, 16Apr, 22, 23 June, 11-21 Nov, Halstead, Henry,Karunaratne, Krombein et al., Perera, Wickwar,Wijesinhe (USNM, Colombo, London, Law-rence, San Francisco); 16*, Negombo, 10-11 Feb,Stubbs et al. (London); 16*, Udugalla, 12 mi fromColombo, 15 Feb, Perera (Lawrence); 1$, Battar-amulla, 22 May, Henry (Colombo); 16*, Handa-pangoda Timber Reserve, 18 Jan, Krombein etal. (USNM).

SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Ratnapura District: 1$,Uggalkaltota, Malaise trap, 23-26 Jun, Krom-bein et al. (USNM); 16*, Gilimale, InduruwaJungle, Malaise trap, 10 Oct, Krombein et al.(USNM); 26*, Karagal Oya, 3 mi ENE BelihulOya, 1900 ft, 2 Mar, Brinck et al. (Lund); 12,

NUMBER 574 45

Ratnapura, Pompakele, 25 Mar, Krombein et al.(USNM).

UVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 16, Bintenne,Nov, Henry (Colombo).

SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Galle District: 1$, Hikka-duwa, 11 mi NW Galle, 25 Jan, Brinck et al.(Lund). Matara District: 1$, Enselwatte, above2500 ft, 19-20 Oct, Hevel et al. (USNM).

MISCELLANEOUS. 29, 26, Ceylon, #11746, Niet-ner (Berlin); \9, Ceylon, 4 Oct, Yerbury (Ge-neva).

18. Tiphia hakeriana, new species

This is known from single male from the In-duruwa Jungle, Gilimale, an area of lowland rainforest with heavy rainfall averaging 3900 mmannually. It is distinguished by the normal tegula,predominantly dark legs, tuft of dense suberecthair on the sixth abdominal sternum, by havingthe marginal cell extending farther toward thewing apex than the second submarginal cell, thedark tegula, and lack of a light red apical marginof the pronotal disk.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Ed-ward W. Baker, Systematic Entomology Labo-ratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in appre-ciation of his many identifications of parasiticmites infesting Ceylonese and other solitary waspsand bees.

HOLOTYPE.—6, Sri Lanka, SabaragamuwaProvince, Ratnapura District, Gilimale, Indu-ruwa Jungle, 16-19 April 1981, in Malaise trap,K.V. Krombein, L. Weeratunge, P. Leanage(USNM Type 100269).

MALE.—Length 6.2 mm. Black, the followinglight red: apical half of mandible except tip,flagellum beneath, fore and mid tibiae exceptinfuscated areas on outer surface, foretarsus andnarrow apices of mid tarsal segments. Vestituresilvery except light brown at apex of abdomen.Wings clear, stigma black, veins light brown atbase and dark brown at apex.

Head width 1.6 times interocular distance atanterior ocellus; mandible without a small preap-ical denticle on inner margin; apical lobe of

clypeus large, flat, 1.2 times as wide as antennalfossa, apex slightly emarginate, angles rounded;lower front contiguously punctate, median ridgeabsent; upper front with a narrow impunctatestrip below anterior ocellus, punctures separatedby half to the width of a puncture except severalrows contiguously punctate along eye margin, noimpunctate interspaces wider than an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge be-hind which is a series of short perpendicularcarinae, most discal punctures separated by halfthe width of a puncture, medially punctures morecrowded, apical impunctate strip a third as wideas disk at midline and narrowing to the side;lateral pronotal surface with an oblique mediangroove, upper area finely, closely lineolate, lowerarea finely closely wrinkled; tegula opaque, 1.1times as long as wide; mesopleural disk with mostpunctures separated by half the width of a punc-ture and with many interspersed smaller punc-tures; inner surface of hind tibia with a strongmedian ridge; marginal cell extending farthertoward wing apex than second submarginal; pro-podeal areola tricarinate, the median carina ex-tending four-fifths toward apex, vestiges of shortcarina present on either side of median carina,basal width 1.9 times apical width and 0.9 timeslength; area adjacent to areola minutely rough-ened and with a curved submarginal carina ter-minating in lateral ridge four-fifths from base;posterior propodeal surface with numerous closesmall punctures; lateral propodeal surface withoblique rugulae posteriorly and above, obliquelylineolate anteriorly below.

First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long asbroad; preapical impression of first tergum shal-low, 2 punctures wide across middle; posterolat-eral process of fifth sternum low, long, arcuate,mostly transversely oriented; sixth sternum withtuft of dense suberect hair.

FEMALE.—Unknown.

19. Tiphia weismani, new species

This species is known only from the uniquefemale holotype from a low altitude in the Wet


Zone with moderate rainfall. It is distinguishedfrom other females which lack a groove on theinner surface of the hind basitarsus by the normalsized tegula, lightly infumated wings, almost en-tirely red legs, and sinuous submarginal carinaon the propodeal dorsum.

ETYMOLOGY.—I take pleasure in naming it forDonald M. Weisman, Systematic EntomologyLaboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture,who furnished many identifications of lepidopter-ous larval prey or hosts of sphecid, eumenid andbethylid wasps.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Western Province,Colombo District, Mirigama Scout Camp, pri-mary jungle, 8-9 Jul 1978, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, V. Kulasekare, L.Jayawickrema (USNM Type 100270).

FEMALE.—Length 7.0 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except base and apex, an-tenna beneath, tegula, apex of pygidium, forefe-mur beneath, mid and hind femora, tibiae, fore-tarsi, and apices of mid and hind tarsal segments.Vestiture white, tinged with yellow on dorsum ofthorax. Forewing infumated, stigma black, veinsbrown.

Head 1.8 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; median lobe of clypeus withapical margin slightly emarginate, anglesrounded, apical width 1.7 times width of antennalfossa; lower front without median ridge, mostpunctures separated by less than half the widthof a puncture; upper front with some large im-punctate areas, many punctures separated by atleast the width of a puncture except along eyemargin where they are contiguous.

Pronotal disk without anterior ridge, anteriorlythe punctures separated by the width of a punc-ture, but adjacent to apical impunctate area are2 rows of punctures separated by half the widthof a puncture or less, impunctate apical strip halfthe width of disk medianly and about a fifthlaterally; anterior escarpment of scutum presentonly across middle, not reaching notauli; a patchof subcontiguous to contiguous punctures behindescarpment, sparsely punctate laterally except ad-jacent to notauli; tegula transparent, 1.1 times as

long as broad; subalar patch as wide as tegula,densely micropunctate and with a few scatteredlarger punctures, anterior half of mesopleuronwith scattered punctures mostly separated by atleast the diameter of a puncture, posteriorly withclose, small punctures; hind tibia 2.7 times aslong as wide, without median ridge on innersurface, sensorium small, oval, not impressed;hind basitarsus without median groove on innersurface; propodeal areola tricarinate, median car-ina extending to apex, basal width 1.5 timesapical width and 0.6 times length, lateral areawith some small punctures adjacent to areola andglossy elsewhere, submarginal carina sinuous andterminating in lateral ridge four-fifths towardapex; posterior propodeal surface with weak me-dian ridge on lower two-thirds, closely and finelypunctate elsewhere; lateral propodeal surfacewith weak, rather scattered oblique rugulae onupper and posterior areas, glossy elsewhere.

Preapical row of punctures on first abdominaltergum slightly impressed, with 2 rows of closepunctures except in middle where it is 1 puncturewide; pygidium on anterior half with small sub-contiguous punctures and a small impunctatespace in middle posteriorly, posterior half smoothand glossy.

MALE.—Unknown.

20. Tiphia hirsuta Smith

FIGURES 53, 56, 64

Tiphia hirsuta Smith, 1855:83 [6; northern India; type inBritish Museum (Natural History)].—Cameron, 1892:115.—Bingham, 1897:63, 64.—Dalla Torre, 1897:137.—Hedicke, 1936:13.—Allen, 1969:393, 394 [type redescrip-tion and synonymy of T. tarsata and T. clypealis]; 1975:33,34 [northern India, Nepal].

Tiphia tarsata Cameron, 1897:44 [c5; Mussouri; type in OxfordUniversity].—Hedicke, 1936:24.

Tiphia clypealis Cameron, 1897:47, 48 [<5 not 9; Mussouri;type in Oxford University].—Turner, 1908b: 124 [incor-rectly synonymizes T. flavipenms Bingham and T. quinque-cannata Cameron].—Allen and Jaynes, 1930:97.—Hed-icke, 1936:7.

Tiphia brevipenms Cameron, 1900:17, 18 [9; Barrackpore;syntypes in Oxford University and British Museum (Nat-

NUMBER 374 47

ural History); preoccupied by T. brevipenms Lucas, 1846].[New synonymy.] [Lectoype designated herein.]

Tiphia petri Turner, 1908b: 128 [new name for T. brevipenmsCameron, preoccupied].—Hedicke, 1936:20. [New syn-onymy.]

Tiphia crinita Roberts, 1930:190 [new name for T. brevipennisCameron, preoccupied]. [New synonymy.]

Tiphia (Tiphia) husuta Smith.—Allen, 1969:393, 394 [typeredescription and synonymy of T. tarsata and T. clypealis];1975:33, 34 [redescription; northern India, Nepal].

Tiphia (Tiphia) petri Turner.—Allen, 1969:399, 400 [rede-scription and designation lectotype T. brevipennis]; 1975:71,72 [description].

I have examined the unique male types of T.hirsuta, T. tarsata, and T. clypealis and can confirmAllen's synonymy of the latter two under T.hirsuta. The species is quite common in severallocalities in Sri Lanka and South India, but malesshow decreasing amounts of red in the latter areassuggesting that there is a north-south cline in thetaxon. For example, the type of T. hirsuta has thefollowing light red: mandible except apical third,apical two-thirds of clypeus, flagellum beneath,foretibia, and fore and mid tarsi; the tegula isentirely testaceous. Males from South India andSri Lanka have the mandible and flagellum be-neath darker red, the clypeus with a narrowerreddened apical half or sometimes red only lat-erally, at most the foretibia and tarsus a darkerred, but these segments sometimes brownish, andthe tegula is brown on the inner anterior angle.The posterior marginal groove on the tegula iswell developed in the type of T. hirsuta, weaker inthe South Indian population and evanescent inCeylonese specimens.

Allen (1975) described the sensorium of thehind tibia as almost threadlike, but this must bebased on his Nepalese specimens, for the type ofT. hirsuta has the sensorium quite broad towardthe apex as in Ceylonese and South Indian males.Concerning the type of T. hirsuta, Allen (1969)noted that the propodeal areola was 1.3 times aswide at base as at apex and 2.75 times as long asapical width, and that the lower part of lateralsurface of propodeum was aciculate. My exami-nation of the type has the base of propodealareola 1.5 times as wide as apex (range 1.5-1.8 in

Ceylonese specimens) and the length 2.1 timesthe apical width (range 1.8-2.1 in Ceylonese spec-imens). Also, the lower part of lateral surface ofpropodeum has closer, finer rugulae than theupper part; this feature varies in the Ceylonesepopulation from having the same sculpture to acondition where the lower part is mostly sha-greened.

The association of sexes is based on the factthat both sexes are the most hirsute of the Cey-lonese and South Indian fauna and on the cap-ture of both sexes flying together at several local-ities in Sri Lanka and South India.

The Ceylonese and South Indian females agreein all essential details with the entire syntypeseries of T. brevipennis Cameron not Lucas, de-scribed from Barrackpore, Bengal, India, andcollected by Rothney. The syntype series consistsof two females in Oxford University and threefemales in the British Museum (Natural History).One specimen in Oxford bears a label in Cam-eron's handwriting, "Tiphia/brevipennis/Cam.Type/Barrackpore." The other Oxford specimenbears only a small label with what appears to be"U" or "V"; another label added later by C.O'Toole states that the specimen was "in Roth-ney/Coll. under/Tiphia brevipennis/Cameron. . . /Almost certainly a/syntype because Roth-ney's/annotated reprint indicates/two speci-mens." The three specimens in the British Mu-seum (Natural History) all bear labels in Cam-eron's handwriting. One label is "Tiphia/brevi-pennis/Cam. Type/Bengal," another is "Tiphia/brevipennis/Cam. Type," and the third is"Tiphia/brevipennis/Cam. /Bengal." Allen(1969), unaware of the specimens in Oxford,treated the first specimen cited above as thelectotype, although he called it "holotype." Thelectotype must be selected from material in theRothney collection, and I am designating as lec-totype the specimen bearing Cameron's labelwith "type" written upon it. The specimen is notin the best condition, for the abdomen was brokenoff during shipment, and the vestiture is largelydenuded. It is, however, clearly identical with theother syntypes.


The female is distinguished from any of itscongeners in the Indian subcontinent by a com-bination of the strongly yellowish wings, compar-atively denser and longer vestiture on the abdo-men, lack of a groove on inner surface of hindbasitarsus, complete anterior ridge on pronotaldisk, and the lateral surface of the propodeumcompletely and closely obliquely rugulose. Themale also is readily distinguished by the combi-nation of the dark legs, conspicuous tuft of densesuberect setae on the sides of the sixth abdominalsternum, the higher posterolateral process on fifthsternum overlying a pocket-like depression, thelonger apical fringes on the terga, and compara-tively denser appressed vestiture on the clypeusand lower front.

Tiphia hirsuta has a wide range, occurring fromnorthern India and Nepal southward into SriLanka. In the latter country the species is mostcommon in Dry Zone areas and at low altitudes,but there are a few records from the Hill Countryto an altitude of 2100 ft and with moderatelyheavy rainfall.

FEMALE.—Length 9.6-12.5 mm. Black, the fol-lowing medium red: mandible except base andapex, scape and flagellum beneath, posterior mar-gin of pronotal disk and tegula posterolaterally.Vestiture white, longer than usual particularly atapices and sides of abdominal segments. Wingsstrongly yellowish, stigma amber, veins yellow.

Head 1.5-1.6 times as wide as interocular dis-tance at anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe slightlyconvex, margin subtruncate, lateral anglesbroadly rounded, width twice the diameter ofantennal fossa; lower front without median ridge,contiguously punctate; upper front with narrowsmooth vitta in front of anterior ocellus, occasion-ally with 2 impunctate interspaces as wide as anocellus, most punctures separated by at most halfthe width of a puncture.

Pronotal disk with low anterior ridge, narrowlyand contiguously punctate behind ridge and be-fore smooth anterior area, elsewhere with mostpunctures separated by half the width of a punc-ture, the smooth posterior area half as wide asdisk medianly and a fourth as wide laterally;

lateral pronotal surface with a weak medianoblique groove, closely punctate anteriorly, upperhalf closely obliquely lineolate, lower half withclose oblique rugulae; anterior escarpment of scu-tum complete to notauli, contiguously punctatein middle, laterally with punctures separated byhalf or more the width of a puncture; tegulatransparent except inner anterior area, 1.3 timesas long as broad; subalar patch of mesopleuronbroader than tegula, densely micropunctate andwith a few scattered larger punctures, anteriorhalf of disk with punctures of several sizes mostlyseparated by half the width of a puncture, pos-terior half with dense small punctures; mid andhind tibiae moderately inflated, 2.4 times as longas broad; inner surface of hind tibia without aridge, sensorium elongate, broadened towardapex, slightly impressed; hind basitarsus withoutmedian groove; propodeal areola tricarinate, me-dian carina not reaching apex, basal width 1.5-1.8 times apical width and 0.5-0.6 times length,surface of areola finely roughened, adjacent areamostly finely aciculate and with a few scatteredsmall punctures, submarginal carina lacking; pos-terior propodeal surface with numerous closeoblique rugulae.

Preapical impression of first tergum weaklyimpressed, 2 punctures wide across middle and 3or 4 laterally; basal half of pygidium contiguouslypunctate in longitudinal rows and with a narrowsmooth median vitta at apex, posterior halfsmooth.

MALE.—Length 6.3-10.7 mm. Black, the fol-lowing medium red: mandible except base andapex, occasionally apex of clypeal lobe, flagellumbeneath, tegula except inner anterior area; pos-terior margin of pronotal disk and fore and midtarsi entirely or in part testaceous. Vestiturewhite, denser and longer than usual especially onclypeus (Figure 64), lower front and abdomen(Figure 53). Wings slightly infumated, stigmadark, veins brown.

Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible without preapicaldenticle; clypeus very densely punctate with sub-decumbent vestiture, median lobe flat, apex

NUMBER 374 49

slightly to more deeply emarginate, lateral anglesrounded, width 1.5-1.7 times the diameter ofantennal fossa; lower front with median ridgevery weak or lacking, punctation small and con-tiguous, vestiture dense; upper front with largercontiguous punctures except for broad impunc-tate vitta in front of anterior ocellus.

Pronotal disk with anterior ridge, rugulae lack-ing behind it, punctures contiguous over a narrowstrip behind ridge and in front of apical smootharea, punctures elsewhere subcontiguous to sep-arated by about half the width of a puncture,impunctate area a third as wide as disk in middleand a sixth as wide laterally; tegula 1.2-1.3 timesas long as wide, transparent except for inneranterior area; mesopleuron with subcontiguouslarge punctures and some interspersed smallerones; hind tibia without a median ridge on innersurface; marginal cell extending farther towardwing apex than second submarginal; propodealareola tricarinate, median carina rarely reachingapex, surface roughened, basal width 1.4-1.8times apical width and 0.8-0.9 times length, anarrow strip of small punctures adjacent to ar-eola, rest of area glossy and delicately lineolateanterolaterally, submarginal carina lacking; pos-terior propodeal surface with close small punc-tures, median ridge lacking; lateral propodealsurface closely obliquely rugulose, more delicatelyso below anteriorly.

First abdominal segment 1.2-1.3 times as longas broad; first tergum without anterior ridge,preapical impression weakly impressed, 2 or 3punctures wide across middle and 3 or 4 at sides;posterolateral process (Figure 56) of fifth sternumhigh and only slightly arcuate, more or less lon-gitudinal, overlying an invagination along inneredge; sixth sternum without a median tuft ofdense suberect hair, the setae dense on either sideof smooth median vitta.


Mannar District: 16*, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte bunga-low, Wilpattu Natl. Park, 20 m, 6-7 Oct, Krom-bein et al. (USNM).

NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District:26 Padaviya archeological site, 60 m, 11-14 Oct,

Krombein et al. (USNM); 9$, ld\ Hunuwila-gama, near Wilpattu Natl. Park, 200 ft, in Ma-laise trap, Hevel et al. (USNM).

CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 36*, Kandy,Udawattakele Sanctuary, 2100 ft, 16-31 Aug,Karunaratne (USNM).

WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 69, 466,

Colombo (includes Museum Gardens, 50 ft, andColpetty), 11-12, 15, 17-23 Jan, 25 Feb, Mar, 3,7,8, 16 Apr, 18Jun, 2, 3, 12, 14Jul, 17, 26 Aug,8 Oct, 26 Nov, Halstead, Henry, Karunaratne,Krombein et al., Perera (USNM, Colombo, Law-rence, San Francisco); 36*, Ratmalana near air-port, 15 Feb, 6 Jun, Krombein et al. (USNM).

21. Tiphia pulawskii, new species

FIGURE 55

This handsome montane species is one of themost distinctive species of Tiphia in the Ceylonesefauna. Both sexes have yellow wings (brighter infemale than in male), light red antennae, tegulae,and legs, golden vestiture, normal, not elongate,tegulae and lack an anterior ridge on the firstabdominal tergum. The female lacks a groove onthe inner surface of the hind basitarsus, and thehind tibia is not ridged on the inner surface. Inthe male the marginal cell extends farther towardthe wing apex than the second submarginal, andthe ridge separating the dorsal and posterior pro-podeal surfaces is usually evanescent but is alwaysweaker than normal.

The species occurs only in a limited area of theCentral Highlands in Nuwara Eliya District ataltitudes over 5000 ft.

ETYMOLOGY.—It is named for Wojciech J. Pu-lawski, California Academy of Sciences, SanFrancisco, collaborator on Ceylonese Larridae.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Nuwara Eliya District, Hakgala Sanctuary, 23-24 Apr 1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, L.Weeratunge (USNM Type 100271).

FEMALE.—Length 10.2 mm. Black, the follow-ing light red: mandible except tip, apical half ofclypeus, antenna, posterior margin of pronotal


disk, tegula, legs except forecoxa, mid and hindcoxae above, and apical half of pygidium. Vesti-ture golden. Wings bright yellow, stigma lightred, veins yellow to amber.

Head 1.7 times as broad as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible with preapical den-ticle on inner margin; clypeal lobe narrow, mar-gin truncate, lateral angles rounded, 1.3 times aswide as antennal fossa; lower front not ridgedalong midline, contiguously to subcontiguouslypunctate; upper front with large areas impunc-tate, punctures very sparse except along eye mar-gin where they are separated by about half thewidth of a puncture.

Pronotal disk not ridged anteriorly, most punc-tures separated by about half the width of apuncture except more crowded laterally, impunc-tate posterior area half as wide as disk medianlyand about a third laterally; lateral surface ofpronotum with median arcuate groove, smoothexcept for fine wrinkles below; anterior scutalescarpment present only in middle, not reachingnotauli, middle of disk closely punctate, elsewheresparsely so; tegula transparent, 1.1 times as longas broad; subalar patch of mesopleuron narrowerthan tegula, densely micropunctate and with afew scattered large punctures, anterior disk withscattered punctures of several sizes, mostly sepa-rated by several times the width of a puncture,posterior disk with close small punctures; poste-rior tibia not inflated, 3 times as long as wide,not ridged on inner surface, sensorium large, sub-circular, not impressed; inner surface of hindbasitarsus not grooved; propodeal areola tricari-nate, median carina extending almost to apex,basal width 1.2 times apical width and 0.6 timeslength, area laterad of areola glossy and delicatelyroughened, submarginal carina lacking; posteriorpropodeal surface with a median ridge on apicalhalf, with fine close punctures elsewhere; lateralpropodeal surface with close oblique weak rugu-lae posteriorly and above, very delicately lineolateanteriorly below.

Preapical impression of first abdominal tergumshallow, punctures large and subcontiguous, 2punctures wide on sides and 1 puncture wide

across middle; pygidium closely punctate on an-terior half and with a moderately broad smoothvitta posteriorly in middle, apical half smoothand glossy.

ALLOTYPE.—6*, same label data as holotype(USNM).

MALE.—Length 7.7 mm. Coloration as in holo-type. Wings paler yellow, stigma dark brown,veins on basal half yellow, light brown on apicalhalf. Vestiture golden.

Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible with stout preapicaldenticle on inner margin; clypeal lobe flat, apexemarginate, lateral angles broadly rounded, 1.5times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front withweak median ridge, contiguously punctate exceptmore sparsely toward side; upper front with largeimpunctate areas, a narrow patch of puncturesseparated from each other by half the width of apuncture below anterior ocellus, eye margin witha strip 2 to 3 punctures in width.

Pronotal disk with a relatively weak anteriorridge and no rugulae behind it, disk with mostpunctures separated by half to about the widthof a puncture except posterior impunctate stripwhich is half the width of disk in middle andabout a sixth at the sides; lateral pronotal surfacelacking median groove, smooth except for somefine close wrinkles below; tegula transparent, 1.2times as long as broad; anterior half of mesopleu-ron with larger punctures separated by I or moretimes the diameter of a puncture and with someinterspersed smaller ones, posterior half with scat-tered fine punctures; inner surface of hind tibiawithout median ridge, sensorium ovate, not im-pressed; marginal cell of forewing extending far-ther toward apex than second submarginal; pro-podeal areola tricarinate, carinae weak, medianone extending to apex, basal width 1.1 timesapical width and 0.6 times length, area adjacentto areola delicately shagreened and subopaque,submarginal carina lacking; ridge separating dor-sal and posterior surfaces weaker than usual;posterior propodeal surface with very short me-dian ridge at apex, surface finely roughened andwith a few punctures; lateral propodeal surface

NUMBER :i74 51

with close, oblique weak rugulae posteriorly andabove, delicately shagreened below anteriorly.

First abdominal segment 1.4 times as long asbroad, preapical impression shallow, 2 punctureswide across middle; posterolateral process (Figure55) of fifth sternum low, very slightly arcuate,almost longitudinal; sixth sternum without a me-dian tuft of dense suberect hair.

PARATYPES.—All CENTRAL PROVINCE, NuwaraEliya District: 39, Id, Nuwara Eliya, G.M. Henry(Colombo), 1$, 25 Apr 1923, Id, 28 Apr 1923, 2$,12 May 1938; 1°., Galway Natural Reserve, Nu-wara Eliya, 6200 ft, 10 Jun 1978, P.B. Karunar-atne, V. Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM);16, Kanda-ela, 2 Jun 1975, S.L. Wood, J.L. Petty(USNM); 19, Hakgala, 3 Apr 1924, G.M. Henry(Colombo). 19, 56<5, same locality as holotype butwith following data (USNM): 16*, 6-7 Feb 1979,K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T.Gunawardane; 26\ 1650-1800 m, 23-25 Feb1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fer-nando, D.W. Balasooriya; 1$, 53d, 23-24 Apr1981, 56 in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, T.Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunga. 1$, Ohiya, 6500 ft, 28Apr 1928, G.M. Henry (Colombo). Paratypeshave been deposited in the National Museums ofSri Lanka (Colombo) and in the British Museum(Natural History).

Female paratypes are 10.0-11.8 mm long anddiffer in no essential details from the holotype.Male paratypes are 7.3-8.1 mm long and arequite similar to the allotype except that the cly-peus may be black, the ridge between dorsal andposterior propodeal surfaces may be present butweak, and the preapical impression of first ab-dominal tergum may be only 1 puncture wideacross the middle.

22. Tiphia wittmeri, new species

FIGURE 60

The female of T. wittmeri is distinguished bythe lack of an anterior ridge on the first abdomi-nal tergum, of a groove on inner surface of hindbasitarsus, of a submarginal carina on the pro-

podeal dorsum, and the dark legs and noninflatedmid and hind tibiae. The male also lacks a ridgeon the first tergum and a submarginal carina onthe propodeal dorsum as well as lacking a mediantuft of dense suberect hair on the sixth abdominalsternum and a ridge on the inner surface of hindtibia, the marginal cell extends farther towardwing apex than second submarginal, the tegulais testaceous and transparent on apical half, andshort rugulae are lacking behind the anteriorpronotal ridge. The sexes are associated on thebasis of having been captured together, althoughnot in copula, at several localities in the lowlandrain forests at Kanneliya, Weddagala, and Gili-male, and also in the Dry Zone at LahugalaSanctuary. The species appears to be quite com-mon in lowland rain forests with high rainfall butoccurs sparingly at several Dry Zone localitieswith lower rainfall. Several males were collectedon foliage of kenda, Macaranga digyna (Wight)Mueller-Argovensis, presumably attracted by se-cretions from the extrafloral nectaries on the up-per leaf surface near attachment of the leaf stem.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for WalterWittmer, Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Swit-zerland, collaborator on Ceylonese Cantharidae.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, SubaragamuwaProvince, Ratnapura District, Gilimale, Indu-ruwa Jungle, 5-7 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane(USNM Type 100272).

FEMALE.—Length 9.5 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except base and apex, flagel-lum beneath, outer and posterior margins of teg-ula, and apices narrowly of tarsal segments. Ves-titure white. Wings slightly infumated, stigmablack, veins light brown.

Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe slightly convex,apex slightly emarginate, lateral angles rounded,width 1.7 times as wide as antennal fossa; lowerfront without median ridge, subcontiguouslypunctate; upper front with 2 impunctate inter-spaces hardly larger than an ocellus, most punc-tures separated by half the width of a puncturebut closer along eye margin.


Pronotal disk with a weak anterior ridge, mostpunctures separated by half or more the width ofa puncture except subcontiguous laterally, pos-terior impunctate area half as wide as disk me-dianly and about a fifth as wide laterally; anteriorscutal escarpment present only in middle, notreaching notauli; tegula 1.3 times as long asbroad, with a delicate incised submarginal grooveposteriorly and on posterior half of lateral mar-gin; subalar patch of mesopleuron as wide astegula, densely and finely punctate and with afew scattered larger ones, anterior half of diskwith most punctures separated by half the widthof a puncture or less, posterior half with densesmall punctures and interspersed larger ones an-teriorly; hind tibia not inflated, 2.8 times as longas wide, median ridge lacking on inner surface,sensorium moderately long, broad at apex, notimpressed; hind basitarsus without mediangroove on inner surface; propodeal areola tricar-inate, median carina complete to apex, surfacefinely roughened, basal width 1.3 times apicalwidth and 0.6 times length, adjacent area deli-cately shagreened anteriorly, glossy and with scat-tered punctures posteriorly, submarginal carinalacking; posterior propodeal surface with a well-developed ridge on apical two-thirds, elsewherewith dense fine punctures and a few interspersedlarger ones; lateral propodeal surface with fine,close oblique rugulae above and posteriorly,glossy and with moderately scattered tiny punc-tures anteriorly below.

Preapical impression of first abdominal tergumshallow, mostly 2 punctures wide across middleand 3 at sides; pygidium on basal two-thirdscontiguously punctate in longitudinal rows andwith a smooth median vitta posteriorly, apicalthird glossy and smooth.


MALE.—Length 7.8 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except base and apex, flagel-lum beneath, fore and mid tibiae beneath, andnarrow apices of tarsal segments; tegula testa-ceous. Vestiture white, tinged with yellow on

apical abdominal segments. Wings very lightlyinfumated, stigma black, veins brown.

Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible with a weak preap-ical denticle (Figure 60); clypeal lobe flat, apexslightly emarginate, lateral angles rounded, apex1.4 times as wide as antennal fossa; lower frontwith contiguous small punctures and no medianridge; upper front with 2 impunctate interspacesbarely wider than an ocellus, elsewhere withpunctures separated by half the width of a punc-ture or less especially along eye margin.

Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge butwithout adjacent short rugulae posteriorly, discalpunctures mostly separated by half the width ofa puncture, posterior smooth area about one-fourth as wide as disk in middle and about aneighth at sides; tegula transparent except antero-laterally, 1.3 times as long as wide, posterior halfof side and apical margin with a delicate sub-marginal groove; anterior half of mesopleuraldisk with moderately large punctures separatedby half or more the width of a puncture and withmany interspersed small punctures, posterior halfwith close small punctures; hind tibia without alongitudinal ridge on inner surface, sensoriumlong, narrow, slightly impressed; marginal cell offorewing extending farther toward apex than sec-ond submarginal; propodeal areola tricarinate,median carina complete, basal width 1.3 timesapical width and 0.9 times length, surface irreg-ularly roughened, area next to areola mostlytransversely lineolate, submarginal carina lack-ing; posterior propodeal surface with a short me-dian ridge near apex, closely punctate elsewhere;lateral propodeal surface with slightly separatedoblique rugulae posteriorly and above, glossy andwith a few scattered punctures below anteriorly.

First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long aswide; preapical impression of first tergum shal-low, 2 punctures wide across middle and 3 atsides; posterolateral process of fifth sternum mod-erately high, arcuate, mainly longitudinally ori-ented; sixth sternum without a median tuft ofdense suberect hair.

PARATYPES.—EASTERN PROVINCE. Amparai Dis-

NUMBER 374 53

trict: 1$, 16*, Lahugala Sanctuary tank, in Malaisetrap, 14-15 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. andS. Karunaratne (USNM). CENTRAL PROVINCE.

Kandy District: 1$, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu-ary, 1800 ft, 3-5 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B.and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM);1$, Hangarapitiya, 1200 ft, 29 Sep 1970, O.S.Flint, Jr., R.E. Faycik (USNM); 1(5, PeradeniyaBotanic Garden, 13 Feb 1975, K.V. Krombein,P.B. and S. Karunaratne, P. Fernando (USNM).WESTERN PROVINCE. Kalutara District: 1$, Morapi-tiya, near Agalawatta, 13-14 Oct 1976, G.F.Hevel, R.E. Dietz IV, S. Karunaratne, D.W.Balasooriya (USNM). SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE.

Kegalla District: 39, 16, Kitulgala, Bandarakele,180-210 m (USNM) as follows: 29, 16, 15 Apr1981, K.V. Krombein, L. Weeratunge, P. Lean-age; 1$, 25-26 Oct 1977, K.V. Krombein, T.Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera, P.A. Panawatta. Rat-napura District: 4$, 396*, Sinharaja Jungle, 2-3 miS of Weddagala, 490-530 m (USNM) as follows:3$, 326, 8-12 Feb 1977,56 on foliage of Macarangadigyna, K.V. Krombein, P. Fernando, D.W. Bal-asooriya, V. Gunawardane; 26, 18-21 Jun 1976,K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne; 1$,56, 22-23 Sep 1977, 26 on foliage of Macarangadigyna, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T.Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera; 36, 8-9 Sep 1979, 16in Malaise trap, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe,L. Jayawickrema, R. Subasinhe. 1$, 46, Gilimale,Induruwa Jungle (USNM) as follows: 1$, 7-8Mar 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T.Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, L. Jayawickrema; 16,same label data as allotype; 16, 16-19 Apr 1981,K.V. Krombein, L. Weeratunge, P. Leanage; 26,19-22 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S.Karunaratne. 1$, Morningside, Rakwana, 4000ft, 8 May 1929, G.M. Henry (Colombo), UVAPROVINCE. Monaragala District: 26, Angunakolape-lessa, in Malaise trap, 17-19 Jun 1978, K.V.Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, V. Kulasekare, L. Jay-awickrema (USNM). SOUTHERN PROVINCE. GalleDistrict: 16, Kottawa Forest Reserve, Hiniduma,11 Mar 1972, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne(USNM). 49, 76, Kanneliya section, SinharajaJungle (USNM) as follows: 16, 11-16 Jan 1975,

K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando,N.V.T.A. Weragoda; 16, 11-12 Mar 1972, K.V.Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne; \9, 13-16 Aug1972, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne; 3$, 56,2-5 Oct 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar-atne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Guna-wardane. MISCELLANEOUS. 16, Ceylon (London).Paratypes have been deposited in the NationalMuseums of Sri Lanka (Colombo) and in theBritish Museum (Natural History).

Female paratypes are 6.5-9.2 mm long, thehead is 1.5-1.7 times as wide as interocular dis-tance at anterior ocellus, and the basal width ofthe propodeal areola is 1.3-1.4 times apical widthand 0.6-0.7 times length. Male paratypes are 4.2-7.1 mm long, the head is 1.5-1.7 times as wide asinterocular distance at anterior ocellus, and thebasal width of the propodeal areola is 1.3-1.5times apical width and 0.8-1.0 the length.Smaller specimens are comparatively moresparsely punctate than the larger.

23. Tiphia wirthi, new species

The female of T. wirthi is distinguished by acombination of the light red legs, normal tegula,lack of a groove on inner surface of hind basitar-sus, noninflated hind tibia, lightly infumatedwings, the anterior escarpment of scutum notextending to notauli, and the crenulate furrowsmargining the carinae of the propodeal areola.The male also has light-red legs and normaltegulae and is further distinguished by a combi-nation of the weak preapical denticle on innermargin of mandible, bilobate clypeal lobe, thesecond submarginal cell extending almost as fartoward wing apex as the marginal, and the com-paratively well-developed, oblique arcuate proc-ess of the fifth abdominal sternum.

The species occurs in both the Dry Zone andWet Zone but chiefly in areas of lower rainfall.

ETYMOLOGY.—It is named for Willis W. Wirth,Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. De-partment of Agriculture, who has provided iden-tifications for dipterous prey of some Ceylonesesphecoid wasps.


HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Southern Province,Hambantota District, Yala, Palatupana, 8-10Mar 1972, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne(USNM Type 100273).

FEMALE.—Length 7.2 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except base and apex, an-tenna beneath, tegula, legs except coxae, andapex of pygidium. Vestiture white. Wings lightlyinfumated, stigma dark brown, veins light brown.

Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe flat, apex slightlyemarginate, lateral angles rounded, 1.4 times aswide as antennal fossa; lower half of front withoutmedian ridge, contiguously punctate on a narrowstrip below and then with larger punctures sepa-rated by half the width of a puncture; upper frontwith several impunctate interspaces wider thanan ocellus, most punctures below anterior ocellusand along eye margin separated by half the widthof a puncture.

Pronotal disk with a weak but complete ante-rior ridge, most punctures separated by half ormore the width of a puncture, apical impunctatearea half as wide as disk along midline and afourth as wide at sides; lateral pronotal surfacedelicately obliquely aciculate and with a weakoblique median furrow; scutum with anteriorescarpment present only across middle, not reach-ing notauli; tegula transparent, 1.1 times as longas wide; subalar patch of mesopleuron denselymicropunctate and with a few scattered largepunctures, anterior half of disk with most punc-tures separated by half or more the width of apuncture, posterior half with numerous smallpunctures and a few interspersed larger ones;hind tibia not inflated, 3 times as long as wide,inner surface not ridged, sensorium subcircular,not impressed; hind basitarsus not grooved oninner surface; propodeal areola tricarinate, me-dian carina extending to apex, all carinae mar-gined by crenulate grooves, basal width 1.4 timesapical width and half the length, area adjacentto areola delicately aciculate, submarginal carinalacking: posterior surface of propodeum with amedian ridge on apical half, with small relativelyclose punctures elsewhere; lateral propodeal sur-

face with oblique, relatively close rugulae onposterior and upper areas, obliquely lineolateanteriorly below.

Preapical impression of first abdominal tergumshallow, contiguously punctate, 1 puncture wideacross middle and 2 at sides; basal half of pygi-dium with small and large subcontiguous punc-tures and a smooth median vitta posteriorly, ap-ical half glossy and smooth.

ALLOTYPE.—6*, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, 5 mi NW Mahiyangana, in Ma-laise trap at Hasalaka Irrigation Bungalow, 30Mar-9 Apr 1971, P. and P. Spangler (USNM).

MALE.—Length 6.5 mm. Black, the followingred: mandible except base and apex, flagellumbeneath, narrow posterior margin of pronotaldisk, tegula, and legs except coxae. Vestiturewhite tinged with yellow on apical abdominalsegments. Wings clear, stigma dark brown, veinslight brown.

Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible with a small preap-ical denticle on inner margin; clypeal lobe withapex emarginate, angles broadly rounded, 1.5times as wide as antennal fossa; upper front with3 impunctate interspaces wider than an ocellus,most punctures separated by half or more thewidth of a puncture except 4 rows along eyemargin subcontiguous.

Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge, be-hind which are short longitudinal rugulae, mostdiscal punctures separated by half the width of apuncture, impunctate apical area a third as wideas disk in middle and an eighth at sides; lateralsurface of pronotum with oblique median groove,lower half with oblique rugulae; tegula transpar-ent, 1.2 times as long as wide; anterior half ofmesopleuron with punctures of uniform size sep-arated by half the width of a puncture, posteriorhalf with extremely small punctures separated byslightly more than the width of a puncture; hindtibia without a median ridge on inner surface;second submarginal cell of forewing extendingalmost as far toward apex as marginal cell; pro-podeal areola tricarinate, median carina extend-ing almost to apex, basal width 1.4 times apical

NUMBER 374 55

width and 0.8 times length, area adjacent toareola glossy except delicately aciculate antero-laterally, submarginal carina lacking; posteriorpropodeal surface with small close punctures,median ridge lacking; lateral propodeal surfacewith somewhat separated oblique rugulae aboveand posteriorly, delicately aciculate below ante-riorly.

First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long asbroad; preapical impression of first tergum shal-low, 1 puncture wide; posterolateral process offifth sternum moderately developed, oblique, ar-cuate; sixth sternum without a median tuft ofdense suberect hair.

PARATYPES.—26*, same label data as allotype(USNM). CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 1$,Thawalamtenne, 18 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasoo-riya (USNM). WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District:19, Colombo, Museum Gardens, 50 ft, 21 Apr1977, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM). 1 9, same labeldata as holotype (USNM). A pair of paratypeshas been deposited in the National Museums ofSri Lanka (Colombo).

Female paratypes are 6.3 mm long and arevery similar to the holotype except that the headis 1.6 times as wide as interocular distance atanterior ocellus, the basal width of propodealareola is 0.6 times the length, and the preapicalband of punctures on first abdominal tergummay be 2 punctures wide across middle. Maleparatypes are 5.9-6.2 mm long and are quite likethe allotype; the head width is 1.5-1.7 times theinterocular distance at anterior ocellus, and thebasal width of the propodeal areola ranges from0.7 to 0.9 the length.

24. Tiphia carvalhoi, new species

This female is similar to that of T. wirthi, newspecies, in having light red legs and normal teg-ula, in lacking a groove on inner surface of hindbasitarsus, and in having a noninflated hind tibia.It differs from T. wirthi in having the anteriorescarpment of scutum complete and reaching thenotauli, in lacking crenulate furrows adjacent to

carinae of propodeal areola, in having completelyred antennae, and in having the wing membraneclear rather than lightly infumated. The male hasa normal tegula, light red tibiae and tarsi exceptthat hind basitarsi are occasionally infuscated, atuft of dense short suberect hair on sixth abdom-inal sternum, and the second submarginal cell offorewing extending as far toward wing apex asthe marginal cell.

Tiphia carvalhoi is known from only a few spec-imens from the Colombo area on the west coastand from the Trincomalee area on the east coast.The sex association is based on the capture ofboth sexes at Colpetty, although not on the samedate.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for JoseC M . Carvalho, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro,Brazil, collaborator on Ceylonese Miridae.

HOLOTYPE.—<3, Sri Lanka, Western Province,Colombo District, Gampaha Botanic Garden, 14Jan 1977, K.V. Krombein, P. Fernando, D.W.Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane (USNM Type100275).

MALE.—Length 5.7 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except base and apex, flagel-lum beneath, posterior margin of pronotum, api-ces of femora, all tibiae and tarsi except hindtibia and tarsus infuscated in part; tegula testa-ceous. Vestiture white, that on apical abdominalsegments tinged with red. Wings very slightlyinfuscated, stigma almost black, veins mediumbrown.

Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe flat, apex slightlyemarginate, lateral angles broadly rounded, 1.5times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front with-out median ridge, with contiguous, rather smallpunctures; upper front without impunctate inter-spaces as wide as an ocellus, a narrow impunctatevitta in front of fore ocellus, punctures adjacentto vitta and along eye margin separated by halfthe width of a puncture.

Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge, shortrugulae behind it absent, discal punctures ratheruniform in size, separated from each other by halfto the diameter of a puncture, apical impunctate


strip a third as wide as disk in middle and a fifthat side; lateral pronotal surface with a strong,oblique, slightly arcuate median groove, upperarea obliquely, closely lineolate, lower area witha few oblique rugulae; tegula transparent, 1.2times as long as wide; mesopleuron with largerpunctures of about same density as pronotal diskand with some interspersed smaller ones; secondsubmarginal cell of forewing extending almost asfar toward apex as marginal cell; hind tibia witha low weak ridge on inner surface; propodealareola tricarinate, median carina complete, basalwidth 1.8 times apical width and subequal tolength, area laterad of areola finely and closelyaciculate, submarginal carina strong, curvingaround spiracular area and terminating in lateralridge four-fifths distance to apex; posterior pro-podeal surface without a median ridge, with closesmall punctures; lateral propodeal surface withclose oblique rugulae above and posteriorly, andclose oblique lineolations anteriorly below.

First abdominal segment unusually broad,length 0.9 times width; first tergum with preapi-cal impression very shallow, 2 punctures wideacross middle, and 3 or 4 at sides; posterolateralprocess of fifth sternum moderately raised,oblique, arcuate; sixth sternum with dense tuft ofsuberect hair except along narrow median streak.

ALLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Western Province,Colombo District, Colombo, Colpetty, 103 GalleRd., 15 May 1968, T.F. Halstead (San Francisco).

FEMALE.—Length 6.3 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except apex, apical half ofclypeal lobe, antenna, posterior margin of pron-otal disk, tegula, legs except coxae and infuscatedhind tarsus, and apical half of pygidium. Vesti-ture white. Wings clear, stigma brown, veins tes-taceous.

Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distanceat fore ocellus; clypeal lobe narrow, margin sub-truncate, angles broadly rounded, 1.2 times aswide as antenna fossa; lower front with medianridge lacking, punctures separated by about halfthe width of a puncture; upper front with severalimpunctate interspaces wider than an ocellus,area below fore ocellus with a row of punctures

separated by half the width of a puncture, andinner eye margin with 3 rows of contiguous punc-tures, remainder of area with very scattered punc-tures.

Pronotal disk with a complete but weak ante-rior ridge, most discal punctures separated by 2or more times the diameter of a puncture exceptlaterally where they are separated by half thewidth and a posterior contiguous row just beforeapical impunctate area which is half as wide asdisk in middle and a fifth at sides; scutum withcomplete anterior escarpment reaching notauli,center of disk contiguously punctate, otherwisesmooth except for a few scattered punctures ad-jacent to notauli; tegula transparent, 1.2 times aslong as wide; subalar patch of mesopleuron nar-rower than tegula, dense minute punctures miss-ing but area minutely roughened and with largerpunctures separated by half their width; meso-pleural disk on anterior half with moderate-sizedpunctures mostly separated by half to the widthof a puncture, posterior half with small, moder-ately close punctures; hind tibia not inflated,almost 3 times as long as broad, inner surfacewithout median ridge; hind basitarsus without agroove on inner surface; propodeal areola tricar-inate, median carina complete, carinae not mar-gined by crenulate grooves, basal width 1.4 timesapical width and 0.6 times length, adjacent areafinely aciculate and with a few small puncturesanterolaterally, submarginal carina lacking; pos-terior propodeal surface with evanescent medianridge on apical two-thirds, finely and closelypunctate; lateral propodeal surface with obliquerugulae on upper and posterior areas more sepa-rated than in T. wirthi, lower anterior areaobliquely lineolate.

First abdominal tergum with preapical impres-sion shallow, 2 punctures wide laterally, and 1puncture across middle, disk before impressionwith rather numerous smaller punctures on me-dian area; basal half of pygidium contiguouslypunctate and with a small median smooth areaposteriorly, apical half smooth and glossy.

PARATYPES.—EASTERN PROVINCE. Trincomalee

District: 2(5, Nilaveli, 18-19 Nov 1979, M. Kosz-

NUMBER M74 57

tarab, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema (USNM).WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 1<3, same labeldata as holotype (USNM). 1(5, Ratmalana, 29Sep 1976, S. Karunaratne (USNM); 1<J, Ratma-lana, near airport, 50 ft, 6 Jun 1976, K.V. Krom-bein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya(USNM). 26*, same locality and collector as allo-type but 4 Apr 1968 (San Francisco). A maleparatype has been deposited in the National Mu-seums of Sri Lanka (Colombo) and in the BritishMuseum (Natural History).

Male paratypes are 4.5-6.0 mm long. Theyagree extremely well with the holotype in mostdetails, but the basal width of the propodealareola is 1.5-1.8 times the apical width and0.9-1.0 times the length, and the femora may bemore extensively to entirely light red.

25. Tiphia consueta Smith

FIGURES 3, 4, 41, 52, 61

Tiphia consueta Smith, 1879:184 [°; Ceylon; type in BritishMuseum (Natural History)].—Cameron, 1892:116.—Bingham, 1896:431 [listed]; 1897:61 [9, 6; Ceylon; syn-onymized 6 Melhoca [sic] nigra Bingham, 1896].—DallaTorre, 1897:135 [listed].—Allen and Jaynes, 1930:101.—Hedicke, 1936:8 [listed].

PMethoca [sic] mgra Bingham, 1896:427, 428, pi. 15: fig. 4[<3, Pundaloya, Ceylon and Tenasserim; type lost?; preoc-cupied in Tiphia by T. mgra Gmelin].—Hedicke, 1936:8[listed as synonym of T. consueta].

Tiphia (Tiphia) consueta Smith.—Allen, 1969:408, 409 [$;redescription of type]; 1975:87, 88 [redescription].

Tiphia consueta Smith occurs in both the WetZone and the Dry Zone from sea level to at least2100 ft. The association of sexes is based on bothhaving been taken together at several localities,including a pair in copula, and on the fact thatboth have a complete median carina on the pos-terior surface of the propodeum.

Bingham's syntype series of M. nigra consistedof two specimens from Pundaloya (correctly Pun-daluoya) collected by Green and three specimensin his collection from various parts of Tenasserim.Undoubtedly it is a mixed series, for I am notaware that any Ceylonese species occurs in Ten-asserim. There are no specimens of Tiphia from

Pundaluoya in the British Museum (Natural His-tory), Zoologisches Museum (Berlin), or NationalMuseums of Sri Lanka (Colombo), nor in theMinistry of Agriculture collection, Sri Lanka,where Green was employed. Bingham's identifi-cation label is now inexplicably on a male Tiphiafrom Aden in the British Museum (Natural His-tory); this specimen cannot be part of Bingham'stype series, for the tegulae are elongate, whereasBingham's illustration is of a male with shorttegulae. There are two unidentified Tiphia malesfrom Tenasserim in the British Museum (NaturalHistory) and the Zoologisches Museum (Berlin).Either or both may be syntypes of M. nigra, butdesignation of one as lectotype should await arevisionary study of the fauna of Tenasserimbased on quantities of material as yet uncollected.I would prefer to designate one of the two Pun-daluoya specimens as lectotype if either is everfound. Undoubtedly, it would be a senior syn-onym of one of my new species but would nottake precedence inasmuch as T. nigra (Bingham)is preoccupied.

I believe it is unlikely that Bingham's male canbe the opposite sex of T. consueta. The village ofPundaluoya is in a valley at about 3500 ft sur-rounded by hills of at least 4000 ft, and I havenever collected T. consueta at more than 2100 ft.I collected at Pundaluoya for an hour in April1981 but obtained no Tiphia.

Both sexes of T. consueta have a normal tegula,lack a transverse carina on the first abdominaltergum, have predominantly or entirely dark legs,and have a complete median ridge on the poste-rior propodeal surface. In addition, the femalehas a median groove on the inner surface of thehind basitarsus, and the legs are entirely darkexcept for the narrow apices of the tarsal seg-ments. The male has a long marginal cell, lacksa preapical denticle on the inner surface of themandible, has a median ridge on the inner surfaceof the hind tibia, and the preapical impression ofthe first abdominal tergum has subcontiguouspunctures.

FEMALE (Figure 4).—Length 6.0-10.9 mm.Black, the following light to medium red: man-


dible except base and apex, frequently base offlagellum beneath and narrow apices of tarsalsegments. Vestiture white. Forewing moderatelyinfumated, stigma black, veins light to mediumbrown.

Head 1.6-1.7 times as wide as interocular dis-tance at fore ocellus; clypeal lobe slightly convex,lateral angles broadly rounded, 1.6-2.0 times aswide as antennal fossa; front without medianridge below, coarsely punctate, and most punc-tures separated by half or less the width of apuncture, usually a narrow impunctate vitta onmiddle of front, no impunctate interspaces aswide as an ocellus.

Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, centerof disk about as coarsely and closely punctate asfront, laterally the punctures less crowded andseparated by at least half the width of a puncture,apical impunctate strip half as wide as disk atmidline and a third as wide laterally; anteriorescarpment of scutum present only in middle, notreaching notauli, center of disk contiguouslypunctate, laterally sparsely so; tegula (Figure 41)1.2-1.3 times as long as broad, opaque; subalarpatch of mesopleuron as wide as tegula, denselyand minutely punctate and with a few scatteredlarger punctures; anterior half of mesopleuronwith subcontiguous smaller punctures than onpronotal disk, posterior half with numerous smallpunctures; mid and hind tibiae not inflated,about 3 times as long as broad, inner surface ofhind tibia with a strong median ridge ending inan impressed sensorium; hind basitarsus with ashallow median groove about half as long assegment; propodeal areola tricarinate (Figure 52),median carina complete, basal width 1.3-1.6times apical width and 0.5-0.6 times length, sur-face irregularly roughened; area adjacent to ar-eola with small scattered punctures on inner half,finely aciculate on outer half, submarginal carinalacking, posterior ridge margined anteriorly byvery short close rugulae; posterior propodeal sur-face with a complete median ridge, elsewherewith moderately close fine punctures; lateral pro-podeal surface with close oblique rugulae poste-

riorly and above, delicately aciculate and usuallywith some fine punctures anteriorly below.

Preapical impression of first tergum shallow,usually 1 puncture wide across middle and 2 atsides; basal half of pygidium contiguously punc-tate in longitudinal rows, without a median im-punctate space posteriorly, apical half irregularlywrinkled and delicately shagreened.

MALE (Figure 3).—Length 5.8-7.3 mm. Black,the following light to medium red: sometimesmiddle of mandible, usually entire flagellum be-neath, foretibia beneath, and narrow apices oftarsal segments. Vestiture white to cinereous,tinged with reddish or infuscated on apical ab-dominal segments. Forewing very lightly infu-mated, stigma black, veins dark brown.

Head 1.6-1.7 times as wide as interocular dis-tance at fore ocellus; mandible without a pre-apical denticle (Figure 61); clypeal lobe almostflat, apex emarginate, lateral angles narrowlyrounded, 1.3-1.6 times as wide as antennal fossa;lower front contiguously punctate and lackingmedian ridge; upper front with most puncturesseparated from each other by half or less thewidth of a puncture, rarely with 1 or 2 impunctateinterspaces as wide as an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge usu-ally margined posteriorly by a series of short weakrugulae, most punctures separated by half or lessthe diameter of a puncture, apical impunctatearea about a third the width of disk medianlyand very narrow laterally; lateral surface of pron-otum with an arcuate median groove, otherwiseobliquely aciculate except narrow area belowwith delicate ridges; tegula opaque, 1.1-1.2 timesas long as wide; anterior half of mesopleural diskwith many punctures separated by half theirwidth or less, posterior half with smaller denserpunctures; marginal cell of forewing extendingfarther toward apex than second submarginal;hind tibia with a median ridge on inner surface;propodeal areola tricarinate, median carina com-plete, basal width 1.4 times apical width and0.8-0.9 times length, surface irregularly rough-ened, area laterad of areola finely aciculate, sub-marginal carina lacking; posterior propodeal sur-

NUMBER 374 59

face with a strong, complete median ridge, upperarea mostly impunctate, lower area finely andclosely punctate; lateral propodeal surface withoblique, more separated rugulae posteriorly andabove, anteriorly below with oblique lineolations.

First abdominal segment 1.3-1.6 times as longas broad; preapical impression of first tergumshallow, 2 punctures wide across middle, 3 or 4 atsides, anterior half of disk with scattered smallpunctures; posterolateral process of fifth sternumlow, arcuate, oblique; sixth sternum without atuft of dense suberect hair.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTH CENTRAL PROV-

INCE. Anuradhapura District: 19, 26*, Ritigala Natu-ral Reserve, 24-25 Feb, Krombein et al. (USNM).

EASTERN PROVINCE. Amparai District: 109, 19<5,Ekgal Aru Sanctuary Jungle, 100 m, 19-22 Feb,9-11 Mar, Krombein et al. (USNM).

CENTRAL PROVINCE. Matale District: 19, KibissaJungle, 0.5 mi W Sigiriya, 1-3 Mar, Krombein etal. (USNM). Kandy District: 19, 16\ 5 mi NWMahiyangana, Hasalaka Irrigation Bung., 30Mar-9 Apr, in Malaise trap, Spangler et al.(USNM); 19, Hasalaka, 107 m, 16-19 Feb,Krombein et al. (USNM); 19, Hantane Hill, 10Dec, Piyadasa et al. (USNM); 239, 5d\ Kandy(includes Roseneath, Deiyannewela, Peak ViewMotel, 1800 ft, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 510-580m, 600 m, 2100 ft), 12, 15-24 Jan, 1, 9-13, 25Feb, 26-28 May, 5-15, 20-30 Jul, 16-31 Aug,1-17, 23-25 Sep, 12-14 Oct, Davis et al., Henry,Karunaratne, Keiser, Krombein et al., Messer-smith et al. (USNM, Colombo, Basel); 19, 3c?,Peradeniya (includes Botanical Garden), 24 Jan,13, 28 Feb, Dec, Buttel-Reepen, Henry, Krom-bein et al., Piyadasa et al. (USNM, Colombo,Berlin); 16\ Teldeniya, 19 Nov, Keiser (Basel);16*, Thawalamtenne, 12-13 Mar, Krombein et al.(USNM).

NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Kurunegala District:29, Kurunegala, Badagamuwa Jungle, 24-27 Jan,16-19 Apr, Krombein et al. (USNM).

WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 49, 16*, La-bugama Reservoir Jungle, 15 Jan, 23 Jun, 11,15-18 Jul, 13-14 Oct, Henry, Krombein et al.(USNM, Colombo); 29, 36\ Gampaha Botanical

Garden, 28 Jan, 24 May, 27 Sep, 8 Nov, Krom-bein et al., Messersmith et al. (USNM); 16*, God-agama, 25 Oct, Robinson et al. (USNM); 26\Colombo, Museum Gardens, 50 ft, 6, 14 Jun,Krombein et al., Wijesinhe (USNM). KalutaraDistrict: 19, Agalawatta, in Malaise trap, 23-25Jul, Huang et al. (USNM).

SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Kegalla District: 19,Kitulgala Jungle, 180-210 m, in Malaise trap,25-26 Oct, Krombein et al. (USNM). RatnapuraDistrict: 16*, Kahawatta, 15 mi SE Ratnapura,500 ft, swept from vegetation in rubber planta-tion, Brinck et al. (Lund); 16", Ratnapura, 21Dec, Henry (Colombo); 26*, Kiriwandeniya, 13mi E Wewelwatta, 20 Jun, Krombein et al.(USNM); 39, 36\ Gilimale, Induruwa Jungle, 26Mar, 16-19 Apr, 10 Oct, 16" in Malaise trap, 1pair in copula (32681 A), Krombein et al.(USNM).

UVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 19, Kalugalla,Namunakula, May (Colombo). Monaragala Dis-trict: 19, Bibile, 18 Jul, Henry (Colombo).

SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Galle District: 19, KottawaForest, 23 Oct, Robinson et al. (USNM). MataraDistrict: 29, near Deniyaya, 1000 ft, in Malaisetrap, Hevel et al. (USNM).

MISCELLANEOUS. 19, Ceylon, Wickwar (Col-ombo); 29, Ceylon, Nietner, #6095 (Berlin).

26. Tiphia vanlithi, new species

The female of T. vanlithi is unique among thefemales of the five Ceylonese species having agrooved inner surface of the hind basitarsus inthat the legs except coxae are light red, the fore-wing is yellowish, and the vestiture is reddishgolden to yellowish. In the other species only themid and hind femora may be red, the vestiture iswhite, and the wings are infumated. The male isdistinguished by having the scape, pedicel, andlegs except coxae light red, fiagellum infuscated,mandible with a preapical denticle on inner sur-face, pronotal ridge with a series of short perpen-dicular carinae posteriorly, and normal tegula.

The species is known only from four specimensfrom two localities in the Wet Zone.


ETYMOLOGY.—It is named for the late J.P. van

Lith, Rotterdam, Netherlands, collaborator onCeylonese Psenirtae.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu-ary, 12-14 Sep 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Ka-runaratne, T. \Vijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V.Gunawardane (USNM Type 100275).

FEMALE.—Length 8.0 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except tip, median lobe ofclypeus, antenna, posterior edge of pronotal disk,tegula, legs except coxae and apical half of pygi-dium. Vestiture reddish golden. Wings yellowishbut not so strongly as in T. pulawskii, new species,stigma reddish, veins amber to light brown.

Head 1.8 times as wide as interocular distanceat fore ocellus; lc>wer front without median ridge,most punctures contiguous; upper front with scat-tered punctures except narrowly along eye mar-gin where they <are contiguous, with several im-punctate areas wider than an ocellus.

Pronotal disk without anterior ridge, manypunctures separated by half the width of a punc-ture except sparser toward side, apical impunc-tate area half a* wide as disk at midline and athird as wide at side; lateral pronotal surface witha weak, oblique, slightly arcuate groove acrossmiddle, upper iirea delicately, obliquely acicu-late, lower area with close oblique carinules; an-terior scutal escarpment weak, present only acrossmiddle, not reaching notauli; tegula transparent,1.2 times as long as broad; subalar patch ofmesopleuron as wide as tegula, densely micro-punctate and with a few scattered larger punc-tures; anterior half of mesopleuron with largerpunctures, manv separated by half the width ofa puncture or more, posterior half with fine closepunctures and ;i few scattered small punctures;hind tibia not inflated, about 3 times as long asbroad, without median ridge on inner surface,sensorium not impressed; inner surface of hindbasitarsus with ;i shallow median groove about athird as long as segment; propodeal areola tricar-inate, median Cttrina almost reaching apex, basalwidth 1.3 times apical width and half the length,area laterad of areola delicately aciculate, sub-

marginal carina lacking; posterior propodeal sur-face with weak median ridge on apical two-thirds,rest of area with fine close punctures; lateralpropodeal surface with close oblique rugulae onposterior and upper areas, obliquely lineolateanteriorly below.

First abdominal tergum with subapical impres-sion shallow, contiguously punctate, 1 puncturewide across middle, 2 at sides; anterior half ofpygidium contiguously punctate except smoothmedian area posteriorly, apical half glossy andsmooth.

ALLOTYPE.—6\ same locality and collectors asholotype but 1800 ft, in Malaise trap, 1-3 Sep1980 (USNM).

MALE.—Length 5.7 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except extreme tip and base,scape and pedicel, tegula except inner anteriorarea, and legs except coxae. Vestiture slightlyyellowish, more intensely so at apex of abdomen.Wings clear, stigma black, veins dark brown.

Head width 1.6 times interocular distance atanterior ocellus; inner margin of mandible withsmall preapical denticle on inner surface; clypeallobe twice as wide as antennal fossa, apex ar-cuately emarginate, lateral angles rounded; lowerhalf of front contiguously punctured, medianridge lacking; upper front with several impunc-tate interspaces wider than an ocellus, a narrowline of close punctures below anterior ocellus, 2rows of contiguous punctures along eye margin,other punctures rather scattered.

Pronotal disk with moderately strong anteriorridge behind which is a series of short perpendic-ular carinae, most discal punctures separated byonce to twice the width of a puncture, apicalimpunctate strip about a third as wide as disk atmidline and a sixth as wide laterally; lateralpronotal surface with a weak arcuate groove,upper area delicately shagreened, lower areaobliquely wrinkled; tegula transparent exceptdarker inner anterior area, delicately shagreened,1.3 times as long as wide; discal mesopleuralpunctures mostly separated by once to twice thewidth of a puncture; hind tibia without a medianridge on inner surface; propodeal areola tricari-

NUMBER 374 61

nate, median carina reaching apex, surface finelyroughened, basal width 1.4 times apical widthand 1.1 times length, area adjacent to areolamostly shagreened, submarginal carina lacking;posterior propodeal surface without medianridge, lower area finely and closely punctate,upper area glossy and smooth; lateral propodealsurface obliquely rugulose posteriorly and ante-riorly above, shagreened on lower anterior area.

First abdominal segment 1.3 times as long aswide; preapical impression of first tergum shal-low, mostly 2 punctures wide; posterolateralimpression of fifth sternum weak, oblique, ar-cuate; sixth sternum without a tuft of dense sub-erect hair.

PARATYPES.— 1$, same locality as holotype but26-28 May 1975, D.H. Messersmith, G.L. Wil-liams, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM). SOUTHERN

PROVINCE. Matara District: 19, Enselwatte, 25 May1975, S.L. Wood, J.L. Petty (USNM). One par-atype has been deposited in the National Mu-seums of Sri Lanka (Colombo).

The paratypes are 7.3 and 8.3 mm long, thetegula is 1.2-1.4 times as long as broad, the basalwidth of the propodeal areola is 1.2-1.3 timesapical width and 0.5-0.6 times the length, andthe clypeal lobe has an emarginate apex, broadlyrounded lateral angles and is 1.3-1.4 times aswide as antennal fossa. The topotypic paratype iscolored as in the holotype, but that from Ensel-watte lacks red on clypeus and antenna above,and the vestiture is weakly yellowish.

27. Tiphia hirashimai, new species

FIGURES 43, 45, 47, 49, 59

Tiphia hirashimai is the largest known CeyloneseTiphia (9, 11.6-15.1 mm; 6\ 6.5-8.4 mm). Thefemale is readily separated from those of all otherCeylonese species except T. dayi, new species, andT. fennahi, new species, by the bright-red mid andhind femora. In addition to being larger thanthose two species, T. hirashimai has a much moredensely punctate front, and the clypeus has anevenly and broadly rounded apical margin. The

male is distinguished by the predominantly blacklegs, lack of a tuft of dense suberect hair on thesixth abdominal sternum, the marginal cell ex-tending farther toward apex of forewing than thesecond submarginal, the opaque, shagreened teg-ula, the median ridge on inner surface of hindtibia, the preapical denticle of the mandible, andthe relatively very broad first abdominal tergumwith weak and finely punctate preapical impres-sion.

The species is known from a number of speci-mens from localities in a circumscribed area ofthe central Hill Country of the Wet Zone andseems to be abundant only in Kandy.

ETYMOLOGY.—I take pleasure in naming it formy colleague Yoshihiro Hirashima, Kyushu Uni-versity, Fukuoka, Japan, collaborator on Cey-lonese Nomiinae and Ceratininae.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu-ary, 2100 ft, 20-30 Jul 1976, S. Karunaratne(USNM Type 100276).

FEMALE.—Length 12.3 m. Black, the followingbright red: mandible except base and apex, andmid and hind femora; flagellum light reddishbrown beneath. Vestiture white. Forewing infus-cated, stigma black, veins medium brown.

Head 1.8 times as wide as interocular distanceat fore ocellus; clypeal lobe not set off, entireclypeal margin broadly and evenly rounded (Fig-ure 49); front without median ridge, coarselypunctate, most punctures contiguous or subcon-tiguous but some on upper front separated by thewidth of a puncture, no impunctate interspacesas wide as an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with a weak anterior ridge, punc-tures contiguous anterolaterally and in a rowadjacent to impunctate apical section, elsewhereseparated by half the diameter of a puncture,apical impunctate area two-thirds as wide as diskin middle and a third at sides; lateral pronotalsurface with an oblique median groove, upperarea closely obliquely aciculate, lower angle finelywrinkled; anterior escarpment of scutum presentonly on middle, not extending to notauli; tegulaopaque, delicately shagreened, 1.2 times as long


as broad; subalar patch of mesopleuron as wideas tegula, closely micropunctate and with scat-tered larger punctures; anterior half of mesopleu-ron with most punctures separated by half thewidth of a puncture or less, posterior half withfine dense punctures; hind tibia not inflated (Fig-ure 47), 3 times as long as broad, inner surface(Figure 45) with a median ridge ending in aslightly depressed sensorium; hind basitarsus(Figure 43) with a median groove half as long assegment; propodeal areola tricarinate, mediancarina extending almost to apex, narrow stripadjacent to median carina irregularly roughened,basal width 1.3 times apical width and half thelength, area adjacent to areola delicately sha-greened, submarginal carina evanescent, presentonly on basal half; posterior propodeal surfacewith a weak median ridge on apical half, withdense fine punctures and a few scattered smallones; lateral propodeal surface with close obliquerugulae on posterior and upper areas, delicatelyaciculate anteriorly below.

Preapical impression of first abdominal tergumweak, with contiguous punctures that are 1 punc-ture wide across middle and 2 or 3 laterally; basalhalf of pygidium contiguously punctate in longi-tudinal rows and with a median impunctate areaposteriorly, apical half with a few wrinkles atbase, smooth at tip.

ALLOTYPE.—6\ same locality as holotype but600 m, 12-14 Oct 1980, in Malaise trap, K.V.Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L.Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM).

MALE.—Length 8.3 mm. Black, the followingred: middle of mandible, foretibia and tarsusbeneath, and narrow apices of mid tarsal seg-ments; flagellum light brown beneath. Vestiturewhite, tinged with yellow on apical abdominalsegments. Forewing very lightly infumated,stigma black, veins dark brown.

Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distanceat fore ocellus; mandible with a preapical denticle(Figure 59) on inner margin; clypeal lobe withemarginate apex and broadly rounded angles, 1.7times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front con-tiguously punctate and without a median ridge;

upper front predominantly contiguously punctatebut some punctures separated by half or more thewidth of a puncture and with 2 impunctate in-terspaces almost as wide as an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with strong anterior ridge butlacking short rugulae behind ridge, puncturessmall, mostly separated by the width of a punc-ture or more except laterally where they areseparated by half the width of a puncture, pos-terior impunctate area a third as wide as disk inmiddle and a fifth as wide at sides; tegula opaque,shagreened, 1.3 times as long as wide; anteriorhalf of mesopleuron with most punctures sepa-rated by half or more the width of a punctureand with scattered smaller punctures, posteriorhalf more closely punctate with very small punc-tures along posterior margin; marginal cell ex-tending farther toward forewing apex than sec-ond submarginal; inner surface of hind tibia witha strong median ridge; propodeal areola tricari-nate, median carina extending to apex, basalwidth 1.4 times apical width and equal to length,area adjacent to areola delicately aciculate andwith a few scattered punctures, submarginal car-ina present on basal half; posterior propodealsurface with weak median ridge on basal half,and with moderately close small punctures exceptnarrow area above impunctate; lateral propodealsurface with close oblique rugulae posteriorly andabove, obliquely lineolate on lower anterior area.

First abdominal segment 1.3 times as long asbroad; preapical impression of first tergum veryshallow and broad, with a single row of smallpunctures separated from each other by the widthof a puncture; posterolateral process of fifth ster-num strong, slightly arcuate, oblique; sixth ster-num without tuft of dense suberect hair.

PARATYPES. CENTRAL PROVINCE. Mdtdle Dis-

trict: 19, Mousakande, Gammaduwa, G.M.Henry, 11 Nov 1929 (Colombo). Kandy District:19, Mandagaloya, 1900 ft, Peak Wilderness area,29 Sep 1970, O.S. Flint, Jr., R J . Faycik (USNM);19, Woodside, Urugalla, Sep 1922, G.M. Henry(Colombo); 219, 2Id, Kandy as follows: 29, 26\Udawattakele Sanctuary, 2100 ft, 5-15 Jul 1976,S. Karunaratne (USNM); 59, 2(5, same label data

NUMBER :574 63

as holotype (USNM); 39, 3c?, UdawattakeleSanct., 26-30 Jul 1978, 1$ in yellow pan trap, Idin Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar-atne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Kula-sekare (USNM); 1$, Udawattakele Sanct., 2-13Aug 1976, S. Karunaratne (USNM); \9, Uda-wattakele Sanct., 16-31 Aug 1976, S. Karunar-atne (USNM); 1$, 24 Aug 1914, G.M. Henry(Colombo); 3$, 36, Udawattakele Sanct., 1800 ft,1-3 Sep 1980, 1<5 in Malaise trap, K.V. Krom-bein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jaya-wickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM); 1<5, LadyHorton's, 7 Sep 1953, F. Keiser (Basel); Id, Uda-wattakele Sanct., 8-10 Sep 1977, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera(USNM); 2$, 2(5, Udawattakele Sanct., 21-22Sep 1980, 19 in pitfall trap, 1<5 in Malaise trap,K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe,L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM); 26,Udawattakele Sanct., 23-25 Sep 1980, 1 in Ma-laise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, L.Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane, P. Leanage(USNM); 39, Sep 1910, O.S. Wickwar (Col-ombo); 4c5, same label data as allotype, 2 inMalaise trap (USNM); 16, Udawattakele Sanct.,14-16 Oct 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar-atne, P. Fernando, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera(USNM); 16, Udawattakele Sanct., 2-5 Nov1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wi-

jesinhe, M. Jayaweera (USNM). MISCELLANEOUS.29, Ceylon, Nietner, #6091 (Berlin). A pair ofparatypes has been deposited in both the Na-tional Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo) andBritish Museum (Natural History).

Female paratypes are 11.6-15.1 mm long andagree in most details with the holotype, exceptthat lateral pronotal surface below groove maybe obliquely rugulose, lower anterior area of lat-eral propodeal surface may have some dense, finepunctures, tegula may be 1.4 times as long asbroad, head width may be 1.9 times as great asinterocular distance at fore ocellus, and basalwidth of propodeal areola may be 1.5 times apicalwidth. Male paratypes are 6.5-8.4 mm long andagree in most details with the allotype, but thehead width may be 1.8 times the interocular

distance, the lower front may have a medianridge, the tegula may be only 1.1 times as long asbroad, the basal width of the propodeal areolamay be 1.6 times as great as apical width, and inlarge specimens the first abdominal segment maybe only 1.1 times as long as broad, and the clypeallobe only 1.5 times as wide as antennal fossa.

28. Tiphfa dayi, new species

PTiphia rufo-femorata Smith.—Bingham, 1896:431 [9; Pun-daloya, Ceylon; misidentification].

Tiphia rufofemorata Smith does not occur in SriLanka. Considering the altitude and locality, it isprobable that Bingham misidentified as T. rufo-femorata a female of the species described here asT. dayi. It is the only female with red femora thatis likely to occur at Pundaluoya.

Tiphia dayi, T. fennahi, new species, and T.hirashimai, new species, are unique in the Cey-lonese fauna in that the females have light-redmid and hind femora and a median groove onthe inner surface of the hind basitarsus. Thefemale of the latter species is considerably largerthan the former two and is also easily distin-guished by having the clypeal margin broadlyand evenly rounded rather than having a rela-tively narrow median lobe extending beyond therest of the margin.

Tiphia dayi occurs most commonly at higheraltitudes and is rarely found below about 2000 ftelevation, whereas T. fennahi is more common atlow altitudes and is not found higher than 2200feet. Typical females of the two species are nor-mally separated without difficulty because thoseof T. dayi are usually more sparsely punctate,having several impunctate areas on the upperfront wider than an ocellus, many discal punc-tures on the mesopleuron separated by one toseveral times the diameter of a puncture, and thesubapical band of punctures on the first abdom-inal tergum only one puncture wide across themiddle. Females of T fennahi are usually moredensely punctate, the upper front with smallerand fewer impunctate interspaces, mesopleural


punctures separated at most by the width of apuncture, and the preapical band of punctures offirst tergum two punctures wide across the mid-dle; however, the frontal and mesopleural punc-tation is occasionally denser in T. dayi, particu-larly at lower altitudes such as UdawattakeleSanctuary, Kandy, and the two species must thenbe separated by the preapical punctation on firsttergum.

The males of T. dayi and T. fennahi have thelegs predominantly dark, the sixth abdominalsternum without a tuft of dense suberect hair, themarginal cell extending farther toward apex offorewing than the second submarginal, the teguladark, opaque, and normal in size, the inner sur-face of the hind tibia usually without a longitu-dinal ridge or narrow smooth strip, and the man-dible with a preapical denticle on the inner mar-gin. Males of these species are readily separatedfrom each other by the shape of the first abdom-inal segment, which is 1.3-1.4 times as long asbroad in T. dayi and 1.1 times as long as broad inT. fennahi, by the erect vestiture of the body,which is black in the former species and silvery,cinereous or light brown in the latter, and by theusually relatively sparser punctation of T. dayi.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Mi-chael C. Day, British Museum (Natural History),London, collaborator on Ceylonese Pompilinae.

HOLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Nuwara Eliya District, Hakgala Natural Reserve,1650-1800 m, 23-25 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasoo-riya (USNM Type 100277).

FEMALE.—Length 8.1 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except tip, mid and hindfemora, and narrow apices of tarsal segments.Vestiture white to cinereous. Wings lightly infu-mated, stigma black, veins brown.

Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distanceat fore ocellus; clypeal lobe with subtruncateapex, 1.3 times as wide as antennal fossa; frontwithout median ridge, upper part with scatteredpunctures except for contiguous punctures alongeye margin and with several impunctate inter-spaces wider than an ocellus.

Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, punc-tures subcontiguous anteriorly, laterally, and ina row adjacent to broad posterior impunctatearea, elsewhere punctures separated by 1 or moretimes the width of a puncture, posterior impunc-tate strip half as wide as disk in middle and afourth as wide at sides; lateral pronotal surfacewith a weak oblique median furrow, delicatelyobliquely lineolate above and with fine obliquecarinules below; scutum with anterior escarpmentpresent only in middle; tegula opaque, shining,1.3 times as long as wide; subalar patch of me-sopleuron smaller than tegula, densely micro-punctate and with a few scattered larger punc-tures; mesopleural disk with most punctures sep-arated by 1 to several times the width of a punc-ture, comparatively sparser below; hind tibia notinflated, 2.8 times as long as broad, inner surfacewithout a median ridge, sensorium not impressed;hind basitarsus with a median groove on innersurface half as long as segment; propodeal areolatricarinate, median carina extending four-fifthsof distance to apex, basal width 1.4 times apicalwidth and half the length, surface smooth with afew small punctures; area laterad of areolasmooth on posterior half, finely shagreened onanterior half, submarginal carina lacking; poste-rior propodeal surface finely and closely punctateand with a weak ridge on lower half; lateralpropodeal surface with close oblique rugulae onposterior and upper areas, smooth anteriorly be-low.

Preapical impression of first abdominal tergumweak, 1 puncture wide across middle, severalpunctures wide at side; pygidium contiguouslypunctate on basal half and with a narrow medianimpunctate space posteriorly, apical half smooth.


MALE.—Length 6.3 mm. Black, foretibia be-neath red. Erect vestiture on body black. Fore-wing moderately infumated, stigma black, veinsbrown.

Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distanceat anterior ocellus; mandible with preapical den-ticle on inner margin; clypeal lobe shallowly

NUMBER 374 65

emarginate at apex, bluntly rounded laterally,1.3 times as wide as antennal fossa; lower frontwith very weak median ridge, subcontiguouslypunctate; upper front with 2 impunctate inter-spaces as wide as an ocellus, punctures separatedby half or once the diameter of a puncture excepta narrow strip along inner eye margin subcontig-uously punctate.

Pronotal disk with strong anterior ridge butlacking rugulae behind ridge, most puncturesseparated by the width of a puncture or more,posterior impunctate area half as wide as disk inmiddle and very narrow at side; tegula opaque,delicately shagreened, 1.3 times as long as wide;mesopleural disk with most punctures separatedby twice or more the width of a puncture; mar-ginal cell extending farther toward wing apexthan second submarginal; inner surface of hindtibia without a median ridge or smooth streak;propodeal areola tricarinate, median carina com-plete, surface finely roughened, basal width 1.6times apical width and 1.1 times length; surfaceadjacent to areola mostly transversely, delicatelycarinulate, submarginal carina lacking; posteriorpropodeal surface with a weak median ridge onlower half, the upper half smooth, lower halftransversely delicately carinulate; lateral propo-deal surface with delicate oblique rugulae poste-riorly and anteriorly above, shagreened anteriorlybelow.

First abdominal segment slender, 1.3 times aslong as wide; preapical impression of first tergumbroad, shallow, mostly 2 punctures wide; poster-olateral process of fifth sternum low, oblique,arcuate; sixth sternum without dense tuft of sub-erect setae.

PARATYPES.—CENTRAL PROVINCE. Matale Dis-trict: 29, 1(5, Mousakande, Gammaduwa, 5-9 Nov1929, G.M. Henry (Colombo). Randy District: 69,4<5, Randy as follows: 1$, Udawattakele Sanctu-ary, 8-11 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karu-naratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Guna-wardane (USNM); 1$, Udawattakele Sanct.,14-20 Apr 1975, S. and P.B. Karunaratne(USNM); 1$, Udawattakele Sanct., 25-27 Apr1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Weera-

tunge (USNM); 1(5, Udawattakele Sanct., 26-30Jul 1978, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, V. Ku-lasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM); 1<5, Uda-wattakele Sanct., 1-3 Sep 1980, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawick-rema, V. Gunawardane (USNM); 1(5, Udawat-takele Sanct., 1800 ft, 21-22 Sep 1980, K.V.Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L.Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM); \9,Udawattakele Sanct., 1800 ft, 23-25 Sep 1980,K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, L. Jayawick-rema, V. Gunawardane, P. Leanage (USNM);1(5, Roseneath, 29 Sep 1953, F. Keiser (Basel); 2$,Udawattakele Sanct., 600 m, 12-14 Oct 1980,K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe,L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM). 1<5,Thawalamtenne, 12-13 Mar 1981, K.V. Krom-bein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunge (USNM). \9,Adams Peak Trail, 4.5 mi W Maskeliya,1690-1770 m, 21 Oct 1977, K.V. Krombein(USNM). Nuwara Eliya District: 39, 4c5, Ohiya asfollows: 1(5, 6500 ft, 23 Apr 1928, G.M. Henry(Colombo); 1$, Apr 1928, G.M. Henry (Col-ombo); 1$, 33, Apr 1929, G.M. Henry (Colombo);1$, 5500 ft, 1 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, S.Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM). 19, 1(5,Elk Plains, G.M. Henry (Colombo) as follows: 1$,4 May 1938; 1(5, 23 Aug 1929. 189, 37(5, NuwaraEliya as follows: 19, stream below Lover's Leap,2 Apr 1978, M.D. Hubbard, T. Wijesinhe(USNM); 39, 3(5, 27-29 May 1975, D.H. Mes-sersmith, G.L. Williams, P.B. Karunaratne(USNM); 1(5, One Tree Hill, 1900 m, 1 Jun 1953,F. Keiser (Basel); 89, 25(5, Galway Natural Re-serve, 6200 ft, 10 Jun 1978, P.B. Karunaratne, V.Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM); 29, 1(5,25-26 Jul 1924, G.M. Henry (Colombo); 39, 7(5,Galway Nat. Res., 1790-1990 m, 22-23 Oct 1977,K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera.P.A. Panawatte (USNM); 19, 28 Sep-1 Oct 1973,Galway Nat. Res., K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karu-naratne, P. Fernando (USNM). 29, Kanda-elaReservoir, 5.6 mi SW Nuwara Eliya, 6200 ft asfollows: 19, 10-21 Feb 1970, DR. Davis, W.L.Rowe (USNM); 19, 1-5 Oct 1970, O.S. Flint, Jr.,R J . Faycik (USNM). 19, Hakgala, Jan 1906


(Colombo); 29, 4c?, Hakgala, G.M. Henry (Col-ombo) as follows: 16\ 22 Mar 1924; Id, 17 Aug1929; 16\ 19 Aug 1929; 1$, 22 Aug 1929; 1?, 24Aug 1929; 16\ 26 Aug 1929. 14$, 105<?, HakgalaNatural Reserve (USNM) as follows: 39, 5c?, 6-7Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T.Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawardane; 109,80c?, 1650-1800 m, 23-25 Feb 1977, 1 pair incopula, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P.Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya; 19, 18c?, 23-24 Apr1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Weera-tunge; 2c?, 6000 ft, 6-8 Oct 1976, G.F. Hevel,RE. Dietz IV, S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasoo-riya. WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 19, Uda-hamulla, Sep 1926, G.M. Henry (Colombo), SA-BARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Kegalla District: 29, Ki-tulgala (USNM) as follows: 19, Makande Mu-kalana, 3-4 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Ka-runaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gun-awardane; 19, Bandarakele, 17-18 Mar 1979,K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe,L. Jayawickrema, T. Gunawardane. UVA PROV-

INCE. Badulla District: 19, Badulla, 3000 ft, 14 Apr1922, G.M. Henry (Colombo). Omitted from thetype series are 19, Ceylon, #6091, Nietner (Berlin)because the abdomen is lacking, 19, Kitulgala(USNM) because the head is lacking, and 19,Yatiyantota, Kegalla Dist. (Colombo) because itis very moldy. Paratypes have been placed in theNational Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo) andBritish Museum (Natural History).

Female paratypes are 6.9-10.6 mm long. Thedensity of punctation is variable, the most denselypunctate specimens having the upper front withonly two impunctate interspaces as wide as anocellus and most punctures on upper front sepa-rated by less than the width of a puncture, thepronotal disk similarly punctate, and the meso-pleural disk with many punctures separated atmost by half the diameter of a puncture; thepunctation of the preapical impression of the firstabdominal tergum, however, is quite constant.Male paratypes are 4.5-7.6 mm long. The follow-ing differences are noteworthy: vestiture may bebrown in older specimens or those from lowerelevations; mid tibia may be reddish beneath; the

punctation is sometimes relatively denser; theinner surface of hind tibia may have a smoothmedian streak or ridge; and the first abdominalsegment is 1.3-1.4 times as long as broad.

29. Tiphia fennahi, new species

Both sexes of T. fennahi resemble rather closelythose of T. dayi, new species, the preceding species.Females of the present species are usually moreclosely punctate than those of T. dayi. The fewfemales of the latter species with denser puncta-tion on the head and thorax can be distinguishedfrom those of T. fennahi by having the preapicalband of punctures on first abdominal tergum 1puncture wide across the middle rather than 2.Males are more easily distinguished, becausethose of T. fennahi have silvery, cinereous, or light-brown erect vestiture rather than black, and thefirst abdominal segment 1.1 times as long asbroad rather than 1.3-1.4 times as in T. dayi.Furthermore, T. fennahi is common at low alti-tudes ranging upward to 2200 ft, whereas T. dayiis found from 2000 to 6200 ft. Tiphia fennahi occursin both the Dry Zone and the Wet Zone, whereasT. dayi is restricted to the Wet Zone.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for R.G.Fennah, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology(retired), London, collaborator on Ceylonese Del-phacidae.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Eastern Province,Amparai District, Ekgal Aru Sanctuary Jungle,100 m, 19-22 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya(USNM Type 100278).

FEMALE.—Length 7.5 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except extreme base and tip,mid and hind trochanters and femora, and nar-row apices of tarsal segments. Vestiture white.Wings lightly infumated, stigma black, veinsbrown.

Head 1.8 times as wide as interocular distanceat fore ocellus; clypeal lobe with apex slightlyemarginate, lateral angles rounded, width 1.5times diameter of antennal fossa; lower frontwithout median ridge, subcontiguously punctate;

NUMBER 374 67

upper front with 2 impunctate interspaces aboutas wide as an ocellus, 2 rows of subcontiguouspunctures along eye margin, punctures elsewhereseparated by half or the diameter of a puncture.

Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, major-ity of punctures subcontiguous but somewhatmore separated toward side, posterior impunctatestrip half as wide as disk along midline and a fifthas wide laterally; lateral pronotal surface with aweak oblique median groove, area aboveobliquely lineolate, area below very delicatelyobliquely rugulose; median escarpment of scutumpresent only in middle, not reaching notauli;tegula opaque, shining, 1.3 times as long as wide;subalar patch of mesopleuron as large as tegula,densely micropunctate and with a few largerpunctures; anterior half of mesopleural disk withmost punctures separated at most by width of apuncture; hind tibia not inflated, 2.9 times aslong as wide, inner surface without a medianridge, sensorium not impressed; hind basitarsuswith a median groove on inner surface about halfas long as segment; propodeal areola tricarinate,median carina extending four-fifths toward apex,basal width 1.4 times apical width and 0.6 timeslength, surface adjacent to areola finely sha-greened, submarginal ridge lacking; posteriorpropodeal surface with a short median ridge be-low, surface with dense small punctures; lateralpropodeal surface with close oblique rugulae onupper and posterior areas, delicately shagreenedon lower anterior area.

Preapical impression of first abdominal tergumshallow, 2 punctures wide across middle; pygi-dium contiguously punctate on basal half andwith a large smooth median space posteriorly,apical half glossy and smooth.

ALLOTYPE.—c$, same label data as holotype.MALE.—Length 5.1 mm. Black, the following

light red: mandible except base and apex, flagel-lum beneath, tibiae beneath and tarsi except hindbasitarsus infuscated. Vestiture cinereous, lightbrown on dorsum of thorax and abdomen. Wingsvery lightly infumated, stigma black, veinsbrown.

Head width 1.6 times interocular distance at

anterior ocellus; inner margin of mandible witha small preapical denticle; clypeal lobe withemarginate apex, lateral angles rounded, 1.6times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front with-out median ridge, subcontiguously punctate; up-per front with several interspaces wider than anocellus, inner eye margin with 3 or 4 rows ofcontiguous to subcontiguous punctures, punc-tures elsewhere separated by half to more thanthe width of a puncture.

Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge butlacking short rugulae behind ridge, most discalpunctures separated by no more than the diam-eter of a puncture, posterior impunctate area athird as wide as disk at midline, diminishingtoward side until evanescent; lateral pronotalsurface with a weak arcuate median groove, up-per area delicately shagreened, lower areaobliquely lineolate; tegula opaque, delicately sha-greened, 1.3 times as wide as long; anterior halfof mesopleural disk with most punctures sepa-rated by no more than the width of a puncture,scattered smaller punctures absent; marginal cellextending farther toward wing apex than secondsubmarginal; inner surface of hind tibia withouta median ridge or smooth strip; propodeal areolatricarinate, median carina extending almost toapex, basal width 1.6 times apical width and 1.1times length, area adjacent to areola smooth pos-teriorly, delicately transversely lineolate ante-riorly, submarginal groove lacking; posterior pro-podeal surface without median ridge, glossy andwith scattered small punctures; lateral propodealsurface obliquely rugulose above, obliquely lineo-late below.

First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long asbroad; preapical impression of first tergum broad,shallow, 3 to 4 punctures wide; posterolateralprocess of fifth sternum low, arcuate, mostlytransversely oriented; sixth sternum without tuftof dense suberect hair.

PARATYPES.—NORTHERN PROVINCE. Mannar Dis-trict: 1°., Cashew Corp., Ma Villu, 17-21 Feb1979, in Malaise trap, K..V. Krombein, T. Wijes-inhe, S. Siriwardane, L. Jayawickrema (USNM).EASTERN PROVINCE. 2$, 26, same label data as


holo- and allotype (USNM); 26*, same localitybut 9-11 Mar 1979, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijes-inhe, S. Siriwardane, L. Jayawickrema (USNM).CENTRAL PROVINCE. Matale District: 26, Mousak-ande, Gammaduwa, 5-9 Nov 1929, G.M. Henry(Colombo); 1$, Kibissa Jungle, 0.5 mi W Sigiriya,1-3 Mar 1979, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, S.Siriwardane, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane(USNM). Kandy District: 26, Thawalamtenne,2200 ft, 1 in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V.Gunawardane (USNM). 69, 206\ Kandy as fol-lows: 16*, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 1600 ft, 18-21Jan 1977, K.V. Krombein, P. Fernando, D.W.Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane (USNM); 16*,Udawattakele Sanct., 8-11 Feb 1979, K.V.Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S.Siriwardane, T. Gunawardane (USNM); 16*, Feb1910, O.S. Wickwar (Colombo); 19, Udawattak-ele Sanct., 25-27 Apr 1981, K.V. Krombein, T.Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunge (USNM); 29, Uda-wattakele Sanct., 2100 ft, 5-15 Jul 1976, S. Ka-runaratne (USNM); 19, Udawattakele Sanct.,26-30 Jul 1978, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe,V. Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM); 36*,Udawattakele Sanct., 1800 ft, 1-3 Sep 1980, K.V.Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L.Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM); 46*,Udawattakele Sanct., 1800 ft, 21-22 Sep 1980, 3in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar-atne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Guna-wardane (USNM); 19, 26*, Udawattakele Sanct.,1800 ft, 23-25 Sep 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawar-dane, P. Leanage (USNM); 19, 76*, UdawattakeleSanct., 600 m, 12-14 Oct 1980, 36* in Malaisetrap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wi-jesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane(USNM); 16*, Hantana, 23 Dec 1953, F. Keiser(Basel), WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 16*,Labugama Reservoir, 400 ft, 2-3 Oct 1976, G.F.Hevel, R.E. Dietz IV, P.B. and S. Karunaratne,D.W. Balasooriya (USNM). SABARAGAMUWA

PROVINCE. Ratnapura District: 49, 26*, Gilimale, In-duruwa Jungle (USNM) as follows: 19, 16*, 7-8Mar 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T.

Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, L. Jayawickrema; 39,13-15 Mar 1979, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe,S. Siriwardane, L. Jayawickrema; 16*, 26 Mar1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Weera-tunge. UVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 19, Ood-oowerre, Demodera, 24-31 Dec 1935, G.M.Henry (Colombo). Monaragala District: 16*, Ingi-niyagala, 1 Aug 1954 (Colombo). Paratypes havebeen deposited in the National Museums of SriLanka (Colombo) and British Museum (NaturalHistory).

Female paratypes are 6.5-8.4 mm, and malesare 4.4-7.4 mm long. Among the females thefrontal and mesopleural punctation is occasion-ally closer than in the holotype, the head widthis 1.7-1.8 times interocular distance at anteriorocellus, the tegula is 1.2-1.3 times as long asbroad, the propodeal areola is 1.4-1.5 times aswide at base as at apex, and the basal width is0.5-0.6 times the length. Among the males thefore and mid femora may be light red in part andthe fore and mid tibiae entirely so. The puncta-tion may also be denser than in the allotype, thehead width is 1.6-1.7 times interocular distanceat anterior ocellus, the tegula is 1.2-1.3 times aslong as broad, and the basal width of the propo-deal areola is 1.3-1.6 times apical width and 1.0-1.2 times the length.

30. Tiphia wahisi, new species

This small species is known only from a shortseries of males taken in a Malaise trap nearWilpattu National Park in the Dry Zone andfrom a single male from a Malaise trap at Deni-yaya in the Wet Zone. The characters whichdistinguish it are the normal tegula, second sub-marginal cell extending almost as far toward apexof forewing as the marginal cell, the lack of a tuftof dense erect setae on the sixth abdominal ster-num, the mostly longitudinally oriented postero-lateral process of the fifth sternum, and the light-reddish tarsi and antennal flagellum beneath.

ETYMOLOGY.—I am pleased to name the speciesfor Raymond Wahis, Chaudfontaine, Belgium,collaborator on Ceylonese Pepsinae.

NUMBER 374 69

HOLOTYPE.—6\ Sri Lanka, North Central Prov-ince, Anuradhapura District, Hunuwilagamanear Wilpattu, 200 ft, in Malaise trap, 28 Oct-3Nov 1976, G.F. Hevel, R.E. Dietz IV, S.Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM Type100279).

MALE.—Length 5.0 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible except base and apex, scapeand flagellum beneath, fore and mid tibiae andtarsi; tegula testaceous, transparent. Vestitureshort, relatively sparse on abdomen, white. Wingsclear, stigma black, veins light brown.

Head width 1.6 times interocular distance atanterior ocellus; inner margin of mandible with-out a preapical denticle; clypeal lobe relativelynarrow, 1.4 times as wide as antennal fossa, mar-gin subtruncate, lateral angles rounded; lowerfront without median ridge, with close contiguouspunctures; upper front with small puncturesmostly separated by at least twice the width of apuncture except along inner eye margin wherethey are closer, and with several impunctate in-terspaces wider than an ocellus.

Pronotal disk with a moderate anterior trans-verse ridge with short weak rugulae behind ridge,discal punctures small and separated by 1 to 2times the width of a puncture, apical impunctatearea a third as wide as disk at midline and a sixthas wide laterally; lateral pronotal disk without amedian groove, upper area obliquely striolate,lower half with a few oblique rugulae; tegulaglossy, smooth, 1.2 times as long as wide; meso-pleural disk with small punctures separated by 1to 2 times the width of a puncture and with a fewinterspersed minute punctures; hind tibia withoutmedian ridge on inner surface; propodeal areolatricarinate, median carina complete to apex,basal width twice the apical width and three-fourths the length, surface of areola weakly irreg-ularly rugulose, area laterad of areola smoothposteriorly, closely transversely lineolate ante-riorly, submarginal ridge lacking; posterior pro-podeal surface with a weak median ridge on lowerhalf, surface weakly roughened; lateral propodealsurface with mostly longitudinal rugulae poste-

riorly and above, finely and closely lineolate an-teriorly below.

First abdominal segment 1.2 times as long asbroad; preapical impression shallow, mostly 2punctures wide; posterolateral process of fifthsternum relatively high, slightly arcuate, mainlylongitudinally oriented; sixth sternum withouttuft of dense suberect hair.

FEMALE.—Unknown.PARATYPES.—76*, same label data as holotype

(USNM). SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Matale District: \6,Deniyaya, near 1000 ft, 19-20 Oct 1976, in Ma-laise trap, G.F. Hevel, R.E. Dietz IV, S. Karu-naratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM). Paratypeshave been placed in the National Museums of SriLanka (Colombo) and British Museum (NaturalHistory).

The paratypes are 4.9-6.1 mm long and areotherwise very similar to the holotype.

31. Tiphia sabroskyi, new species

This species is known from a short series ofmales mostly from localities in the Dry Zone. Itis very similar to the male of T. wittmeri, newspecies, a taxon which occurs mostly in the WetZone and quite sparingly in the Dry Zone. Themale of T. sabroskyi may be distinguished by thenormal tegula that is transparent except for inneranterior area, the second submarginal cell of theforewing not extending so far toward the apex asthe marginal cell, absence of entirely red legs,lack of a tuft of dense erect hair on sixth abdom-inal sternum, presence of short rugulae behindanterior pronotal ridge, a sinuous submarginalridge on dorsal propodeal surface, and the ex-tremely sparse oblique rugulae on upper sectionof lateral propodeal surface.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for CurtisW. Sabrosky, Systematic Entomology Labora-tory, U.S. Department of Agriculture (retired),who has furnished identifications of some dipter-ous prey of Ceylonese solitary wasps.

HOLOTYPE.—6\ Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, Hasalaka, 107 m, 16-19 Feb


1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fer-nando, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM Type 100280).

MALE.—Length 6.9 mm. Black, the followinglight red: mandible in middle, flagellum beneath,apex narrowly of all femora, fore and mid tibiaeand tarsi, narrow apices of hind tibia and tarsalsegments; tegula testaceous and transparent ex-cept inner anterior area opaque and dark. Vesti-ture white except apex of abdomen slightly yel-lowish. Wings clear, stigma black, veins lightbrown.

Head width 1.6 times interocular distance atanterior ocellus; mandible without preapical den-ticle on inner margin; clypeal lobe relatively nar-row, 1.3 times as wide as antennal fossa, marginsubtruncate, lateral angles rounded; lower frontwith contiguous small punctures, median ridgelacking; upper front with a narrow impunctatestrip below anterior ocellus, punctures separatedby I to 2 times the width of a puncture exceptseveral rows of contiguous punctures along eyemargin, no impunctate interspaces as wide as anocellus.

Pronotal ridge moderately high, margined pos-teriorly by short perpendicular carinae, discalpunctures separated by half to the width of apuncture, closer laterally, posterior smooth areaabout a third as wide as disk at midline andbecoming narrower laterally; lateral pronotal sur-face without median groove, smooth above, withoblique wrinkles below; tegula glossy, smooth, 1.1times as long as broad; mesopleural disk withsmall punctures separated by half to the width ofa puncture and with some interspersed minutepunctures; hind tibia with a median ridge oninner surface; propodeal areola tricarinate, me-dian carina complete, enclosed area smooth, basalwidth 1.6 times apical width and subequal tolength; area laterad of areola mostly smooth witha few discal punctures and a relatively strongsinuous submarginal carina; posterior propodealsurface with a short median carina below, closelypunctulate on a narrow median strip, and nar-rowly irregularly roughened laterally, the inter-vening area smooth; lateral propodeal surfacewith oblique rugulae on posterior and upper areas

sparser than normal, moderately shagreened an-teriorly below.

First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long asbroad; preapical impression of first tergum shal-low, with rather large punctures 1 puncture wideacross middle and 2 punctures wide laterally;posterolateral process of fifth sternum low, ar-cuate, mostly transversely oriented; sixth sternumwithout tuft of dense suberect hair.

FEMALE.—Unknown.PARATYPES.—EASTERN PROVINCE. Trincomalee

District: 16\ China Bay, 0-100 ft, in Malaise trap,27-31 Jan 1977, K.V. Krombein, P. Fernando,D.W. Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane (USNM).WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 16*, GampahaBotanic Garden, 14 Jan 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane(USNM). UVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 26, Ban-darawela, 7 Apr 1931, G.M. Henry (Colombo);1(5, Diyatalawa, Jun 1904 (Colombo), SOUTHERN

PROVINCE. Hambantota District: 1<5, Katagamuwa,7-11 Feb 1936, G.M. Henry (Colombo). A para-type has been deposited in the National Museumsof Sri Lanka (Colombo).

Paratypes are 5.2-6.6 mm long. They are quitesimilar to the holotype in most details, but themid tibia is sometimes infuscated on outer sur-face, the mandible may have a weak preapicaldenticle, the smooth area below fore ocellus maybe lacking, and the margin of the clypeal lobemay be slightly emarginate.

Subfamily MYZININAE

This group is represented in Sri Lanka by fivespecies of Mesa Saussure and two species of Hylo-mesa Krombein. One new species of Mesa and onenew species of Hylomesa are known only from SriLanka; a second new Mesa occurs also in SouthIndia. The remaining four species were all de-scribed earlier, the three species of Mesa occurringin India also, and the one species of Hylomesaoccurring through India and Southeast Asia tothe Philippines.

Mesa was proposed as a genus by Saussure;later authors treated it as a subgenus of Plesia or

NUMBER 574 71

Elis. Later Krombein (1937) re-elevated Mesa togeneric rank. Myzine dimidiata Guerin, M. petiolataSmith, and M. clanpennis Bingham are all trans-ferred to the genus Mesa for the first time and arelisted as new combinations therein.

Females of the four smaller species of Mesa(karunaratnei, new species, flavipennis, new species,petiolata, and claripennis) are similar in most detailsof coloration, vestiture and sculpture, as are themales of the same species. To conserve space Ihave described only M. karunaratnei in detail. De-scriptions of the other three species are limited to

a listing of the characters in which each differsfrom M. karunaratnei.

Hosts of the Ceylonese Mesa are unknown butare presumed to be larvae of scarabaeid beetlesin the soil, because the legs of the female Mesaare strongly modified for fossorial use. Hylomesalongiceps (Turner) has been bred in India from thelarva of a cerambycid beetle dwelling in timber.Presumably the new Hylomesa parasitizes suchlarvae also, because all specimens were capturedwhile flying around dead standing or fallen treetrunks.

Key to Ceylonese Species of Myzininae

1. Head red, rest of body black, without pale markings; anterior surface ofmesopleuron concave; head of female quadrate as viewed from above,mandible with subapical tooth; male hind coxa carinate along innermargin above. Hylomesa Krombein 2

Head entirely black in female, with some yellow or white markings inmale; anterior surface of mesopleuron flat; head of female transverse asviewed from above [Figure 6], mandible without subapical tooth; malehind coxa not carinate above along inner margin. Mesa Saussure . . . 3

2. Pronotum and first abdominal tergum each with a strong transverse ridgeanteriorly in both sexes; larger species, $, 15-25 mm long, 6\ 12-17mm; front of female mostly contiguously to subcontiguously punctate,vertex with subcontiguous punctures immediately behind ocelli, mostlyimpunctate posteriorly; inferior margin of hind femur of female ob-tusely angulate toward apex; second to sixth abdominal sterna of malewith scattered suberect discal setae; genitalia [Figure 39]

37. Hylomesa longiceps (Turner)Pronotum and first abdominal tergum not ridged anteriorly, except male

with ridge on first tergum; smaller species, 9, 13 mm long, <5, 9.7-13mm; upper half of front of female with widely separated punctures,vertex with very few scattered punctures behind ocelli; inferior marginof hind femur of female right-angled near apex; second to fifth abdom-inal sterna of male with scattered suberect discal setae, sixth with apatch of dense suberect longer hair on posterior two-thirds; genitalia[Figure 40] 38. Hylomesa anomala, new species

3. MALES 4

FEMALES 8

4. Larger, 14-17 mm; apical two-thirds of forewing infumated, basal thirdclear; abdomen entirely black as is thorax except for testaceous posteriormargin of pronotum; genitalia [Figure 10], inner surface of cuspis witha mixture of long, flattened setae and shorter capitate setae

32. Mesa dimidiata (Guerin)


Smaller, 8-14 mm; wings clear; thorax and abdomen with pale yellow orwhitish markings 5

5. Antenna shorter, flagellum somewhat clavate toward apex, terminalsegments proportionately shorter and reddish beneath; forecoxa yellowentirely or in part; front and propodeal dorsum coarsely pitted; geni-talia [Figure 11], inner surface of both cuspis and gonostyle with highlymodified, flattened setae, gonostyle also with row of very stout thornsat edge of setose portion 35. Mesa claripennis (Bingham)

Antenna longer, flagellum slender, terminal segments proportionatelylonger and not reddened beneath 6

6. Apical half of seventh tergum rounded, pygidial area lacking; forecoxayellow beneath; front coarsely pitted; genitalia [Figure 14], inner surfaceof cuspis with comparatively sparse, very slightly flattened setae

33. Mesa karunaratnei, new speciesApical half of seventh tergum with a pygidium consisting of a median

ridge on either side of which is a narrow, grooved punctate areamargined laterally by another ridge; inner surface of cuspis withcomparatively denser setae 7

7. Forecoxa yellow; front and propodeal dorsum with separated punctures;genitalia [Figure 13], cuspis on apical third with very long, curled,inwardly directed setae, basal two-thirds with dense, slightly flattenedsetae 34. Mesa flavipennis, new species

Forecoxa black; front and propodeal dorsum coarsely pitted; genitalia[Figure 12], cuspis on apical third without such setae, elsewhere withsparser, strongly flattened setae 36. Mesa petiolata (Smith)

8. Larger, 16-19 mm long; wings very dark; abdominal segments 2-4red 32. Mesa dimidiata (Guerin)

Smaller, not over 11 mm long; wings usually yellowish, infuscated only inM. petiolata; abdomen usually entirely black 9

9. Forewing infuscated on apical two-thirds, strongly yellow on basal third,veins light brown on apical two-thirds; punctures on pronotal diskelongate, tending to be confluent in longitudinal rows toward side;apex of clypeal lobe subtruncate, weakly tridentate; posterior surface ofpropodeum with coarser punctures 36. Mesa petiolata (Smith)

Wings weakly to strongly yellowish, veins yellow or amber; pronotalpunctures round, separated; posterior surface of propodeum withsmaller punctures 10

10. Wings weakly yellowish, veins amber; clypeal lobe with apex broadlyrounded; pronotal dorsum rather uniformly punctate, without a nar-row, smooth strip along midline . 3 5 . Mesa claripennis (Bingham)

Wings strongly yellow as are veins; clypeal lobe subtruncate, very weaklytridentate; pronotal dorsum more sparsely punctate toward midlineand with a narrow smooth strip there 11

11. Scutum between parapsidal furrows virtually impunctate; scutellum withvery scattered, fine punctures; abdominal terga uniformly dark; narrow

NUMBER 1374 73

apical margin of pygidium weakly or not at all shagreened33. Mesa karunaratnei, new species

Scutum between parapsidal furrows with a few scattered punctures;scutellum with comparatively denser, somewhat larger punctures; api-ces of second to fifth abdominal terga usually narrowly reddish; narrowapical margin of pygidium more strongly shagreened

34. Mesa flavipennis, new species

32. Mesa dimidiata (Guerin), new combination

Figure 10

Myzine dimidiata Guerin, 1837584, 585 [6; Bombay; type inMuseum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)].—Bing-ham, 1897:68, 69.—Dalla Torre, 1897:123.—Maxwell-Lefroy, 1909:193 [records mating of M. dimidiata Guerinand M. madraspatana Smith].

Methoca |sic] Orientalis Smith, 1855:66 [<5; Northern India;type in British Museum (Natural History)].—Dalla Torre,1897:3.

Myzine Madraspatana Smith, 1855:72 [$; Madras; type inBritish Museum (Natural History)].—Bingham, 1897:65,66.—Dalla Torre, 1897:124.

Myzine violaceipennis Cameron, 1897:21, 23 [<3; Poona, Bom-bay; type in Oxford University Museum].

Plesia (Mesa) madraspatana (Smith).—Turner, 1908a:507, 508[synonymizes this and M. violaceipennis Cameron].

Plesia (Mesa) dimidiata (Guerin).—Turner, 1908a:508 [syn-onymizes this and M. orientalis}.

Elis (Mesa) dimidiata (Guerin).—Turner, 1912:715 [synony-mizes under this M. orientalis Smith, M. madraspatana Smith,and M. violaceipennis Cameron; all of India except north-west].

The synonymy noted above was established byTurner (1908a, 1912) and was confirmed by Max-well-Lefroy (1909), who mentioned that Dutt hadcollected a pair in copula.

In addition to being the largest Ceylonese Mesa,it differs at once from other species in the femalehaving the abdomen red on basal segments in-stead of being entirely black and in the malehaving most of the forewing dark, the abdomenblack without yellow bands, and the pronotaldisk margined anteriorly by a strong ridge. It israther rare in Sri Lanka and appears to be re-stricted to Dry Zone areas below 2000 feet.

FEMALE.—Length 16-19 mm, forewing 12-13mm. Black, apex of first abdominal segment andall of second through fourth segments red. Wingsstrongly infumated except base of hind wing.

Erect vestiture sparse and light red.Apex of median lobe of clypeus evenly

rounded, basal two-thirds with a low keel; frontwith coarse contiguous punctures and a shallowmedian groove on lower half; ocelli in a lowtriangle, posterior pair margined behind by a rowof deep contiguous punctures; postocellar dis-tance 0.67 times ocellocular distance and 0.56times ocelloccipital distance; vertexal puncturescoarse but more separated than on front.

Pronotal disk with coarse punctures confluentin longitudinal rows, lateral surface with smallerseparated punctures anteriorly and longitudinalrugulae posteriorly; center of scutum with a fewscattered pits, laterally with closer, smaller punc-tures; scutellar disk with confluent pits; meso-pleural disk with large contiguous pits; dorsalsurface of propodeum with a narrow cuneatedepression bearing close transverse rugulae, ad-jacent to this finely and closely punctate andsmooth closer to sides; lateral surface with closeoblique rugae; posterior surface with scatteredmoderately large punctures except laterally wherethey are contiguous.

Pygidium closely longitudinally striate exceptfor narrow shagreened strip on apical eighth.

MALE.—Length 14-17 mm, forewing 8-11mm. Black, the following cream: basal two-thirdsof mandible, transverse bar on clypeal lobe, apexof antennal tubercles, base of tegula, and uppersurface of foretibia and tarsus; posterior marginof pronotum testaceous. Apical two-thirds of fore-wing and apical third of hind wing stronglyinfumated. Erect vestiture whitish to cinereous,short on abdomen, longer on head and thorax.

Median lobe of clypeus gently emarginate atapex, lateral tooth small, rounded; front coarsely,contiguously punctate; ocelli in a low triangle,


posterior pair margined behind by a row of shal-low punctures, postocellar distance subequal toocellocular distance and 0.62 times ocelloccipitaldistance; vertex with small punctures separatedby at least the diameter of a puncture.

Pronotal disk margined anteriorly by a trans-verse ridge, behind this with moderate, subcon-tiguous punctures, laterally with longitudinal ru-gae on lower half which extend upward on ante-rior part, remainder of surface with scatteredsmall punctures; scutum mostly with scatteredpunctures a bit larger than on pronotal disk;scutellar disk with coarser contiguous to subcon-tiguous punctures; mesopleural disk with contig-uous punctures of same size as scutellar disk;dorsal surface of propodeum with contiguoussmaller punctures except for a smooth area oneach side behind spiracle; lateral surface with anarrow area of contiguous punctures above, else-where with oblique rugae; posterior surface withcontiguous smaller punctures than on dorsal sur-face.

Petiole of first abdominal segment stout, short,only a third as long as the enlarged posteriorsection; pygidial area of seventh tergum flat,ovoid, central ridge higher than lateral carinae,surface between these with a row of punctures,apex truncate; genitalia (Figure 10).


Vavuniya District: 1$, Mankulam, Dec, Wickwar(Colombo); 19, Nedunkerni, Nov, Wickwar (Col-ombo); 16*, Mamadu, Apr (Colombo). MannarDistrict: 16", 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte, Wilpattu Natl.Park, 15-16 Feb, in Malaise trap, Krombein etal. (USNM); 1$, Kondachchi, Ma Villu, 11-12Apr, Krombein et al. (USNM).

NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District:19, 16*, Horawupotana, 8 and 14 Oct, Henry(Colombo); 16*, Pannika Wila, Wilpattu Natl.Park, in Malaise trap, 1 Nov, Krombein et al.(USNM); 16*, Hunuwilagama near Wilpattu, 200ft, in Malaise trap, 28 Oct-3 Nov, Hevel et al.(USNM). Polonnaruwa District: 16", Pimburettawa,13 mi S of Mannampitiya, 1850 ft, 9-12 Nov,Flint (USNM); 1$, Habarana, Oct (Colombo).

UVA PROVINCE. Monaragala District: 19, 16*,Okkampitiya, 1 —10 Dec, Karunaratne (Ottawa).

SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Hambantota District: 1$, Su-riyawewa Road, Sep (Colombo).

MISCELLANEOUS. 19, 16*, no locality labels (Col-ombo).

33. Mesa karunaratnei, new species

FIGURE 14

The male of this species is unique among Cey-lonese Myzininae in that the seventh tergum doesnot have a flattened pygidial area but has thedorsum slightly convex. The female has the fore-wing and veins strongly yellow as does M. flavi-pennis, new species. It is distinguished from thatspecies by the sparse punctation of the front andvirtually impunctate scutum.

The majority of the type series was captured inthe garden of the Colombo Museum by P.B.Karunaratne, former curator in entomology, be-tween 7:30 and 9:00 A.M. Females were crawlingon the ground, and the males were flying lowover the ground searching for females. Threemales were collected while attempting to matewith newly emerged females on the ground. Twoother males attempted to mate on the groundwith a newly emerged female and male of Tiphiahirsuta Smith.

ETYMOLOGY.—I am pleased to name the speciesfor P.B. Karunaratne, collector of most of thespecimens and my companion during many col-lecting trips in his country.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Western Province,Colombo District, Museum Gardens, Colombo,50 ft, 2 Jul 1977, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM Type100281).

FEMALE.—Length 10.5 mm, forewing 6.2 mm.Black, mandible except tip and tegula dark red.Forewing membrane and veins strongly yellow,hind wing clear with testaceous veins. Erect ves-titure glittering white, slightly tinged with yellow-ish on head.

Apex of clypeal lobe subtruncate, very weaklytridentate, angled along midline at base, but notkeeled; lower half of front with weak mediangroove and moderate-sized punctures separated

NUMBER 1574 75

by distances varying from half to the full diameterof a puncture, upper half of front smooth exceptfor a few subcontiguous punctures adjacent toeye; ocelli in a low triangle, ocellocular distance0.9 times postocellar distance and 0.8 times ocel-loccipital distance, hind ocelli not margined by aposterior groove or row of punctures; vertex withpunctures separated by 1 or more times the di-ameter of a puncture.

Pronotal disk with punctures a bit larger thanon front, median fourth with very scattered punc-tures, laterally the punctures separated by abouthalf the diameter of a puncture; sides of prono-tum mostly closely, obliquely rugulose, closelypunctate only on a narrow strip adjacent to dor-sum; scutum virtually impunctate, with only avery few scattered small punctures; scutellumwith small punctures separated by twice or morethe diameter of a puncture; mesopleural disk withpunctures about same size as on pronotum, somesubcontiguous but many separated by half thediameter of a puncture; dorsal surface of propo-deum with a narrow shallow median groovewhich is slightly wider anteriorly than posteriorly,adjacent to this with fine close shallow punctures;lateral surface with close, slightly oblique rugu-lae; posterior surface with irregularly placed,somewhat larger punctures than dorsum.

Narrow apical margin of pygidium smooth,not shagreened.

ALLOTYPE.—<5, same label data as holotype(USNM). This male was attempting to mate withthe holotype; both specimens bear code number7277 D.

MALE.—Length 12.3 mm, forewing 7.2 mm.Black, abdomen with faint blue reflections, thefollowing lemon yellow: palpi, mandible exceptapex, clypeus, frontal tubercles, band on posteriorhalf (middle) to third (side) of dorsal surface ofpronotum and anterior angle of lateral surface,tegula, apex of mesosternum, narrow bands atapices of first to sixth abdominal terga, anteriormargins of second to sixth bi-emarginate, tinyposterolateral spots on second to fifth sterna, foreand mid coxae beneath, apical half of forefemur,apical third of mid femur, apical sixth of hind

femur, fore and mid tibiae externally, basal two-thirds of hind tibia, and all tarsi except apicalsegment. Wings clear, veins medium brown,stigma darker. Erect vestiture silvery, relativelydense but not long on head and thorax, shorterand sparser on abdominal dorsum; abdominalsternum with suberect short, relatively sparse se-tae.

Median lobe of clypeus gently emarginate atapex, lateral teeth small, rounded, and separatedfrom each other by the diameter of first flagellarsegment; front contiguously and finely pitted ex-cept for small smooth area in front of fore ocellus;ocelli in a low triangle, postocellar distance 1.1times the ocellocular distance and 0.8 times theocelloccipital distance, hind ocelli not marginedby a punctate groove; vertex with punctures be-hind ocelli separated by about the diameter of apuncture and by about half the diameter of apuncture laterally; flagellum long and filiform,segments not noticeably widened toward apex.

Pronotal disk without anterior ridge, surfacewith small punctures which are contiguous ante-riorly and separated by about half the diameterof a puncture on posterior half; lateral surfacewith subcontiguous small punctures and veryshort rugae posteriorly adjacent to smooth pos-terior margin; scutum and scutellar disk withsmall punctures separated by about half the di-ameter of a puncture; mesopleural disk withcoarser, deeper, subcontiguous punctures exceptposteriorly where they are fine, close, and shallow;propodeum with small contiguous punctures.

Petiole of first abdominal segment half as longas nodose section of first tergum, the latter withsmall punctures mostly separated by about thediameter of a puncture; second to fifth terga withsmaller punctures separated by 2 or more timesthe diameter of a puncture; sixth tergum withsome interspersed larger punctures; seventh ter-gum with dorsum evenly convex, without ridgesor grooves, apex narrowly emarginate; genitaliaof paratype (Figure 14).

PARATYPES.—8$, 7c5, same label data as holo-type (USNM); 2(5, Colombo, 30 Sep 1924, atlight, and 5 Oct 1938, G.M. Henry (Colombo):


16, Colombo, 6 Sep 1966, P.B. Karunaratne (Ot-tawa), NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Puttalam District:26, Deduru Oya, 5 Mar 1958, R.L.A. Perera(Lawrence), MISCELLANEOUS. 16*, Ceylon, Nietner(Berlin). Paratypes of both sexes have been de-posited in the National Museums of Sri Lanka(Colombo) and British Museum (Natural His-tory). Male paratypes are in the ZoologischesMuseum (Berlin), University of Kansas, and Ca-nadian National Collection.

Female paratypes are 10.0-10.6 mm long anddiffer very little from the holotype; some speci-mens have the narrow apical rim of the pygidiumdelicately shagreened. Male paratypes are 9.6-13.0 mm long and agree with the allotype in allimportant details. The yellow spots on abdominalsterna are smaller in a few specimens and entirelylacking in one male which also has narrow bandson the terga.

34. Mesa flavipennis, new species

FIGURE 13

The females of M. flavipennis and M. karunarat-nei, new species, are unique among the Ceylonesespecies in having the forewing strongly yellowishand with yellow veins. The female of M. flavipennisdiffers from M. karunaratnei in being compara-tively more densely punctate especially on upperfront, scutum, and scutellum and in having theapices of the second to fourth or fifth abdominalterga narrowly reddened. The males of M. flavi-pennis, M. karunaratnei, and M. petiolata (Smith)

have long, filiform antennal flagella; M. flavipennisis readily distinguished from the latter two speciesby having the front with separated puncturesinstead of being contiguously pitted.

The type series was captured in several DryZone localities at altitudes not over 500 ft and onboth the east and west coasts. Several males havebeen collected also in South India.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is from theLatin flavus (yellow) plus penna (feather), in allu-sion to the strongly yellowish forewings of thefemale.

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Southern Province,Hambantota District, Palatupana, 3-6 Feb 1975,K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando,E.G. Dabrera (USNM Type 100282).

FEMALE.—Length 9.4 mm, forewing 5.5 mm.Black, mandible except apex, tegula, apices oftarsal segments and narrow apical bands on sec-ond to fifth abdominal segments dark red. Fore-wing membrane and veins strongly yellow, hindwing clear with testaceous veins. Erect vestitureglittering white.

Other details as noted for M. karunaratnei exceptas follows.

Frontal groove not well developed, its locationmarked by a row of subcontiguous punctures,upper half of front with punctures medially andlaterally so that there are only 2 relatively smallsmooth areas; postocellar distance 0.8 times ocel-locular distance and 0.7 times ocelloccipital dis-tance; vertex laterally with some punctures sep-arated by half the diameter of a puncture.

Pronotal disk with only a narrow median im-punctate strip; scutum more closely but verysparsely punctate; scutellum with many of punc-tures separated by not much more than the di-ameter of a puncture.

Narrow apical margin of pygidium stronglyshagreened.

ALLOTYPE.—6, same label data as holotype(USNM).

MALE.—Length 11.5 mm, forewing 6.2 mm.Coloration, vestiture, and other details as notedfor M. karunaratnei except as follows.

Erect vestiture on abdominal dorsum denser.Front with subcontiguous punctures; postocel-

lar distance 0.9 times ocelloccipital distance; mostpunctures on vertex separated by half the diam-eter of a puncture.

Petiole of first abdominal segment 0.6 times aslong as nodose posterior section of first tergum;second to fifth terga with smaller puncturesmostly separated by about the diameter of apuncture; pygidial area of seventh tergum flat-tened, ovoid, central ridge higher than lateralcarinae, surface between these with a row of

NUMBER 374 77

punctures, apex not emarginate; genitalia of par-atype (Figure 13).

PARATYPES.—69, 8(5, same label data as holo-type (USNM); 4$, same label data as holotypebut 10-12 Aug 1972, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Ka-runaratne (USNM); 1$, same label data as holo-type but 28 Sep 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera(USNM); 46, Palatupana tank, 15 m, 29 Mar-2Apr 1981, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, T.Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunge (USNM); 1$, Palatu-pana tank, 15-50 ft, 18-20 Jan 1979, K.V. Krom-bein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwar-dane, T. Gunawardane (USNM). UVA PROVINCE.

Monaragala District: \6, Inginiyagala, 30 Aug 1953,F. Keiser (Basel), EASTERN PROVINCE. BatticaloaDistrict: 5c?, Maduru Oya, Punani, 500 ft, 9-14Jun 1969, P.B. Karunaratne (Ottawa), NORTHERN

PROVINCE. Mannar District: 26, 0.5 mi NE of Kok-motte Bungalow, Wilpattu Natl. Park, 21-25May 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karu-naratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM). SOUTH IN-DIA. Kurumbagaram: 36*, Karikal Terr., Dec 1952,P.S. Nathan (Corvallis). Tranquebar: 26, Dec 1952,P.S. Nathan (Corvallis). Paratypes of both sexeshave been deposited in the National Museums ofSri Lanka (Colombo) and British Museum (Nat-ural History), and male paratypes are in theCanadian National Collection, the Natural His-tory Museum in Basel, and the Oregon StateUniversity Collection, Corvallis.

Female paratypes are 7.8-10.4 mm long andare very similar in most details to the holotypeexcept that three have only a narrow polishedstreak rather than a median groove on dorsum ofpropodeum, and four lack the narrow reddenedapices on the abdominal segments. Male para-types are 8.0-12.3 mm long and agree in allimportant details with the allotype. The palemarkings on five specimens are ivory rather thanyellow, and the smallest specimen from near Kok-motte Bungalow is more sparsely punctate, no-ticeably so on the head.

35. Mesa claripennis (Bingham), newcombination

FIGURES 5, 6, 11

Myzine claripennis Bingham, 1897:68 [$; Burma, Tenasserim;type in British Museum (Natural History)].—Nurse,1902:82 [?, differentiated from M. hortata Nurse in key].

Myzine hortata Nurse, 1902:81, fig. 6 [$; Deesa; location oftype unknown but probably unlabeled as type in BritishMuseum (Natural History)].

Plesia (Mesa) hortata (Nurse).—Turner, 1908a:512 [$; Deesaand Pusa, Bengal].

Elis (Mesa) claripennis (Bingham).—Turner, 1912:718 [9, (5;Burma, Ceylon, Bengal, Deesa; synonymizes this and M.hortata Nurse and describes <$].

I have examined Bingham's type of M. claripen-nis and find that it agrees in all essential detailswith the Ceylonese population described below.The Nurse collection is in the British Museum(Natural History), but there is no specimen bear-ing a label "A/, hortata." Nurse's description agreeswith M. claripennis, and I accept Turner's synon-ymy of M. hortata under M. claripennis. M.C. Daybelieves that Nurse may have removed the labelfrom his type when Turner made the synonymyin 1912 and that an unidentified specimen fromDeesa, 9-01, may be the actual type. I have afemale of M. claripennis in my collection fromDeesa, 11-01, sent to me in exchange many yearsago by R.E. Turner. Turner sent it and two malesalso from Deesa identified as M. petiolata (Smith),but both sexes agree with his (1912) key charac-ters for M. claripennis. The two males belong totwo species, and neither agrees in genitalia witheither M. claripennis or M. petiolata. One male ofM. claripennis in the National Museums of SriLanka (Colombo) was identified by Turner as M.petiolata, and another was identified by him as theprobable male of M. ceylonica.

Mesa claripennis is almost as widely distributedin Sri Lanka as M. petiolata. Like that species itoccurs from sea level to at least 2100 ft and inboth Wet and Dry Zone areas, although it ismuch more abundant in the Dry Zone. It also iswidely distributed in the rest of the Indian sub-continent (I have seen specimens from Coimba-tore and Kodaikanal in South India as well as


from Deesa), and it has been recorded from Pusain Bengal, Burma, and Tenasserim. Dates of col-lection in Colombo suggest that the species maybreed throughout the year.

Mesa claripennis is unique among Ceylonesemales in that the antennal flagellum is reddishbeneath, relatively shorter, and with the segmentstoward apex becoming gradually broader so thatthe flagellum has a slightly clavate appearance.The female is the only species with the wingsweakly yellowish and with the median lobe of theclypeal margin broadly rounded instead of beingsubtruncate and weakly tridentate.

FEMALE (Figure 6).—Length 8-10.5 mm, fore-wing 6.2-7.0 mm. Black, mandible except baseand apex and tegula at apex reddish, apices oftarsal segments brownish. Forewing membraneslightly yellowish, hind wing clear, veins amber.Erect vestiture glittering white, slightly tingedwith yellowish on head.

Other details as noted for M. karunaratnei, newspecies, except as follows.

Apex of clypeal lobe gently rounded; upperhalf of front with most punctures separated byonce to twice the diameter of a puncture; posto-cellar distance 0.6 times ocellocular distance and0.5 times ocelloccipital distance; hind ocelli mar-gined behind by a row of punctures but notgrooved; punctures on vertex separated by thediameter of a puncture or less.

Pronotal disk with punctures as small as onfront, separated by about half or more the di-ameter of a puncture; side of pronotum on lowerhalf obliquely striate or the striae evanescent;scutum with a few more scattered punctures.

MALE (Figure 5).—Length 7.5-12.0 mm, fore-wing 5.1-6.7 mm. Coloration, vestiture, and otherdetails as in M. karunaratnei except as follows.

Color occasionally creamy; flagellum light redbeneath except basal segment or two; clypeuswith a pair of small, transverse subbasal spots,bands on abdominal terga narrower, spots onsterna sometimes lacking, forecoxa occasionallyblack at base or entirely black, mid and hindfemur occasionally all black, and apical half of

hind tibia black. Suberect vestiture on abdomenrelatively denser.

Median lobe of clypeus more shallowly emar-ginate, lateral angles broadly rounded not den-tate; postocellar distance 0.6 times the ocellocularand postocellar distances; hind ocelli occasionallymargined behind by a very shallow punctategroove; punctures on vertex separated by half thediameter of a puncture; flagellum shorter, seg-ments on apical half becoming slightly widertoward apex so that flagellum appears somewhatclavate.

Lateral surface of pronotum with close, smallpunctures, rugae lacking except where puncturestend to be contiguous in short rows; propodealdorsum closely pitted.

Petiole of first abdominal segment 0.6 times aslong as nodose section of first tergum; most smallpunctures of second to fifth terga separated byabout 1.5 times the diameter of a puncture; py-gidial area of seventh tergum flattened, ovoid,median ridge higher and broader than lateralridges, surface between them with a row of punc-tures, apex slightly emarginate; genitalia (Fig-ure 11).


Mannar district: 7$, 26*, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte bun-galow, Wilpattu Natl. Pk., 49 in Malaise trap,15-16 Feb, 21-25 May, Krombein et al.(USNM); 36, Ma Villu, Cashew Corp. bung. 17-21 Feb, Krombein et al. (USNM); 4?, 46\ Sila-vathurai, Kondachchi, 23-27 Jan, 4$, 16* in Ma-laise trap, Karunaratne et al. (USNM); 1$, Mar-ichchukkadi, 26 Jan, Karunaratne et al.(USNM); 1?, Olaithoduvai, 10 mi NW Mannar,0-50 ft, 4-5 Nov, Hevel et al. (USNM).

NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District:1$, Ritigala Natural Reserve, dry meadow, 8 miNW Habarana, 8 Feb, Brinck et al. (Lund).

EASTERN PROVINCE. Trincomalee District: 46*, Trin-comalee, China Bay Ridge bung., 0-100 ft, 1 inMalaise trap, 13-17 May, 8-11 Oct, Krombeinet al. (USNM); 16", Paraiyalankulam, 15 May,Krombein et al. (USNM). Batticaloa District: 26,Maduru Oya, Punani, 500 ft, 9-14 Jun, Karu-naratne (Ottawa).

NUMBER 574 79

CENTRAL PROVINCE. Mdtdle District: 1$, Dam-bulla, 24 Oct, Krombein et al. (USNM). KandyDistrict: 3$, 256*, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu-ary, 2100 ft, 9-13 Feb, 16-31 Aug, 1-17 Sep, 1(5in Malaise trap, Karunaratne, Krombein et al.(USNM); 2c5, Peradeniya, 1700 ft, 13 Oct, Flintet al. (USNM).

NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Puttalam District: 1$,Kali Villu, Wilpattu Natl. Pk., 12-14 Jun, Mes-sersmith et al. (USNM).

WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 16$, 976*,Colombo (includes Colpetty, Museum Garden),4, 15, 28-31 Jan, 8-14, 20 Feb, 6 Mar, 11, 23, 24-28 Apr, May, 17 Jun, 7 Jul, 25 Aug, Sep, 4, 10-20, 29-30 Oct, 29 Nov, Gunawardane, Halstead,Henry, Karunaratne, Krombein et al., Perera,Siriwardane, Wickwar, Wijesinhe (USNM, Col-ombo, Lawrence, London, San Francisco); 26*,Gampaha Botanic Garden, 14 Jan, 27 Sep, Krom-bein et al. (USNM); 1°., Ratmalana, near airport,50 ft, 6 Jun, Krombein et al. (USNM); 26*, Ko-huwala, 4 Oct, Karunaratne (Ottawa).

SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Ratnapum District: 1$,Uggalkaltota, Irrigation bung., 350 ft, 31 Jan-8Feb, Davis et al. (USNM).

SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Mdtdrd District: 1$, Weli-gama, Dec (Colombo). Hdmbantota District: 18$,116*, Palatupana (includes tank and dunes nearW.L.N.P.S. bung.), sea level to 50 ft, 18-21 Jan,3-6 Feb, 8-10 Mar, 29 Mar-2 Apr, 22-25 Nov,36* in Malaise trap, Flint et al., Krombein et al.(USNM).

MISCELLANEOUS. 66*, Ceylon, Nietner (Berlin).

36. Mesa petiolata (Smith), new combination

FIGURE 12

Myzine petiolata Smith, 1855:72 [<5; India; two syntypes inOxford University Museum).—Bingham, 1897:70 [Bar-rackpore, Bengal].—Dalla Torre, 1897:125.

Myzine ceylomca Cameron, 1900:18, 19 |9; Trincomalee, Cey-lon; type in British Museum (Natural History)].

Plena (Mesa) petiolata (Smith).—Turner, 1908a:512 [synon-ymizes this and M. ceylomca based on pair taken in copulaat Pusa, Bengal].

Plesia petiolata (Smith).—Turner, 1911:152 [$,<?; Colombo,Ceylon].

Elis (Mesa) petiolata (Smith).—Turner: 1912:717, 718 [?, 6;Bengal, Bombay, Ceylon].

Smith's syntype series in Oxford Universityconsists of two males, each bearing a hand-writtenlabel "Ind." The genitalia are identical with spec-imens from Sri Lanka and South India exceptthat the dorsal edge of the cuspis is a bit morestrongly curved. The punctation of front anddorsum of propodeum, conformation of antenna,and coloration of forecoxa are similar except thatone syntype has the apex of forecoxa with a tinyyellow spot. One syntype has a larger creamyarea on forefemur than any other specimens; theother syntype has an apical band on the secondtergum divided into three spots, and that on thesixth tergum is absent on the sides. I have selectedas the lectotype the larger specimen (11 mm) withgreater extent of creamy markings. Its genitaliawere split to facilitate examination of the internalsurface.

I have examined the type of M. ceylonica Cam-eron and, based on Ceylonese material, I agreewith Turner's association of sexes in this species.

Both sexes of M. petioldta are easily distin-guished from the other Ceylonese species of Mesa.The dark wings of the female separate it from allbut the larger M. dimidiata (Guerin), which differsin having several of the abdominal segments red;also the punctures on dorsal surface of pronotumand posterior surface of propodeum are coarserand closer in M. petiolata. The males of M. petwldtdand M. dimididtd are the only Ceylonese Mesd withblack forecoxae; the larger size, infumated wings,and black abdomen readily separate the latterfrom the former species.

Mesd petioldta is widely distributed in Sri Lankafrom sea level to at least 2100 ft and in both Dryand Wet Zone areas, although it is much morecommon in the Dry Zone. It occurs also in India.I have seen specimens from Karikal in PondicheryState, and Walayar Forests in Kerala State andCoimbatore, and it has been recorded from Pusa,Bombay, and Barrackpore. Dates of collection inColombo suggest that the species may breedthroughout the year.

FEMALE.—Length 7.8-10.2 mm, forewing 5.0-


6.5 mm. Black, mandible except apex and teguladark red. Forewing strongly yellow and with yel-low veins on basal third, apical two-thirdsstrongly infuscated and with brown veins, hindwing clear on basal half, slightly infumated onapical half. Erect vestiture glittering white,slightly tinged with yellow on head.

Other details as noted for M. karunaratnei, newspecies, except as follows.

Median third of upper half of front smooth,the third adjacent to eye subcontiguously punc-tate; postocellar distance 0.8 times the ocelloculardistance and 0.6 times the ocelloccipital distance;vertexal punctation denser, some punctures sep-arated by half the diameter of a puncture, othersmore separated.

Pronotal disk with punctures somewhat largerand tending to be confluent in longitudinal rows,the central rows separated by about the diameterof a puncture, rows on sides by half the diameterof a puncture; scutum smooth anteriorly in mid-dle, laterally and posteriorly with a few puncturesseparated by about the diameter of a puncture;scutellum with punctures in middle separated bythe diameter of a puncture, laterally by half thediameter of a puncture; mesopleural disk withpunctures separated by half the diameter of apuncture.

Narrow apical margin of pygidium shagreened.MALE (Figure 12).—Length 10.0-14.0 mm,

forewing 6.0-8.0 mm. Coloration, vestiture, andother details as noted for M. karunaratnei except asfollows.

Pale markings creamy, base of clypeus black,lateral surface of pronotum not spotted, bands onabdominal terga narrower, that on first some-times separated on midline, that on sixth occa-sionally separated into 3 spots, some spots onsterna occasionally lacking, coxae all black as ishind femur, fore and mid femora pale at extremeapex, and only basal third of hind tibia pale.Erect vestiture on abdominal dorsum denser.

Apical emargination of clypeal lobe a bitdeeper, the teeth more prominent, separated fromeach other by 0.8 times the diameter of firstflagellar segment; postocellar distance 0.8 times

both ocellocular and ocelloccipital distances, hindocelli margined behind by a shallow depression;punctures on vertex separated by half the diam-eter of a puncture.

Propodeal dorsum finely, irregularly andclosely rugulose-reticulate, lateral and posteriorsurfaces more delicately so.

Petiole of first abdominal segment 0.4 times aslong as nodose section of first tergum; second tofifth terga with small punctures separated byabout the diameter of a puncture; pygidial areaof seventh tergum flattened, ovoid, central ridgehigher than lateral carinae, surface between thesewith a row of punctures, apex not emarginate;genitalia (Figure 12).


Vavuniya District: 36\ Parayanalankulam, irriga-tion canal, 25 mi NW Medawachchiya, 100 ft,20-25 Mar, Davis et al. (USNM). Mannar District:46*, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte bung., Wilpattu Natl.Pk., 22-23 Jan, 21-25 May, 5-8 Oct, 16* in Ma-laise trap, Krombein et al. (USNM).

NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District:16*, Anuradhapura, 29-30 Apr, Perera (Law-rence); 19, Maradan Maduwa, Wilpattu Natl.Pk., 23 mi W Anuradhapura, 2 Feb, Brinck et al.(Lund); 16\ Padaviya, Irrigation bung., 180 ft, 27Feb-9 Mar, Davis et al. (USNM); 1°-, Kekirawa,26 Jan, Henry (Colombo); 386*, Hunuwilagama,near Wilpattu Natl. Pk., 200 ft, in Malaise trap,28 Oct-3 Nov, Hevel et al. (USNM).

EASTERN PROVINCE. Trincomalee District: 16*, Trin-comalee, China Bay Ridge bung., 0-30 m, 8-11Oct, Krombein et al. (USNM); 1?, Kanniyai, 15m, 10 Oct, Krombein et al. (USNM). BatticaloaDistrict: 26*, Maduru Oya, Punani, 500 ft, 9-14Jun, Karunaratne (Ottawa); 16*, Pullumalai, 11Mar (Colombo).

CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 26, Kandy(includes Peak View Motel, Udawattakele Sanc-tuary), 1800-2100 ft, 15-24 Jan, 16-31 Aug,Davis et al., Karunaratne (USNM).

NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Kurunegala District:29, 16*, Kurunegala (includes near ElephantRock, Badegamuwa Jungle), 27 Jan, 20 Sep,Krombein et al. (USNM).

NUMBER 374 81

WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 4$, 41(5,Colombo (includes Colpetty, Museum Garden),30 Mar, 3 Apr, 15 May, 30 Jun, 2 and 3 Jul, 11Aug, 10-20 Oct, 2, 6, 26 Nov, Halstead, Henry,Karunaratne, Perera (USNM, Colombo, Law-rence, London, San Francisco); 19, GampahaBotanic Garden, 8 Nov, Krombein et al.(USNM); 1$, 2c5, Ratmalana, near airport, 50 ft,6 Jun, Krombein et al. (USNM); 2$, 26\ Labu-gama Reservoir, 11 Jul, Krombein et al.(USNM); 2(5, Kalatuwawa, in Malaise trap, 10-12 Aug, Huang et al. (USNM); 1(5, Laxapathiya,15 mi S Colombo, 15-30 Jan, Perera (Lawrence).

SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Rattiapura District: 69,9c5, Gilimale, Induruwa Jungle, 8c5 in Malaisetrap, 5-7 Feb, 7-8 Mar, 16-19 Apr, 19-22 Jun,Krombein et al. (USNM); 1$, Panamure, 500 ft,15-21 Oct, Flint et al. (USNM); 19, Uggalkal-tota, Irrigation bung., 350 ft, 31 Jan-8 Feb, Daviset al. (USNM); Ic5, Belihuloya Rest House, 9Apr, in Malaise trap, Hubbard et al. (USNM).

UVA PROVINCE. Monaragala District: 1(5, Ingini-yagala, 1 Nov, Keiser (Basel); 1$, Mau Aru, 10mi E Uda Walawe, 24-26 Sep, in Malaise trap,Krombein et al. (USNM); 19, 16*, Angunakola-pelessa, 27-28 Mar, 30 Sep-1 Oct, 1$ in Malaisetrap, Krombein et al. (USNM).

SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Galle District: 16*, Hini-duma, 20-28 Feb, Perera (Lawrence). HambantotaDistrict: 16*, Ranna, 16 Jul, Henry (Colombo); 19,36*, Palatupana (includes tank and W.L.N.P.S.bung.), 36" in Malaise trap, 18-20 Jan, 3 Feb,Krombein et al. (USNM).

MISCELLANEOUS. 19, Ceylon, Nietner (Berlin).

37. Hylomesa longiceps (Turner)

FIGURE 39

Plesm tricolor (Smith).—Magretti, 1892:258, 259 [in part,misidentified 6 from Burma].—Turner, 1908a:408 [misi-dentified 9 from Assam].

Myzine tricolor (Smith).—Bingham 1897:66 [misidentified $from Assam].

Elis (Mesa) tricolor (Smith).—Turner, 1912:720 [in part,misidentified 9 from Assam and W India].

Elis (Mesa) tricolor longiceps Turner, 1918:87 [$, Dibrughur,

Assam; type in British Museum].— Rohwer, 1921:90 [$,6; Philippines].

Mesa tricolor longiceps (Turner).—Guiglia, 1965:315 [$, Cey-lon].—Baltazar, 1966:207 [Philippines].

Hylomesa longiceps (Turner).—Krombein, 1968:12-15, fig. 1,pi. 1: fig. 1 [$, 6; Ceylon, India, Assam, Burma, Malaysia,Philippines].

This handsome species is readily distinguishedfrom its only Ceylonese congener, H. anomala, newspecies, by the characters listed in the foregoingkey. All species of the genus are collected ratheruncommonly, and I suspect that this is due totheir being primarily arboreal creatures. Presum-ably they prefer to parasitize beetle prey in deadstanding timber rather than in wood on theground.

Hylomesa longiceps is noteworthy in that it is themost widely distributed species of the genus withrecords of capture in Sri Lanka, India, Assam,Burma, Malaysia, and the Philippines. WithinSri Lanka it occurs both in the Dry Zone forestsand in areas of moderate rainfall.

It is also the only Hylomesa for which we haveany information on host preferences. Turner(1912) stated that T.R. Bell "informed me thathe bred this species from the larva of a longicornbeetle." This statement is at variance with thelabel data on the only female H. longiceps bearinga Bell label: "in dead wood with longicorn larvae14-1-07."

FEMALE.—Length 15-23, forewing 10-16 mm.Black, head except apex of mandible and hypos-tomal area and occasionally the ocellar triangle,varying from light to dark red; scape, pedicel,and from 1 to 4 of basal flagellar segments alsored; abdomen occasionally with metallic bluereflections; forewing entirely infumated or withbasal area lighter in some specimens, thedarkened area with violaceous reflections.

Head elongate, from above with length (apexof antennal insertions to occiput) subequal (0.94-1.0) to width across eyes; in larger specimens thesides of head are somewhat rounded out behindeyes so that eyes are not so protuberant as insmaller specimens; clypeal keel weak, present onlyon basal half or two-thirds, clypeal margin with


median teeth weak, slightly separated; medianfrontal sulcus extending halfway to anterior ocel-lus; front with punctures moderate in size andcontiguous or almost so; vertex with more scat-tered punctures on anterior third and almostimpunctate on posterior two-thirds; ocelloculardistance 2.17-2.43 times the postocellar distanceand 0.42-0.44 times the ocelloccipital distance;anterior ocellus closer to apices of antennal tu-bercles than to occiput; head beneath withrounded posterolateral angles; distance betweenoccipital and hypostomal carinae subequal tolength of hypostomal area.

Anterior margin of pronotal disk stronglyridged, anterior half with coarse, confluent tosubconfluent punctures arranged in longitudinalrows; scutum with subconfluent, coarse puncturesexcept posteriorly somewhat more crowded; scu-tellum with punctures separated by half or morethe diameter of a puncture but more crowdedposteriorly; inferior margin of hind femur ob-tusely angulate near apex; apex of hind tibia oninner surface without heavy, flattened, short se-tae; punctures small on areas adjacent to cuneatespace on propodeum, the disk posteriorly andlaterally with larger, subconfluent pits; posteriorsurface of propodeum with mostly confluent orsubconfluent pits.

Disk of first tergum strongly ridged anteriorly;last tergum shagreened on apical fourth.

MALE.—Length 12-17 mm, forewing 7-12mm. Color as in female except that venter ofhead occasionally is all black and as many as 6flagellar segments may be red.

Clypeal keel strong, present on basal two-thirdsor three-fourths; median lobe of clypeus with ashallow emargination separating the 2 well-de-veloped teeth; distance from apex of frontal plat-form to occiput 0.85-0.87 times the width acrosseyes; front with mostly contiguous to subcontig-uous pits; vertex with smaller, more scatteredpunctures; ocellocular distance 1.9-2.8 times thepostocellar distance and 0.59-0.71 times the ocel-loccipital distance; occipital carina weak or eva-nescent dorsally; median flagellar segments1.4-1.5 times as long as wide.

Pronotal disk anteriorly with a strong ridge,behind that with weak to strong punctures, some-times rather scattered, sometimes arranged al-most contiguously in a few transverse rows; scu-tum and scutellum with coarse, shallow, contig-uous to subcontiguous pits; mesopleural disk withvery coarse, contiguous to scattered pits; meta-pleuron usually without ridges above but occa-sionally with a few weak ridges; propodeal dor-sum irregularly rugulose, the narrow medianchannel with a few transverse rugae, the posteriormargin strongly ridged; lateral surface with a fewstrong rugae anteriorly, the rest of surface withcoarse contiguous pits or irregularly rugulose;posterior surface varying from contiguously pittedto irregularly rugulose.

First tergum with strong transverse ridge an-teriorly, the disk with scattered large punctures;sterna 3-5 with short, erect, relatively dense ves-titure, but not velvety on sterna 5 and 6; genitalia(Figure 39) with gonostyle and cuspis broad,inner surface of each densely setose, digitus alsobroad and densely setose.


Vavuniya District: 16*, Mamadu, Apr (Colombo).EASTERN PROVINCE. Amparai District: 1$, Ekgal

Aru Reservoir Jungle, 100 m, 11 Mar, Wijesinhe(USNM).

CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 1$, Kandy,20 Nov, Keiser (Basel).

UVA PROVINCE. Monaragala District: 16\ Ingini-yagala, 31 Aug, Keiser (Basel).

MISCELLANEOUS. 1$, 16", no label (Colombo);16\ Ceylon, Nietner (Berlin); 1$, Ceylon (Buda-pest) .

38. Hylomesa anomala, new species

FIGURE 40

This small species shares with H. ugandensis(Turner) the distinction of having the only fe-males of the genus in which both the dorsum ofthe pronotum and of the first abdominal tergumlack a transverse anterior ridge. It differs from H.ugandensis in having the posterior fourth of the

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sixth tergum shagreened rather than polished, inhaving the mesopleural disk strongly produced inmiddle, and in having the anterior half of dorsalsurface of pronotum coarsely and contiguouslypunctate in longitudinal rows.

The male of H. anomala lacks an anterior ridgeon the pronotum but has a well-developed trans-verse ridge at base of disk of first abdominaltergum. It shares with H. dimidiaticornis (Bingham)the distinction of being the only Hylomesa malewith specialized dense vestiture on any of theabdominal sterna. This is present on the fifth andsixth sterna in H. dimidiaticornis but on only thesixth in //. anomala.

The three males were captured while flyingaround a standing dead trunk in a wooded ravinethrough which a small stream flowed. The singlefemale was taken while flying around a fallendead trunk in a similar area about a kilometeraway.

HOLOTYPE.—6, Sri Lanka, Kandy District,Thawalamtenne, 8 Sep 1980, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawick-rema, V. Gunawardane (USNM Type 100283).

MALE.—Length 9.7 mm, forewing 6.8 mm.Black, head except tip of mandible, ocellar tri-angle, hypostomal area, and last eight flagellarsegments light red, abdomen with faint blue re-flections; basal third of forewing clear, apical two-thirds infuscated and with blue reflections.

Clypeal keel strong, present on basal three-fifths, median lobe of clypeus with a narrowshallow emargination separating the 2 weakteeth; distance from apex of frontal platform toocciput 0.93 times the width across eyes; frontwith mostly contiguous to subcontiguous pits;vertex with quite scattered, smaller punctures;ocellocular distance 1.5 times the postocellar dis-tance and 0.8 times the ocelloccipital distance;occipital carina complete; median flagellar seg-ments 1.3-1.4 times as long as wide.

Pronotal disk not ridged anteriorly, the anteriorhalf with elongate pits arranged more or less intransverse rows, posterior half with scatteredsmall punctures; scutum and scutellum withcoarse, shallow contiguous to subcontiguous pits;

mesopleuron with coarse to larger subcontiguouspits; metapleuron with coarse, relatively closelongitudinal ridges; propodeal dorsum with anarrow depressed median channel laterad ofwhich are irregular pits, apex with strong trans-verse ridge; lateral surface anteriorly with ridgescontinuing from metapleuron, posteriorly withsubcontiguous pits; posterior propodeal surfacewith smaller, closer pits.

First tergum with strong transverse ridge an-teriorly, behind this the disk with scattered largeto small punctures; sterna 3-5 with scatteredsmall punctures which are more concentratedanteriorly and bearing short suberect hair; ster-num 6 with a patch of dense longer suberect setaeon posterior two-thirds extending almost to sides;genitalia (Figure 40) with gonostyle more slender,most of inner surface bare except for a row ofclose long setae near dorsal edge, cuspis narrowerand densely setose on inner surface, digitus ex-tremely slender and with very few setae on innersurface.

ALLOTYPE.—$, same label data as holotypeexcept 740-760 m, 16-18 Sep 1977, K.V. Krom-bein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jay-aweera (USNM).

FEMALE.—Length 13 mm, forewing 9 mm.Black, head except apex of mandible, hypostomalarea, and flagellum light red, abdomen withweak, metallic blue reflections; basal third offorewing lightly infumated, apical two-thirds in-fuscated and with bronze to blue reflections.

Head elongate, width across eyes equal tolength from antennal insertions to occiput, sidesparallel behind eyes; clypeal keel weak, presentonly on basal two-thirds; clypeal margin withmedian teeth weak, slightly separated; medianfrontal sulcus extending halfway to anterior ocel-lus; lower half of front with punctures somewhatmore separated than in H. longiceps, upper half offront with widely separated punctures; vertexwith very few scattered punctures behind ocelli,virtually impunctate elsewhere; ocellocular dis-tance 2.2 times postocellar distance and 0.58times ocelloccipital distance; anterior ocellusslightly closer to antennal tubercles than to occi-


put; head beneath with rounded posterolateralangles; distance between occiptal and hypostomalcarinae subequal to length of hypostoma.

Anterior margin of pronotal disk not ridged,anterior two-thirds with coarse, confluent punc-tures arranged in longitudinal rows, the rowsbecoming more separated at sides, posterior thirdwith scattered small punctures; scutum withcoarse punctures, separated anteriorly by aboutthe diameter of a puncture and contiguous pos-teriorly; scutellum with more separated punc-tures; mesopleural disk produced anteriorly inmiddle beyond concave anterior face of sclerite,discal punctures separated by about half the di-ameter of a puncture but more crowded poste-riorly; inferior surface of hind femur sharplyright-angled near apex; apex of hind tibia oninner surface without heavy, flattened short setae;small close punctures on dorsal surface of propo-deum adjacent to median cuneate space, largerand more scattered elsewhere and contiguousalong hind margin; posterior surface of propo-deum with confluent to subconfluent pits.

Disk of first tergum not ridged anteriorly; lasttergum shagreened on apical fourth.

PARATYPES.—26*, same label data as holotype(USNM). One paratype has been placed in theNational Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo).

The paratypes are 11.2 and 13.0 mm long andagree in all essential details with the holotype.

Subfamily METHOCHINAE

This peculiar subfamily with highly modified,wingless, antlike females and slender, wingedmales is represented in Sri Lanka by KarlissaKrombein with a single species, typical MethochaLatreille with three species, and Methochasubgenus Dryinopsis Brues with four species. Mostspecies are known at present only from Sri Lanka,but M. (M.) litoralis, new species, occurs also onthe east coast of South India.

So far as known all species of Methocha parasi-tize the larvae of cicindelid beetles dwelling inperpendicular burrows in the ground. Adlerz(1903, 1905) was the first to observe that the

female Methocha approaches the entrance to thetiger beetle burrow, allows the beetle larva toclasp its mandibles around the constricted part ofher thorax, and then paralyzes the larva by sting-ing it in the neck. Subsequently, the larva isdragged to the bottom of the burrow, and thewasp deposits an egg on the venter of the abdo-men. The wasp then plugs the cell and fills thetop part of the burrow with soil.

The host of Karlissa is unknown, but almostcertainly it is the larva of one of the arborealcicindelids which dwell in cavities in twigs andbranches. The single known female of Karlissawas crawling on the trunk of a tree nearly a meterabove the ground; an adult flightless cicindelid,Tricondyla coriacea Chevrolat, was captured else-where on the same tree. Shelford (1905, 1907)described the larva and its burrow of Neocollynsemarginata (Dejean), another arboreal cicindelidfrom Java. He surmised that the adult femaleNeocollyris oviposited through the woody outertissue of the coffee twig into the central pith.When the egg hatched, the young larva excavateda burrow in the pith with an opening to theoutside through the woody tissue. The mouth ofthe burrow was countersunk, and Shelford opinedthat the lower surface of the Neocollyris headcompletely plugged the burrow with its mandi-bles protruding into the countersunk area. Severaltaxa of Neocollyris occur in Sri Lanka. If theburrows of all genera of arboreal cicindelids areof similar construction, this may account for theremarkable mandibular development of femaleKarlissa (cf. Figures 22, 25). The two teeth at theapex of each mandible could be applied to theanterior margin of the cicindelid head in such away that the head could be pried upward, thusexposing the beetle's neck to the wasp's sting.

Most of the Methocha males were captured inMalaise traps and were observed very infre-quently around foliage or on the ground. Wenoted males entering traps as early as 6 A.M. atChina Bay, Trincomalee, and one was attractedto an ultra-violet light trap. Some males enteredtraps later on cooler, windier days. Females werefound crawling on the ground, usually in the

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vicinity of tiger beetle burrows. We noted matingor attempted mating three times by M. litoralis inthe intertidal zone at Pesalai beach between 9:30A.M. and noon.

Females were active during the day in partiallyor wholly shaded areas, but activity was severelylimited in sparsely vegetated areas subject tointense sunlight. An exception to this was wherethe ground was damp, as in the intertidal habitatof M. litoralis. One damana (small open, sparselyvegetated area) across the Moderagam Aru nearKokmotte Bungalow, Wilpattu National Park,was inhabited by a small population of M. (M.)heveli, new species. On 24 May 1976 we reachedthe damana at 7:40 A.M. and captured two fe-males on the bare gound at 7:45 and 7:55 A.M.;the ground by then was apparently too hot forfurther activity. Late in the afternoon femaleswere again active, and we collected four femalesbetween 5:20 and 6:20 P.M. On the next day wereached the damana at 6:30 A.M. and collectedfive females between 6:35 and 7:11 A.M. We mayhave collected all of the adult females by thattime, for we found none active between 5:10 and6:25 P.M. We set small Malaise traps amongshrubbery on the periphery of the damana butdid not collect any males.

We followed Methocha females for lengthy pe-riods at several locations but were unable toobtain a great deal of information. Our mostsuccessful observations were made at PannikaVillu, Wilpattu National Park, on the sand nearthe edge of the large villu (pond) on 1 November1977. At 8:15 A.M., P.B. Karunaratne noted asmall female of M. (Dryinopsis) taprobane, newspecies (11177 A; my code number, signifyingmonth, day, and year), struggling with a tigerbeetle larva at the burrow entrance of the latter.It appeared that the tiger beetle had grasped thewasp which allowed itself to be pulled into theburrow. The wasp came out almost immediately.It then walked around the burrow vicinity formore than five minutes. It went into the burrowat 8:16 A.M. and finally emerged at 8:37 A.M.Then it began to take in a grain of sand at a time.After several such trips we captured the wasp and

excavated the burrow. The diameter of the per-pendicular burrow was 2 mm at the entrance,and it narrowed to 1 mm farther down. At adepth of 42 mm there was a narrow, lump of drysand. The entire burrow length was 78 mm, andthe beetle larva was at the bottom with its headupward. It had a small egg on the venter of theabdomen opposite the dorsal hump. The egg wascovered with a few grains of dry sand. The sandin which the burrow was excavated was verydamp immediately below the surface. We put thelarva in a cell in damp sand in a pill box forrearing. The wasp larva matured and spun anovoid cocoon of delicate silk 5.5 mm long. Sandgrains and chitinous parts of the host larva ad-hered to the outer surface of the cocoon. Theadult wasp escaped when it eclosed but was prob-ably a female.

At Ekgal Aru Reservoir on 22 February 1977,P.B. Karunaratne observed another small femaleM. (D.) taprobane (22277 A) on the sunny hard-packed earth of the drive near the Wildlife De-partment Circuit Bungalow. The wasp was plug-ging the burrow of a cicindelid larva and hadfilled the burrow to within 2 mm of the surfacewhen we captured it. The plug was 5 mm thickof compacted earth. The next 45 mm of theburrow was empty, then there was a soft com-pacted thin plug directly on top of the head ofcicindelid larva. The larva was in a nearly verticalcell at the bottom at a depth of 55 mm. We couldfind no egg on the larva, and it could not havebeen dislodged, because the excavation was madevery carefully. We placed the beetle larva in a tinointment box in damp soil, but no parasite de-veloped.

We made a few observations on a small numberof M. (M.) ubiquita, new species, females at Tha-walamtenne on 18 February 1977. This was a flatarea at mile post 30 on the Kandy-MahiyanganaRoad. The locality had very low vegetation con-sisting mostly of grasses and prostrate broaderleaved plants with occasional shrubs. The Metho-cha could not have been a very effective parasite,judged from the relatively small number of fe-males compared with the numerous cicindelid


burrows. At 10:12 A.M., I watched a female M.ubiquita (21877 A) on a bare spot in the meadow.In a minute it came to a spot that may havemarked the plugged burrow of a small cicindelidlarva. She began to burrow vertically, removingsmall grains of soil or sand 1-2 mm from entrance.In three minutes the burrow went downward thelength of her body. She continued to back out ofthe burrow, sometimes pushing the soil behindher with her hind legs, sometimes carrying a grainor two out in her mandibles. This excavationwent on till 10:25 A.M. At 10:38 A.M., I probedthe burrow with a grass stem to a depth of %inches, but there was no reaction. We dug theburrow at 10:45 A.M. and found the Methochaabout an inch below the surface with a plug ofsoil above her, and she was still digging. We didnot find a beetle larva when we excavated deeper.

P.B. Karunaratne followed another M. ubiquitafemale (21877 B) for an hour-and-a-quarter. Atabout 10:45 A.M. she entered a large cicindelidburrow but was scared off by the larva in abouthalf a minute. We dug up the burrow and foundthe beetle larva at a depth of 10 cm in ratherheavy loam soil. There was no wasp egg on it.

At 1 P.M., D.W. Balasooriya found another M.ubiquita female (21877 C) digging as recordedabove for 21877 A. She abandoned the burrow ina few minutes and started searching elsewhere.The burrow was only 2.5 cm long, and there wasno sign of a beetle larva. This digging activity by21877 A and C is certainly very puzzling, forthere was no sign of a beetle larva in either case.

Several of the M. ubiquita females captured at

Thawalamtenne had lost part of or all of theirantennae. Quite likely these may have been am-putated by a cicindelid larva when the Methochaprobed the burrow.

Specific hosts are unknown for any of the Cey-lonese Methochinae, but it is most unlikely thatany of them are host specific. I believe thatmethochine females are highly opportunistic andwill prey successfully upon any species of ground-dwelling or arboreal tiger beetle, provided thatthe host larva is neither too small nor too large.During my field work we collected Cicindelidaeat every locality where they occurred. This ena-bles me to suggest putative hosts for CeyloneseMethochinae as follows:

M. (M.) litoralis, new species—Cicindela biramosa Fabricius, C.distmguenda Dejean, C. sumatrensis Herbst

M. (M.) heveli, new species—Cicindela cancellata Dejean, C.ceylonensis ceylonensis W. Horn, C. c. diversa W. Horn, C.haemorrhoidalis Wiedemann, C. sexpunctata Fabricius, C. su-matrensis

M. (M.) ubiquita, new species—C. biramosa, C. cancellata, C,catena Fabricius, C. ceylonensis diversa, C. discrepans Walker,C. distmguenda, C. dormen W. Horn, C. haemorrhoidalis, C.labwaenea W. Horn, C. sexpunctata Fabricius, C. sumatrensis,C. undulata Dejean, Prothyma paradoxa W. Horn

M. (D.) taprobane, new species—C. cancellata, C. c. ceylonensis,C. c. diversa, C. discrepans, C. distmguenda, C. dormen, C.haemorrhoidalis, C. labioaenea, C. lacunosa Putzeys, C. sexpunc-tata, C. sumatrensis, C. undulata, P. paradoxa

M. (D.) kandyensis, new species—C. cancellata, C. c. diversa, C.discrepans, C. distmguenda, C. dormen, C. labioaenea, C. lacunosa

M. (D.) ceylonica, new species—C. biramosa, C. cancellata, C. c.diversa, C. discrepans, C. distmguenda, C. dormen, C. labioaenea,C. lacunosa

M. (D.) anomala, new species—C. cancellata, C. c. diversa. C.discrepans, C. distmguenda, C. dormen, C. labioaenea, C. lacunosa

Karlissa rugosa—Tncondyla conacea Chevrolat, PNeocollyns spe-cies.

Key to Ceylonese Species of Methochinae

(Females of Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new species, and M. (D.) anomala, new species, areunknown)

1. FEMALES: Wingless and antlike in appearance; antenna 12-segmentedand not arising from beneath frontal tubercle; tibial spur formula1-1-1 2

MALES: Winged, slender, elongate forms; antenna 13-segmented andarising from beneath frontal tubercle; tibial spur formula 1-2-2 . . 7

NUMBER 374 87

2. Scutum and scutellum fused into a rounded node [Figure 26]; clypeus[Figure 25] with lateral lobe greatly produced, separated from medianlobe by a deep, narrow emargination; mandible concave on innersurface and with 2 equal teeth at apex

46. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron)Scutum and scutellum not fused into a rounded node [Figures 17, 20];

clypeus [Figures 16, 19] with lateral lobe poorly or not at all developed;mandible not concave on inner surface, near apex with a small subap-ical tooth 3

3. Ocelli arranged in an acute triangle; head strongly narrowed behind eyes[Figure 18], width 2.2-2.7 times narrowest interocular distance; viewedfrom above the front flat to slightly concave; scutum flat, in profiledepressed beneath levels of pronotum and scutellum [Figure 20]; thoraxentirely black 4

Ocelli arranged in an obtuse triangle; head not so strongly narrowedbehind eyes [Figure 15], width 1.6-2.1 times narrowest interoculardistance; viewed from above the front slightly to moderately protuber-ant above antennae; scutum rounded in profile, not depressed belowpronotum and scutellum [Figure 17]; thorax mostly red 5

4. Vestiture silvery to cinereous; basal flagellar segments, legs and 2 lastabdominal segments light brown; head 2.2-2.4 times as wide as leastinterocular distance; postocellar line 1.3 times lateral ocellar line and0.7 times ocellocular distance

42. Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new speciesErect vestiture on dorsum of head, thorax, and first 2 abdominal terga

black, remaining vestiture silvery; body predominantly black, apicalhalf of flagellum and tarsi dark brown, sixth tergum and fifth and sixthsterna chestnut; head 2.7 times as wide as least interocular distance;postocellar line 2.0 times lateral ocellar line and 1.1 times ocelloculardistance 44. Methocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new species

5. Front comparatively broader and less densely punctate [Figure 22], head1.6-1.7 times as wide as narrowest part of front, more strongly protu-berant above antennae [Figure 21], most punctures separated by 3 ormore times diameter of a puncture; pronotal disk evenly convex,without a median groove; mesosternal tubercles before mid coxaestrong, acute, separated by a U-shaped emargination, area beforetubercles with a shallow median fovea

39. Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new speciesFront comparatively narrower and more densely punctate, head 1.7-2.1

times as wide as narrowest part of front, most of punctures separatedby no more than width of a puncture; pronotal disk with a medianlongitudinal groove; mesosternal processes before mid coxae varyingfrom low obtuse teeth separated by a broad, shallow emargination toevansecent transverse ridges 6

6. Head 1.7-1.8 times as wide as narrowest part of front; front less densely


punctate, with several impunctate interspaces larger than anteriorocellus, most punctures separated from each other by diameter of apuncture, and more strongly swollen above antennae; erect vestiture ofthoracic dorsum white to cinereous, punctation sparser, majority ofpunctures separated by more than diameter of a puncture

40. Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new speciesHead 2.0-2.1 times as wide as narrowest part of front; front more densely

punctate [Figure 16], rarely with an impunctate interspace as wide asanterior ocellus, most punctures separated by half the diameter of apuncture or less, and only slightly convex above antennae [Figure 15];erect vestiture of thoracic dorsum brown to black, punctation relativelydenser, ranging from subcontiguous to a condition where a number ofpunctures are separated by diameter of a puncture, except scutellumwhich is occasionally very sparsely punctate

41. Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new species7. Flagellar segments strongly flattened, shorter, first flagellar segment as

long as wide, second through fifth each more than half as wide as long[Figure 27]; pronotum elongate, median length of dorsum 0.8 timesthat of scutum; metasternum at apex with a pair of ligulate, narrowlyseparated processes, each overlying inner ventral angle of hind coxa;posterior surface of propodeum abruptly declivous from dorsal surfacewhich has a strong transverse carina at apex; genitalia [Figure 36],paramere slender, dorsal and ventral margins tapering gradually toapex 46. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron)

Flagellar segments not so flattened, longer, first flagellar segment 1.5 ormore times as long as wide, succeeding segments twice or more times aslong as wide; pronotum shorter, median length of dorsum not morethan half the length of scutum; metasternum not so armed at apex, atmost with a pair of small tubercles; dorsal surface of propodeumrounding gradually into posterior surface, not separated from it by astrong transverse carina; genitalia [Figures 33-35, 37, 38], paramerestouter, ventral margin rounded out or emarginate in middle 8

8. Mesopleuron with a median ovate, impressed, densely haired fossa; ocelliin an obtuse triangle; malar space usually well developed, more or lessquadrate; hypostomal carina with a strong tooth anteriorly behindmandible; parapsides and notauli present, the latter short; genitalia[Figures 33-35], ventral margin of paramere deeply emarginate inmiddle 9

Mesopleuron without such an impressed area; ocelli in an acute triangle;malar space very short, linear; hypostomal carina low, not toothed;parapsides present, notauli absent; genitalia [Figures 37, 38], ventralmargin of paramere rounded out in middle 11

9. Clypeal process broad [Figure 32], margin deeply emarginate in middle;mandible very massive; malar space as wide as basal flagellar segments;

NUMBER 374 89

thoracic punctation sparser and quite delicate, mesopleuron above fossawith small punctures mostly separated by diameter of a puncture ormore; tibiae and tarsi dark; genitalia [Figure 35], aedeagus broadenedtoward apex 39. Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species

Clypeal process narrower [Figures 30, 31], margin in middle truncate ornarrowly rounded; mandible much more slender; malar space nar-rower, much shorter than width of basal flagellar segments; thoracicpunctation denser and frequently coarser, area above mesopleural fossawith punctures separated by half the diameter of a puncture or less;base of mid and hind tibiae and all tarsi except apical segment pale

10

10. Clypeal process beaklike in profile [Figure 30], viewed from in front withsides converging toward rounded apex; punctures of scutum and me-sopleuron coarser and subconfluent; genitalia [Figure 33] with aedeagusonly slightly broadened toward apex

41. Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new speciesClypeal process blunt in profile [Figure 31], not beaklike, viewed from in

front with apex beveled, margin truncate; punctures of scutum andmesopleuron smaller, many of them separated by half the diameter ofa puncture; genitalia [Figure 34] with aedeagus broadened towardapex 40. Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species

11. Ocelli in a large, flat triangle, ocellocular line 1.1-1.5 times postocellarline; lateral area of dorsal surface of propodeum not shagreened, usuallytwo transverse rugulae at apex of dorsal surface; cuspis of genitaliablunt, not digitate [Figure 38] 12

Ocelli in a small, acute triangle, ocellocular line 2.1-2.5 times postocellarline; lateral area of dorsal surface of propodeum strongly shagreened,apex of dorsal surface without transverse rugulae; cuspis of genitaliaslender, digitate [Figure 37] 13

12. Legs mostly light red, femora rarely light brown; clypeal process narrower,in profile beaklike [Figure 28]; hind margin of pronotal disk narrowlybrown 42. Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new species

Legs dark except basal fourth of mid and hind tibiae, and tarsi exceptapical segment testaceous; clypeal process broader, in profile blunt notbeaklike [Figure 29]; hind margin of pronotal disk more broadlytestaceous 43. Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new species

13. Legs dark brown, tarsi sometimes lighter brown; ocellocular distance 2.1times postocellar distance; punctures of mesopleural disk small, mostlyseparated by half the diameter of a puncture

44. Methocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new speciesLegs light red, tarsi occasionally brown; ocellocular distance 2.5 times

postocellar distance; punctures of mesopleural disk fine, mostly sepa-rated by 2 to 3 times diameter of a puncture

45. Methocha (Dryinopsis) anomaia, new species


39. Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species

FIGURES 32, 35

This distinctive species is known from twomales and a long series of females taken at asingle locality on the northwest coast of Sri Lankaon a narrow spit of land leading to Adams Bridge,the chain of small islets separating Sri Lanka andIndia. All Ceylonese specimens were taken in theintertidal zone of a sandy beach among strandedseaweed. The species is also known from a singlefemale from Karikal, South India, a small city onthe east coast 200 km north of the type-locality.Putative host larvae belonging to three taxa ofCicindelidae are listed in the discussion under"Subfamily Methochinae."

Both sexes are distinguished from the otherCeylonese species of the typical subgenus by themuch sparser and more delicate punctation; themale also has a more massive mandible andbroader malar space, and the female has a pair ofstrong, acute mesosternal tubercles before the midcoxae instead of a pair of low obtuse teeth ortransverse ridges.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is from theLatin litoralis (of the seashore), an allusion to thisrestricted habitat.

HOLOTYPE.—6, Sri Lanka, Northern Province,Mannar District, Pesalai beach, 23 Jan 1978, P.B.Karunaratne, 12378 A, taken in copula with par-atype 9 (USNM Type 100284).

MALE.—Length 9.5 mm, forewing 5.5 mm.Black, mandible except base and tip and tegulaexcept base light red, tarsi dark brown. Vestitureglittering white, relatively dense and erect onhead and thorax, sparser and subappressed onabdomen. Forewing slightly infumated, hindwing clear, stigma and veins brown.

Head (Figure 32, drawn from paratype) width1.5 times height from apex of clypeus to posteriorocelli, mandible massive; malar space as broad asflagellar segment; interocular distance at anteriorocellus 1.1 times least interocular distance; cly-peal process broad, suberect, the apex deeplycmarginate; lateral hypostomal tooth in profileacute, slender, median tubercle strong; front with

small confluent punctures; ocellocular line 1.3times postocellar line; second flagellar segment aslong as third, 1.2 times as long as first.

Pronotal disk with anterior ridge, surface be-hind with tiny punctures separated anteriorly by2 or more times the diameter of a puncture,posteriorly and laterally by a puncture's width;scutum with small punctures separated anteriorlyand laterally by half the diameter of a puncture,in middle smooth except along midline; scutellardisk with small punctures separated by width ofa puncture except smooth anteriorly in middle;mesopleuron above median fossa with smallpunctures mostly separated by the diameter of apuncture or more, above groove conflucntlypunctate, and posteriorly the punctures separatedby half the diameter of a puncture; propodeumwithout median ridge, finely rugulosoreticulateexcept lower half of lateral surface obliquely ru-gulose.

Abdomen with fine scattered punctures, apicesof segments with a row of closer punctures; geni-talia (Figure 35).

ALLOTYPE.—9, same locality but 19 Feb 1979,K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T.Gunawardane (USNM).

FEMALE.—Length 6.3 mm. Black, the followingred: mandible, scape, pedicel and first 3 flagellarsegments, thorax and first abdominal segmentexcept narrow apical margin of tergum; tarsibrownish. Vestiture on head, thorax, and abdo-men sparse, erect, glittering white except dark onfront.

Head width 1.6 times least interocular dis-tance; clypeus with a low convex swelling inmiddle; malar space distinct, anterior mandibu-lar condyle separated from eye by a distanceequal to width of pedicel; viewed from above, thefront biprotuberant above antennae; front withsmall punctures separated by 3 or more times thediameter of a puncture except on protuberanceand along eyes where they are separated by 1 to2 times the diameter of a puncture; postocellarline 1.7 times lateral ocellar line and 0.7 timesocellocular distance.

Pronotum 0.7 times head width and 1.2 times

NUMBER 374 91

propodeal width, the disk without median furrowand with scattered small punctures mostly sepa-rated by 2 or more times the diameter of apuncture; disk of scutum 1.3 times as wide aslong, with very few slightly larger punctures;scutellar disk 0.8 times as wide as long, withscattered small punctures; posterior half of me-sopleuron more weakly obliquely rugulose thanin M. ubiquita, new species, and M. heveli, newspecies; mesosternum with a pair of strong acuteteeth in front of mid coxae, the median depressionseparating teeth narrowed posteriorly; propo-deum virtually impunctate.

Abdominal terga with more scattered finepunctures than in M. ubiquita and M. heveli.

PARATYPES.—4$, same data as holotype, 1taken in copula with holotype and bearing code12378 A (USNM); ld\ 14$, same data as allotype(USNM); 16, 19, same locality as holotype but 9Apr 1981, in copula, K.V. Krombein (USNM).SOUTH INDIA. 19, Karikal, 1 Jun 1932, P.S. Na-than (London). A pair of paratypes has beendeposited in the National Museums of Sri Lanka(Colombo), and a female paratype has beenplaced in the British Museum (Natural History)and in Oxford University.

The paratype males are 9.9-10.0 mm long andagree in all essential details with the holotypeexcept that the interocular distance at anteriorocellus is 1.2 times the least interocular distance,and the ocellocular line is 1.2 times the postocellarline. Female paratypes are 4.2 to 6.7 mm long,agree very well with the allotype in coloration,the punctation and sculpture is weaker in thesmallest specimens, and the head width is 1.6-1.7times the least interocular distance.

40. Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species

FIGURES 31, 34

This species is known from both sexes fromseveral localities in the Dry Zone. So far as known,it does not occur also in India, but there is adearth of specimens from that country, so it maybe collected eventually. Putative host larvae in-

clude some six taxa of Cicindelidae as listed inthe discussion under the subfamily heading.

Methocha heveli is intermediate between M. litor-alis, new species, and M. ubiquita, new species, inthe comparative density of punctation. The gen-italia and the blunt clypeal process with beveledapex distinguish the male from its congeners. Thefemale has the apical mesosternal processes de-veloped as blunt teeth or transverse ridges as inM. ubiquita, rather than acute teeth as in M.litoralis; it differs from M. ubiquita in the compar-atively wider front, which is more strongly pro-tuberant above the antennae and has severalimpunctate interspaces wider than the anteriorocellus.

ETYMOLOGY.—It is named for Gary F. Hevel,one of the Smithsonian Insect Project team lead-ers, who found the only two males in a Malaisetrap.

HOLOTYPE.—6\ Sri Lanka, North Central Prov-ince, Anuradhapura District, Hunuwilagamanear Wilpattu Natl. Park, 200 ft, in Malaise trap,28 Oct-3 Nov 1976, G.F. Hevel, R.E. Dietz IV,S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM Type100285).

MALE.—Length 8.0 mm, forewing 4.8 mm.Black, mandible red except base and apex; thefollowing testaceous: narrow apical margin ofpronotal disk, tegula except base, basal fourth ofmid and hind tibiae, tarsi except apical segment.Vestiture glittering white, relatively dense anderect on head and thorax, sparser and subap-pressed on abdomen. Wings clear, stigma darkbrown, veins testaceous.

Head (Figure 31, drawn from paratype) width1.6 times height from apex of clypeus to posteriorocelli, interocular distance at anterior ocellus 1.2times least interocular distance; mandible moreslender; malar space much narrower than widthof flagellum; clypeal process narrow, apex bev-eled, margin truncate, in profile blunt, not beak-like; lateral hypostomal tooth blunt, median tu-bercle weak; front with small confluent punc-tures; ocellocular line 1.3 times postocellar line;second flagellar segment as long as third, 1.3times as long as first.


Pronotal disk with anterior ridge, surface be-hind this with tiny punctures separated anteriorlyby twice the diameter of a puncture, laterally andposteriorly by the width of a puncture; scutumwith small punctures separated anteriorly andlaterally by half the width of a puncture, inmiddle by about the diameter of a puncture;scutellar disk with punctures separated by halftheir diameter except smooth anteriorly in mid-dle; mesopleuron above median fossa with smallpunctures separated by half their diameter, abovegroove confluently punctate and posteriorly thepunctures smaller and separated by more thantheir diameter; propodeum coarsely rugulosore-ticulate on dorsum, posteriorly with median ridgeand more finely rugulosoreticulate, laterally withfine rugulosoreticulations on upper half andoblique rugulae on lower half. Abdomen withfine scattered punctures, apices of segments witha row of closer punctures; genitalia (Figure 34).

ALLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Northern Province,Mannar District, 0.5 mi NE of Kokmotte Bun-galow, Wilpattu Natl. Park, 21-25 May 1976,K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, D.W.Balasooriya (USNM).

FEMALE.—Length 7.4 mm. Black, the followingred: mandible, antenna except last 2 segments,dorsum of thorax and propodeum, side of pron-otum, upper half of lateral surface of propodeum,apical two-thirds of first abdominal segment ex-cept narrow apex of tergum, tibiae, and tarsi.Vestiture denser and somewhat longer than in M.litoralis, cinereous on front, glittering white on restof body.

Head width 1.8 times least interocular dis-tance; convex swelling on middle of clypeusstronger than in M. litoralis; malar space narrow,at anterior mandibular condyle half as wide aswidth of pedicel; viewed from above the frontbituberant above antennae, though less so thanin M. litoralis; front with larger punctures than inM. litoralis, many separated by half of or thediameter of a puncture, but with several impunc-tate interspaces larger than anterior ocellus;postocellar line 2.3 times lateral ocellar line and0.3 times ocellocular distance.

Pronotum 0.7 times as wide as head and 1.2times propodeal width, the disk with a medianfurrow and with small punctures mostly sepa-rated by the diameter of a puncture or a bit less;disk of scutum 1.2 times as wide as long and withsmall subcontiguous punctures; scutellar disk 0.8times as wide as long and with small puncturesseparated by diameter of a puncture except for amedian impunctate area anteriorly; posterior halfof mesopleuron with coarser oblique rugulae thanin M. litoralis; mesosternum posteriorly with asmall round fovea in front of a pair of low bluntteeth in front of mid coxae; dorsal and posteriorsurfaces of propodeum with small punctures sep-arated by about the diameter of a puncture.

Abdominal terga with closer fine puncturesthan in M. litoralis, separated by 1 to several timesthe diameter of a puncture.

PARATYPES.—1<5, 15$, all Sri Lanka and all

(USNM) except where noted as follows. 1(5, samedata as holotype; 1$, same data as allotype. WEST-

ERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 29, Hendela, 30Jul 1980, T. Wijesinhe. UVA PROVINCE. MonoragalaDistrict: 29, Angunakolapelessa, 16 mi E of UdaWalawe, 2 and 7 Feb 1975, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, P. Fernando, E.G. Dabrera. SOUTH-

ERN PROVINCE. Hambantota District: 1$, 6 Feb 1909,T.B. Fletcher (London). A pair of paratypes hasbeen deposited in the National Museums of SriLanka (Colombo), and a female paratype in theBritish Museum (Natural History).

The male paratype is 7.5 mm long and agreesin essential details with the holotype. Femaleparatypes range from 3.5 to 7.3 mm in length, aresimilar in coloration to the allotype, smaller spec-imens are more sparsely punctate and more deli-cately sculptured, and the posterior mesosternalteeth are occasionally reduced to transverseridges.

41. Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, newspecies

FIGURES 7, 8, 15-17, 30, 33

This is the most widely distributed species oftypical Methocha in Sri Lanka, where it occurs in

NUMBER 574 93

both the Dry Zone and Wet Zone and at altitudesup to some 2000 ft. It is not known to occur inIndia, but intensive collecting in South India maydemonstrate its presence there. Putative host lar-vae include some 13 taxa of Cicindelidae as listedin the discussion under "Subfamily Metho-chinae."

The male is the most densely punctate of thespecies of typical Methocha and has a distinctivebeaklike clypeal process. The female also is themost densely punctate of that sex, has dark ves-titure on the thoracic dorsum instead of white tocinereous, and has a comparatively narrowerfront.

ETYMOLOGY.—Its specific name is derived fromthe Latin ubique (everywhere), in allusion to itswide distribution in Sri Lanka.

HOLOTYPE.—d\ Sri Lanka, Eastern Province,Trincomalee District, Trincomalee, China BayRidge Bungalow, 0-100 ft, 16-17 May 1976, inMalaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Ka-runaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM Type100286).

MALE (Figure 7).—Length 8.0 mm, forewing5.2 mm. Black, apical half of mandible exceptteeth red; the following testaceous: narrow apicalmargin of pronotal disk, tegula except base, basalfourth of mid and hind tibiae, tarsi except apicalsegment. Vestiture glittering white, relativelydense and erect on head and thorax, sparser andsubappressed on abdomen. Wings clear, stigmadark brown, veins light brown.

Head (Figure 30, drawn from paratype) width1.5 times height from apex of clypeus to posteriorocelli, interocular distance at anterior ocellus 1.2times least interocular distance; mandible moreslender; malar space much narrower than widthof flagellum; clypeal process narrow, sides con-verging toward rounded apex, in profile beaklike;lateral hypostomal tooth blunt, median tuberclevery weak; front with small confluent punctures;ocellocular line 1.3 times postocellar line; secondflagellar segment as long as third, 1.3 times aslong as first.

Pronotal disk with anterior ridge, surface be-hind this with tiny punctures separated by half

the diameter of a puncture laterally and by thediameter of a puncture in middle area; scutumwith small subconfluent punctures except lat-erally where they are more separated; scutellardisk damaged by pinhole, in paratypes with smallpunctures, separated on lateral third by half thediameter of a puncture, the middle very sparselypunctate; mesopleuron with small, mostly con-fluent punctures except posteriorly where theyare separated by half or more the diameter of apuncture; propodeum with median ridge betterdeveloped on posterior surface than on dorsal, thelatter with coarse rugulosoreticulations becomingfiner toward side, posterior and lateral surfaceswith rugulosoreticulations of fine mesh exceptlower half of lateral surface with oblique rugulae.

Abdomen with fine punctures, somewhat closerthan in other species, apices of segments with arow of closer punctures; genitalia (Figure 33, ofparatype).

ALLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, Thawalamtenne, 740-760 m, 18Feb 1977, P.B. Karunaratne, code 21877 B(USNM).

FEMALE (Figure 8).—Length 5.3 mm. Black,the following red: mandible, antenna except last2 segments, thorax and propodeum except me-sopleuron mostly black, first abdominal segmentexcept narrowly at base and apex, and coxae,trochanters, and femora beneath. Erect vestitureon front, dorsum of thorax, propodeum and ab-domen black to dark brown, white elsewhere,longer and denser than in M. litoralis, new species.

Head width 2.0 times least interocular distance(Figure 16); convex swelling on middle of clypeusstronger than in M. litoralis; malar space absent,mandibular condyles touching lower edge of eye;viewed from above, the front only slightly pro-tuberant above antennae (Figure 15); front withlarger punctures than in M. litoralis, mostly sepa-rated by the diameter of a puncture or less andwith scarcely any interspaces as wide as anteriorocellus; postocellar line 1.8 times lateral ocellarline and 0.8 times ocellocular distance.

Pronotum 0.6 times as wide as head and 1.2times as wide as propodeum, the disk with a


median furrow and with small punctures mostlyseparated by half the diameter of a puncture;disk of scutum as wide as long and with smallsubcontiguous punctures; scutellar disk 0.6 timesas wide as long and with small punctures sepa-rated by half the diameter of a puncture exceptfor a small smooth area anteriorly; posterior halfof mesopleuron with coarser oblique rugulae thanin M. litoralis; mesosternum with a pair of nar-rowly separated low ridges in front of mid coxae;dorsal and posterior surfaces of propodeum withsmall punctures separated by distances varyingfrom the diameter of a puncture to half thatdistance.

Abdominal terga with fine punctures whichare denser than in M. heveli.

PARATYPES.—416*, 17$, all Sri Lanka and all(USNM) except where noted otherwise, NORTH-

ERN PROVINCE. Mannar District: 16* Cashew Corp.,Ma Villu, 17-21 Feb 1979, in Malaise trap, K.V.Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gun-awardane; 26*, 0.5 mi NE of Kokmotte Bungalow,Wilpattu Natl. Park, 22-25 May 1976, in Malaisetrap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne,D.W. Balasooriya. NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. An-uradhapura District: 106*, Padaviya, irrigation bun-galow or tank, 180 ft, 26*, 27 Feb-9 Mar 1970,D.R. Davis, W.H. Rowe; 46*, 12-22 Mar 1976, inMalaise trap, P.B. and S. Karunaratne; 46*, 18May 1976, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B.and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya. 26*, 19,Padaviya archeological site; 19, 20 May 1976, S.Karunaratne; 16*, 21 May 1976, in Malaise trap,K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, D.W.Balasooriya; 16*, l l -14Oct 1977, in Malaise trap,K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando,T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera. 16*, Occapu Kallu,Wilpattu Natl. Park, 150 ft, 18 Mar 1970, D.R.Davis, W.H. Rowe. EASTERN PROVINCE. TrincomaleeDistrict: 1$, Tennamaravadi, 18 May 1976, K.V.Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Bal-asooriya. 246*, Trincomalee, China Bay RidgeBungalow, in Malaise trap; 116*, 13-17 and 16-17May 1976, 0-100 ft, same collectors as holotypes;86*, 8-11 Nov 1977, 0-30 m, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, P. Fernando, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jay-

aweera; 16*, 24-25 Jul 1978, in Malaise trap, K.V.Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, V. Kulasekare, L. Jay-awickrema; 46*, 26 Feb 1979, 25-50 ft, in Malaisetrap, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwar-dane, L. Jayawickrema, T. Gunawardane. Am-parai District: 16*, 49, Ekgal Aru; 16* ReservoirJungle, 10 Jun 1976, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krom-bein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne; 29, same junglebut 100 m, 19-22 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya;29, Ekgal Aru tank, 22-23 Feb 1977, same collec-tors, CENTRAL PROVINCE. Matale District: 16*, Ki-bissa, 0.5 mi W of Sigiriya, jungle, 28 Jun-4 Jul1978, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Ka-runaratne, T. Wijesinhe, V. Kulasekare. KandyDistrict: 16*, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 13Oct 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T.Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane;29, Thawalamtenne, 740-760 m, 21 Aug 77, K.V.Krombein, D.W. Balasooriya. NORTH WESTERN

PROVINCE. Puttalam District: 16*, Pannika Villu, 20m, 31 Oct-2 Nov 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera. WEST-ERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 59, Colombo, 2 on11 Sep 23, 2 on 1 Nov 26, 1 on 3 Dec 28, G.M.Henry (Colombo), SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Rat-napura District: 29, 16*, Gilimale, Induruwa Jungle,19. on 17 Jun 76, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S.Karunaratne; 19 on 5 Feb 77, K.V. Krombein;16* on 7-8 Mar 79, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krom-bein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwar-dane, L. Jayawickrema. 16*, Sinharaja forest, 600ft, 5 Aug 73, in Malaise trap, G. Ekis. UVA PROV-INCE. Monaragala District: 16*, Wellawaya, Nov 11,O.S. Wickwar (London). 16*, Uda Walawe, 300ft, in Malaise trap in thorn scrub forest, 1 Aug73, G. Ekis. 129, 196*, Angunakolapelessa, 16 miE of Uda Walawe; 9, 7 Feb 1975, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, E.G. Dabrera;16*, in Malaise trap, 17-19 Jun 78, K.V. Krom-bein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Kula-sekare; 176*, 21-23 Jan 79, in Malaise trap, K.V.Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S.Siriwardane, T. Gunawardane (USNM); 119, 16*,8-9 Oct 80, 6* in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawick-

NUMBER 574

rema, V. Gunawardane. SOUTHERN PROVINCE.Galle District: 16\ Kanneliya section, SinharajaJungle, 13-16 Jul 1978, in Malaise trap, K.V.Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L.Jayawickrema, N. Karunaratne; 1(5, same localitybut 2-5 Oct 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karu-naratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gun-awardane. Hambantota District: 19, Palatupana,3-6 Feb 75, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne,P. Fernando, E.G. Dabrera; 16*, Palatupana tank,10-16 m, in Malaise trap, 6-7 Nov 1980, K.V.Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L.Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane; 6$, same local-ity but 29 Mar-2 Apr 1981, K.V. Krombein, T.Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunge. A pair of paratypeshas been placed in the National Museums of SriLanka (Colombo) and British Museum (NaturalHistory). A male from Northern Province, JaffnaDist., Elephant Pass, 2 Jan 23, G.M. Henry (Col-ombo) is not included in the type series becauseit lacks an abdomen.

Male paratypes are 4.5-10.8 mm long. In somespecimens the normally dark parts of tibiae maybe light brown. The clypeal process is occasionallyheavier, and the median ridge on propodeummay be lacking dorsally, posteriorly, or both. Thesmallest specimens are comparatively more deli-cately sculptured and more sparsely punctate.Female paratypes are 4.0-6.0 mm long, and thecoloration is rather uniform except that the pro-podeum rarely is brownish and there may be areduced amount of red on the abdomen. Punc-tation and sculpture are also variable, smallerspecimens being comparatively more sparselypunctate and with more delicate sculpture, andthe largest specimen from Padaviya having sub-contiguous punctures on front, pronotum, andscutum. Three specimens (Gilimale, Padaviya,Thawalamtenne) have the mesopleural rugulaefiner and closer than in the rest of the series.

42. Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, newspecies

FIGURES 18-20, 28, 38

This rather widely distributed species is themost common species of the subgenus Dryinopsis.

It occurs in both the Dry Zone and the Wet Zonebut only in areas of moderate rainfall in the latterzone and at altitudes ranging near sea level to2100 ft. Putative host larvae include some 13 taxaof Cicindelidae as listed in the discussion underthe subfamily heading. This section also includesnotes on the behavior of two females of M. (D.)taprobane and the larvae which they parasitized.

The male has light-red legs and small, rela-tively dense punctation on the mesopleuron; how-ever, three of the 11 males have the mesopleuronmore sparsely punctate, approaching the condi-tion in M. (D.) anomala, new species, which alsohas light-red legs. Males of these two Dryinopsismay be separated by the genitalia (cf. Figures 37,38), by the ratio of ocellocular to postocellardistance (1.5 and 2.5 respectively), and by thelack of shagreening on the lateral area of dorsalsurface of the propodeum in the present species.

Females of Dryinopsis are much more uncom-mon than those of typical Methocha. I am unableto distinguish significant differences among theseven available females in color, vestiture, punc-tation, and body proportions, and I believe thatthey are conspecific. The females are from fivelocalities; males were collected at three of these(Ma Villu, Parayanalankulam, Pannika Villu),no males whatever at a fourth (Pooneryn), andone male of M. (D.) anomala at the fifth (EkgalAru); however, at the latter locality the two fe-males were taken near the Circuit Bungalow,whereas the single male was collected a miledistant in the Sanctuary Jungle. The occurrenceof two species at Ekgal Aru is of no significance,for all four species of male Dryinopsis have beencollected in Udawattakele Sanctuary, Kandy. Fe-males of M. taprobane and M. ceylonica, new species,are readily separated by the characters in thepreceding key.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is the Romanname for ancient Lanka.

HOLOTYPE.—<5, North Western Province, Put-talam District, Pannika Villu, Wilpattu Natl.Park, 20 m, 31 Oct-2 Nov 1977, K.V. Krombein,P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera(USNM Type 100287).


MALE.—Length 6.8 mm, forewing 5.2 mm.Black, the following light red: mandible exceptnarrowly at base and legs except fore and hindcoxae and mid coxa above; palpi and tegulatestaceous. Vestiture glittering white, relativelydense, short and suberect on head and thorax,sparser and subappressed on abdomen. Wingsclear, stigma dark brown, veins lighter brown.

Head (Figure 28, drawn from paratype) width1.3 times height from apex of clypeus to posteriorocellus, interocular distance at anterior ocellus1.2 times least interocular distance; malar spaceevanescent; clypeal process narrow, sides converg-ing toward rounded apex, in profile beaklike;ocellocular line 1.5 times postocellar line; secondand third flagellar segments subequal and 1.4times first segment.

Pronotal disk without a strong anterior ridge,this area with a few fine transverse carinae behindwhich are fine punctures separated by the diam-eter of a puncture; scutum with small confluentpunctures except anterior area between parap-sides where they are separated by half the diam-eter of a puncture; scutellar disk with small punc-tures separated by half the diameter of a punc-ture, declivous lateral areas with smaller con-fluent punctures; mesopleuron with a continuouscrenulate groove above and anteriorly, disk withfine punctures, mostly separated by twice thediameter of a puncture; propodeum without me-dian ridge, dorsal surface rounding gradually intoposterior, dorsal surface with irregular longitudi-nal rugulae and 2 transverse rugulae at apex,posterior surface with small rugulose reticula-tions, lateral surface with a few coarse obliquerugulae on anterior half and fine rugulose reti-culations on posterior.

Abdominal dorsum with fine punctures sepa-rated by one-and-a-half times to twice the diam-eter of a puncture; genitalia (Figure 38, of aparatype).

ALLOTYPE.—9, Northern Province, VavuniyaDistrict, Parayanalankulam, 22 Nov 1969, K.V.Krombein (USNM).

FEMALE.—Length 4.8 mm. Black, glossy, thefollowing light red: palpi, mandible, apical half

of clypeal lobe, antenna except last 4 segments,last 2 abdominal segments, legs except outer sur-face of coxae, trochanters; femora and tibiaebrownish. Vestiture sparse, white to cinereous,erect on head, thorax, and first abdominal ter-gum, that on second through fifth terga subde-cumbent, the setae on middle third of each seg-ment directed obliquely inward toward midline,the setae on outer third directed posteriorly.

Head viewed from above (Figure 18), stronglynarrowed behind eyes, ocelli in an acute triangle,and front slightly concave in middle, not protu-berant; viewed from in front (Figure 19) the head2.3 times as wide as narrowest part of front; apicalmargin of clypeal lobe slightly emarginate; im-pressed supraclypeal area smooth, flat, higherthan wide; antennal flagellum noticeably clavatetoward apex; interocular distance at posteriorocelli 1.7 times least interocular distance; lowerpart of front impunctate except for a narrow stripof small punctures along eye margin, upper partof front with small punctures mostly separated by2 or more times diameter of a puncture; post-ocellar line 1.3 times lateral ocellar line and 0.7times ocellocular distance; vertex with sparserpunctation.

Thorax in profile (Figure 20) with scutum de-pressed below level of pronotum and concave,scutellum gently convex; pronotum 0.6 times aswide as head and 1.2 times propodeal width, diskconvex, not furrowed, and with a few scatteredfine punctures; scutum virtually impunctate; scu-tellum sparsely and finely punctate but moredensely than pronotum; mesopleuron with finescattered punctures on anterior half, posteriorhalf smooth; mesosternum without posterior teethor ridges; dorsum of propodeum with small punc-tures separated by about twice the diameter of apuncture.

Abdomen with fine scattered, piliferous punc-tures on posterior two-thirds of second throughfifth terga, anterior third smooth.

PARATYPES.—96*, 69, all Sri Lanka and

(USNM) as follows, NORTHERN PROVINCE. JaffnaDistrict: 19, 13 mi S of Pooneryn, -100 ft, 7 Nov1976, S. Karunaratne. Vavuniya District: 16", Par-

NUMBER 1574 97

ayanalankulam irrigation canal, 100 ft, 20-25Mar 1970, D.R. Davis, W.H. Rowe. Mannar Dis-trict: 1(5, Cashew Corporation, Ma Villu, Malaisetrap, 17-21 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijes-inhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawardane; 16, 0.5mi NW of Kokmotte Bungalow, Wilpattu Natl.Park, at black light, 15-16 Feb 1979, K.V. Krom-bein, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawar-dane. NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. 2$, same data asholotype but 1 Nov 1979, 1 bearing code number11177 A, P.B. Karunaratne. EASTERN PROVINCE.

Amparai District: 2$, Ekgal Aru tank, Circuit Bun-galow, 22 and 23 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B.Karunaratne, 1 bearing code number 22277 A.CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 26, HasalakaCircuit Bungalow, 500 ft, 30 Mar-9 Apr 1971, P.and P. Spangler, et al., in Malaise trap, and22-25 Nov 1970, O.S. Flint, Jr., et al.; 16\ Kandy,Udawattakele Sanctuary, 2100 ft, 20-27 Sep1976, S. Karunaratne. WESTERN PROVINCE. ColomboDistrict: 26, Labugama, 400 ft, in Malaise trap,24 Aug 1973, G. Ekis, et al. SABARAGAMUWA PROV-

INCE. Ratnapura District: \6, Panamure, 500 ft,15-21 Nov 1970, O.S. Flint, Jr., et al. SOUTHERN

PROVINCE. Monoragala District: 56, Angunakolape-lessa, 100 m, 21-23 Jan 1979, in Malaise trap,K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe,S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawardane. Hambantota Dis-trict: 36\ Palatupana tank, 15-50 ft, 18-20 Jan1979, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Ka-runaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gun-awardane; 19, same locality as preceding but 29Mar 1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, L.Weeratunge.

Male paratypes are 5.5-7.8 mm long and agreewell in coloration with the holotype except thatthe femora are brownish in one specimen. Thereis some variation in density of punctation whichis particularly noticeable on the mesopleuron. Ina few specimens many of the discal punctures areseparated by three or four times the diameter ofa puncture, and in a few specimens these punc-tures are a bit larger, and many are separated bythe diameter of a puncture.

Female paratypes are 3.5-4.6 mm long and aresimilar in coloration to the allotype, except in

several specimens the outer surface of the legs isdarker brown as is the lower half of clypeal lobe.The head width is 2.2-2.4 times as wide as nar-rowest part of front, and the interocular distanceat posterior ocelli is 1.5-1.6 times the least inter-ocular distance.

43. Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, newspecies

FIGURE 29

This species of the Hill Country, known onlyfrom two males from Kandy and nearby Pera-deniya, is the most easily recognized of the Cey-lonese Dryinopsis males. The coloration of the legsis unique in that the basal fourth of mid and hindtibiae, and tarsi except apical segment, are tes-taceous as in Methocha (M.) ubiquita, new species,rather than having legs mostly light red as in M.(D.) taprobane, new species, and M. (D.) anomala,new species, or mostly black or dark brown as inM. (D) ceylonica, new species. Surprisingly, thegenitalia are so similar to those of M. (D.) tapro-bane that the two species cannot be discriminatedon that basis. Putative host larvae include someseven taxa of Cicindelidae as noted in the discus-sion under "Subfamily Methochinae."

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is based onKandy, capital of the last native kingdom.

HOLOTYPE.—6*, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, Peradeniya Botanical Garden,Jan 1971, Piyadasa and Somapala (USNM Type100288).

MALE.—Length 7.3 mm, forewing 5.2 mm.Black, the following testaceous: palpi, middlethird of mandible, narrow hind margin of pro-notum, tegula, basal fourth of mid and hindtibiae, and all tarsi except apical segment; tip olmandible light red. Vestiture glittering white,relatively dense, short and suberect on head andthorax, sparser and subappressed on abdomen.Wings clear, stigma dark brown, veins lighterbrown.

Head (Figure 29, drawn from paratype) width1.3 times height from apex of clypeus to posterior


ocellus, interocular distance at anterior ocellus1.2 times least interocular distance; malar spaceevanescent; clypeal process broader than in M.(D.) taprobane, in profile blunter, heavier, notbeaklike; ocellocular line 1.1 times postocellarline; second and third flagellar segments subequalin length and 1.2 times as long as first.

Pronotal disk without a strong anterior ridge,this area with a few fine transverse carinae behindwhich are fine punctures separated by the diam-eter of a puncture; scutum with small punctures,on median third anteriorly separated by half thewidth of a puncture, laterad of this and to pa-rapsidal furrow the punctures confluent in trans-verse rows, area laterad of parapsidal furrow ason median section; scutellar disk with small punc-tures separated by half the diameter of a punc-ture, declivous lateral areas with smaller con-fluent punctures; mesopleuron with continuouscrenulate groove above and anteriorly, disk withpunctures slightly larger than in M. (D.) taprobane,mostly separated by 1 to 2 times the diameter ofa puncture; propodeum without a median ridge,dorsal surface rounding gradually into posterior,dorsal surface with several median longitudinalrugulae, area laterad of these with small rugulosereticulations, posteriorly with larger rugulose re-ticulations, posterior surface finely and irregularlyrugulose, lateral surface with a few coarse obliquerugulae on anterior half and very fine rugulosereticulations on posterior half.

Abdominal dorsum with fine punctures sepa-rated by one-and-a-half times to twice the diam-eter of a puncture; genitalia indistinguishablefrom those of M. (D.) taprobane (Figure 38).

FEMALE.—Unknown.

PARATYPE.—16*, same data as holotype butKandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 1800 ft, in Ma-laise trap, 13-14 Aug 1973, G. Ekis et al.(USNM). The paratype is deposited in the Na-tional Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo).

It is 8.1 mm long and is very similar in alldetails to the holotype except that there are tworelatively strong transverse rugulae separating thedorsal and posterior surfaces of the propodeum.

44. Methocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, newspecies

FIGURE 37

This species, known only from two localities, isknown from four males and one female. It occursat Trincomalee in the Dry Zone and at Kandy inthe Wet Zone with moderate rainfall, so we mayexpect it to have a relatively wide distribution inthe country. Like M. (D.) kandyensis, new species,the male is very readily recognized by the color-ation of the legs which are almost entirely darkin this species. The genitalia are indistinguishablefrom those of M. (D.) anomala, new species, whichhas almost entirely light-red legs. The compara-tively greater postocellar distance and greaterlength of the third flagellar segment as comparedto the first also distinguish this species from M.(D.) taprobane, new species, and M. (D.) kandyensis.

The sex association in M. ceylonica is based onhaving collected a male in a Malaise trap, 22 Sep1980, on the topmost ridge in Udawattakele Sanc-tuary and the capture of a female on the ground,14 Oct 1980, just a few meters from where theMalaise trap had been set. The dark brown tarsiof both sexes also suggest that this association iscorrect. The female is easily separated from thatof M. taprobane by the characters cited in theforegoing key.

Putative host larvae include some eight taxa ofCicindelidae as listed in the discussion under"Subfamily Methochinae."

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is based onone of the former names for its homeland.

HOLOTYPE.—6, Sri Lanka, Central Province,Kandy District, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu-ary, 1800 ft, 3-5 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B.and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNMType 100289).

MALE.—Length 9.7 mm, forewing 7.2 mm.Black, apical half of mandible, except apex, andtegula dark red, palpi testaceous, fore and midlegs dark brown, the foretarsus lighter brown.Vestiture glittering white, relatively dense, shortand suberect on head and thorax, sparser and

NUMBER 374 99

subappressed on abdomen. Wings clear, stigmadark brown, veins lighter brown.

Head width 1.4 times the height from apex ofclypeus to anterior ocellus, interocular distance atanterior ocellus 1.3 times least interocular dis-tance; malar space evanescent; clypeal processbroad as in M. (D.) kandyensis, in profile beaklikebut stouter than in M. (D.) taprobane; punctationof front as figured for those 2 species; ocellocularline 2.1 times the postocellar line; third flagellarsegment 1.1 times as long as second, 1.6 times aslong as first.

Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, thisarea with a few transverse carinae behind whichare fine punctures mostly separated by the di-ameter of a puncture; scutum with small punc-tures, anteriorly on middle of disk separated byhalf the diameter of a puncture, laterad of this toparapsidal furrows with closer punctures, some ofwhich are confluent transversely, area laterad ofparapsidal furrow with more separated punc-tures; scutellar disk with small punctures sepa-rated by half the diameter of a puncture, decli-vous lateral areas with smaller confluent punc-tures; mesopleuron with continuous crenulategroove anteriorly and above, surface of disk withsmall punctures mostly separated by half thediameter of a puncture; propodeum without amedian ridge, dorsal surface rounding graduallyinto posterior, the juncture without transverserugulae, middle of dorsal surface with a fewradiating rugulae, laterad of these the surfaceshagreened and with small rugulose reticulations,posterior surface with small rugulose reticulationsbecoming weaker toward apex, lateral surfacewith close oblique rugulae on basal half, posteriorhalf with fine rugulose reticulations arranged inoblique rows.

Abdominal dorsum with fine puncture; sepa-rated by one-and-a-half times to twice the diam-eter of a puncture; genitalia (Figure 37).

ALLOTYPE.—$, same locality as holotype, but14 Oct 1980, K.V. Krombein (USNM).

FEMALE.—Length 5.0 mm. Black, glossy; man-dible red near tip; palpi testaceous; apical half offlagellum and tarsi dark brown; sixth tergum and

fifth and sixth sterna chestnut. Vestiture sparse,erect and black on top of head, thoracic dorsumand first 2 terga, silvery and suberect on face andthird through fifth terga, the setae on those tergadirected posteriorly.

Head strongly narrowed behind eyes, ocelli inan acute triangle, and front slightly concave inmiddle; head 2.7 times as wide as narrowest partof front; apical margin of clypeal lobe slightlyemarginate; impressed supraclypeal area smooth,flat, higher than wide; antennal flagellum clavatetoward apex; interocular distance at posteriorocelli 1.5 times least interocular distance; lowerfront with small punctures with a narrow strip offine punctures adjacent to eye, mostly separatedby about the diameter of a puncture; postocellarline 2.0 times lateral ocellar line and 1.1 timesocellocular distance; vertex sparsely punctate.

Pronotum 0.6 times as wide as head and 1.2times propodeal width, disk convex and withscattered fine punctures; scutum and scutellumwith more scattered punctures than either pro-notum or propodeum; mesopleuron with veryscattered punctures.

Abdominal terga with more scattered punc-tures than in M. taprobane, anterior third of thirdthrough fifth terga impunctate.

PARATYPES.—1<5, same locality as holotype but13-14 Jul 1973, in Malaise trap, G. Ekis et al.(USNM); \6, same locality as holotype but 22Sep 1980, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein; P.B.Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V.Gunawardane (USNM). EASTERN PROVINCE. Trin-comalee District: 1(5, Trincomalee, China Bay, 0-100 ft, 27-31 Jan 1977, K.V. Krombein, P. Fer-nando, D.W. Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane(USNM). One paratype has been deposited inthe National Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo).

The paratypes are 8.0-8.4 mm long and arevery much like the holotype except that the tarsiare lighter brown in two specimens.

45. Methocha (Dryinopsis) anomaia, newspecies

This species and M. (D.) ceylomca, new species,differ from the other two Cevlonese males of the


subgenus in having the ocelli closer together sothat the ocellocular distance is twice or more thepostocellar distance instead of being 1.5 times orless. These two species also differ in having thelateral area of the dorsal propodeal surfacestrongly shagreened and in having the cuspis ofthe genitalia digitate rather than blunt (cf. Fig-ures 37, 38). The almost entirely light-red legs ofM. (D.) anomala separate it at once from M. (D.)ceylonica which has almost entirely dark-brownlegs.

Methocha anomala occurs in both the Dry Zoneand Wet Zone, in areas ranging from light toheavy rainfall. Putative host larvae include someeight taxa of Cicindelidae as noted in the discus-sion under "Subfamily Methochinae."

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is based onthe Greek anomalos (strange).

HOLOTYPE.—S, Sri Lanka, Eastern Province,Amparai District, Ekgal Aru Sanctuary Jungle,100 m, in Malaise trap, 19-22 Feb 1977, K.V.Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W.Balasooriya (USNM Type 100290).

MALE.—Length 8.5 mm, forewing 6.2 mm.Black, palpi testaceous, the following light red:mandible except extreme base, tegula and legs.Vestiture glittering white, relatively dense, shortand suberect on head and thorax, sparser andsubappressed on abdomen. Wings clear, stigmadark brown, veins light brown.

Head width 1.4 times height from apex ofclypeus to fore ocellus, interocular distance atanterior ocellus 1.3 times the least interoculardistance; malar space evanescent; clypeal processnarrow, in profile beaklike; punctation of front asin \t. taprobane, new species (Figure 28), ocel-locular line 2.5 times postocellar line; second andthird flagellar segments subequal, 1.5 times aslong as first.

Pronotal disk without anterior ridge, this areawith a few transverse carinae behind which arefine punctures mostly separated by diameter of apuncture; scutum with small punctures, on raisedmedian area these separated by half the diameterof a puncture, laterally and posteriorly the punc-tures subcontiguous except narrow areas laterad

of parapsidal furrow with sparser finer punctures;scutellar disk with small punctures separated byhalf the diameter of a puncture, declivous lateralareas with smaller confluent punctures; meso-pleuron with continuous crenulate groove aboveand anteriorly, disk with fine punctures mostlyseparated by 2 to 3 times the diameter of apuncture; propodeum without median ridge, dor-sal and posterior surfaces rounding gradually intoeach other and not separated by transverse ru-gulae, central area with coarse, irregular rugulosereticulations, lateral area strongly shagreened andwith fine rugulose reticulations laterally and pos-teriorly, posterior surface with small rugulose re-ticulations becoming weaker toward apex, lateralsurface with close oblique rugulae on anteriorhalf, and fine rugulose reticulations tending to bein oblique rows on posterior half.

Abdominal dorsum with fine punctures sepa-rated by one-and-a-half times to twice the diam-eter of a puncture; genitalia indistinguishablefrom those of M. (D.) ceylonica (Figure 37).

FEMALE.—Unknown.PARATYPES.—CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District:

1<3, Hasalaka Irrigation Bungalow, 5 mi NW ofMahiyangana, in Malaise trap, 30 Mar-9 Apr1971, P. and P. Spangler, et al. (USNM); 16\same data but Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary,2100 ft, 20-30 Jul 1976, S. Karunaratne(USNM). SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. RatnapuraDistrict: 16\ Sinharaja Jungle, 10 Sep 1979, P.B.Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, R.Subasinhe (USNM). SOUTHERN PROVINCE. GalleDistrict: 16\ Kanneliya section of Sinharaja Jun-gle, in Malaise trap, 13-16 Jul 1978, K.V. Krom-bein, P.B. and N. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L.Jayawickrema (USNM). A paratype has beenplaced in the National Museums of Sri Lanka(Colombo). A male from Kandy, Jul 1910, O.S.Wickwar (London), is not included in the typeseries because it lacks a head.

The male paratypes are 8.0-8.5 mm long andagree well in all details except that the tarsi ofthe Udawattakele and Kanneliya specimens arebrown.

NUMBER !574 101

Genus Karlissa Krombein

Karlissa Krombein, 1979:428 [type-species: Methoca [sic] ru-gosa Cameron, by original designation].

The species on which this unusual genus isbased has been known for more than eight dec-ades only from the unique male type of M. rugosaCameron from Ceylon. I recognized that it con-stituted a new genus of Methochinae when Istudied the type in 1965. In proposing the genusKarlissa, I suggested that its rarity might be dueto its leading an arboreal existence and that itmight parasitize larvae of arboreal tiger beetlesdwelling in borings in twigs and branches.

I searched unsuccessfully in Sri Lanka for Kar-lissa during 11 trips from 1969 to 1980. Finally,on my twelfth trip in 1981, a serendipitous eventoccurred leading to the capture of the secondmale. I had been collecting small Hymenopteraand Coleoptera in leaf litter on the downslope ofthe bund at Palatupana tank. This is on the xericsoutheast coast of the Dry Zone and is a localitywhere I had collected during eight previous trips.At 0915 bladder pressure from a diuretic causedme to move 10 meters away beneath a ranawaratree. Just as I completed this urgent elimination,I noted a male Karlissa clinging to a low plant.Several minutes earlier or later and I might havemissed it. Two days later we captured the firstknown female Karlissa crawling on a trunk of anadjacent ranawara, as well as an adult flightlesscicindelid, Tricondyla coriacea Chevrolat, its puta-tive host.

A generic diagnosis of the male was publishedin 1979, and the following diagnosis is presentedfor the female.

FEMALE.—Head (Figures 24, 25): maxillarypalpus 6-segmented, labial palpus 4-segmented;mandible stout, concave on inner surface, apexwith 2 equal teeth (Figure 2bb); apical margin ofclypeus deeply and narrowly emarginate betweenmedian lobe and the greatly produced laterallobes; apex of labrum with a narrow lateral proc-ess extending beyond margin of median clypeallobe; front with a pair of acute tubercles above

antennal insertions; ocelli in an equilateral tri-angle; antenna as in Methocha subgenus Methocha.

Thorax (Figure 26): scutum, scutellum, andmesopleuron completely fused, sutures absentthat separate these sclerites in Methocha subgenusMethocha; mesosternum with a small median foveabut without median carina, margined posteriorlyby a weak carina before mid coxae; tibial calcaria1-1-1; outer surface of mid and hind tibiae witha single preapical spine.

Abdomen as in Methocha.

46. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron)

FIGURES 24-27, 36

Methoca [sic] rugosa Cameron, 1897:52, 53, pi. 4: fig. 11 [6:Ceylon; type in Oxford University Museum].—Bingham.1897:54 [<5; redescription of type].

Poecilotiphia (?) rugosa (Cameron).—Turner, 1908b: 131 [ten-tative generic assignment].

Methocha rugosa Cameron.—Krombein, 1968:3 [confirmed asMethochinae].

Karlissa rugosa (Cameron).—Krombein, 1979:431-433, figs.1,2.

This rare species was known only from theunique holotype male until I captured a pair inthe Dry Zone in 1981. The type bears two labels,a small square with a pencilled "11" probablyreferring to the figure accompanying the descrip-tion and Cameron's label "Methoca/rugosa/Cam.Type." Cameron cited no collector andstated in his original decription that the specimencame from Ceylon. His 1897 paper described anumber of new Hymenoptera mostly from India,but it included 22 species from Ceylon. Ten ofthese were cited as being from Trincomali (Yer-bury), six as Ceylon (Yerbury), and five as Ceylon(Rothney); the sixteenth, M. rugosa, presumablywas collected by either Yerbury or Rothney.

My male was a teneral specimen clinging to aplant beneath a ranawara tree (Cassia auriculataLinnaeus, Leguminosae). It fell to the ground,and I picked it up. If my theory is correct thatKarlissa preys upon larvae of arboreal flightless-cicindelids breeding in borings in twigs orbranches, then this male presumably fell onto the


plant from a branch overhead. We found thefemale two days later crawling downward on atrunk of another ranawara about a meter abovethe ground and a few meters from where the malehad been captured. Earlier on this latter date Icollected an adult flightless cicindelid, Tricondylacoriacea Chevrolat, on the same tree; it is theputative host of Karlissa.

The holotype is in reasonably good conditionexcept that most of the flagellar segments aremissing (note Cameron's figure) as well as theterminal segment of left foretarsus, left mid andhind tibiae and tarsi, and the right foretarsusexcept for the basal segment. Some vestiture,especially upon eyes, has been abraded, probablythe result of the specimen having been preservedin formalin or some other liquid preservativewhen collected.

MALE.—Length 11-15 mm, forewing 8-9 mm.Black, glossy; mandible, scape, fore trochanter,femur and tibia darker red than palpi, antennalpedicel and first 4 flagellar segments which arelighter red; fifth flagellar segment infuscated atapex above; apex of pronotum narrowly reddenedin type as are outer and hind margins of tegulain both specimens. Forewing hyaline to basalvein, the apical half infuscate; apical third ofhind wing infuscate. Vestiture on front relativelydense, subappressed and golden, that on thoraxsparse, suberect and glittering white; discal ves-titure on abdomen sparse, suberect and whiteexcept apices of segments with a single row ofsubappressed black setae; setae on eyes short,relatively dense.

Head in frontal view with punctation and ves-titure as figured (Figure 27); clypeal keel verycompressed; first 8 flagellar segments relativelyshorter and broader than in other male metho-chines; malar space very narrow; ocelli normal insize, arranged in a low triangle, the lateral ocellardistance two-thirds the postocellar distance andhalf the ocellocular distance; no groove behindposterior ocelli; the vertex and upper templeswith relatively scattered punctures; lower templesand genae closely punctate; head behind hypos-tomal area transversely rugose.

Pronotum along midline 0.8 times as long asscutum, median length two-thirds the anteriorwidth, the latter about 0.7 times as wide as widthat tegulae, disk anteriorly with strong ridge ex-tending onto sides, anterior two-thirds of disk andsides with close transverse rugae which becomeoblique posteriorly on side, posterior third ofdorsum smooth with scattered small punctures,the pronotal dorsum sloping gradually upward tolevel of scutum; scutum somewhat irregularly,transversely rugose between parapsides which ex-tend entire length of scutum, area between pa-rapsides and tegulae pitted; scutellum as long asscutum, a median, coarsely pitted triangular arearaised above the abruptly declivous smooth sides,the short posterior section also abruptly declivousand with close, relatively small punctures; post-scutellum lying below the plane of the scutum-scutellum, anteriorly on median half with a nar-row, deep depression, posteriorly in middle withsmall, close pits, laterally declivous and with afew oblique rugulae; mesopleuron anteriorly andabove with a strong continuous ridge, upper two-thirds and posterior third coarsely pitted, more orless longitudinally on upper two-thirds, a deeplyimpressed, narrow, longitudinal, densely hairedfossa on median third below the upper pittedarea; mesosternum slightly concave along midlineand with a deep, narrow apical fossa, a few short,transverse rugulae anteriorly, punctate and pittedelsewhere, at apex with short, strong transversecarina before each mid coxa; metapleuron longi-tudinally rugulose; metasternum at apex with apair of narrowly separated, short ligulate pro-cesses, each overlying the inner ventral angle ofhind coxa; dorsum of propodeum flat, lower thanpostscutellum, a median triangular areola formedby 2 strong rugulae nearly joined at base anddiverging toward apex, area within areola with afew irregularly transverse rugulae, horizontal arealaterad of areola with coarse rugulae formingirregular pits, the horizontal surface posteriorlywith a strong, erect ruga; lateral surface of pro-podeum with strong, relatively close, oblique,somewhat irregular rugulae; posterior surface ofpropodeum abruptly declivous, with about 12

NUMBER 374 103

rugulae radiating outwardly from below, the me-dian rugula the strongest.

Declivous anterior area of first abdominal ter-gum smooth, anterior half of dorsal surface irreg-ularly, longitudinally rugulose, the remaindersmooth except for an apical row of small punc-tures and laterally with larger punctures becom-ing more crowded at side; second through sixthterga each with a deep, curved, subbasal groovebearing close, short, longitudinal rugulae, theseterga each with apical row of small punctures,smooth medially, and laterally with larger punc-tures becoming denser toward sides; seventh ter-gum rounded and with scattered larger punc-tures, pygidial area absent; first sternum ante-riorly with strong transverse ridge from whichextends a median ridge becoming graduallyweaker and ending about three-fourths the lengthof segment, the surface elsewhere with coarse,close pits becoming more separated toward apex;second sternum with large, subcontiguous punc-tures and an apical row of close small ones; thirdthrough sixth sterna each with a deep, curved,subbasal groove, wider than those on terga, andeach with close, short, longitudinal rugulae, eachof these sterna with an apical row of close, smallpunctures, elsewhere with scattered, larger punc-tures which are denser anteriorly and laterally;seventh sternum with closer larger punctures,slightly notched apically in middle, punctate atbase and with a lateral carina extending two-thirds the distance to apex; genitalia (Figure 36).

FEMALE.—Length 5.7 mm. Black, glossy, thefollowing chestnut: palpi, mandible, scape, pedi-cel, first 5 flagellar segments, apices of coxae, andtrochanters. Vestiture glittering white, erect,moderately long and sparse.

Head (Figures 24, 25) width 2.3 times leastinterocular distance; clypeus without a medianswelling, apical margin deeply and narrowlyemarginate between the median lobe and thestrongly produced lateral lobe; front with a pairof acute tubercles above antennal insertions;ocelli in an equilateral triangle, postocellar dis-tance half the ocellocular distance; front andvertex with small, scattered punctures.

Thorax in profile (Figure 26); pronotum halfas wide as head and 1.2 times propodeal width,the disk convex and with scattered minute punc-tures; scutum and scutellum fused, rounded inprofile, surface with scattered minute punctures;mesopleuron smooth with minute scattered punc-tures; propodeum similarly punctate.

Abdomen with denser though still quite sepa-rated small punctures.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—SOUTHERN PROVINCE.

Hambantota District: 16, Palatupana tank, 10-20m, 31 Mar 1981, K.V. Krombein (USNM); 1$,same locality but 2 Apr 1981, K.V. Krombeinand T. Wijesinhe (USNM).

MISCELLANEOUS. 16*, no locality label but statedto be from Ceylon in original description (Ox-ford).

Literature Cited

Adlerz, G.1903. La Proie de Methoca ichneumonides Latr. Arkiv for

Zoologi, 1:255-258.1905. Methoca ichneumonides Latr., dess lefnadsatt och rut-

vecklingsstadier. Arkiv for Zoologi, 3(4): 1-48, 1plate.

Allen, H.W.1969. Redescriptions of Types of Tiphiinae from Asia,

Africa, Oceania in the British Museum (NH) andat Oxford University. Transactions of the AmericanEntomological Society, 95:353-438.

1975. The Genus Tiphia of the Indian Subcontinent.United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bul-letin, 1509: 96 pages, 6 plates.

Allen, H.W., and H.A. Jaynes1930. Contribution to the Taxonomy of Asiatic Wasps

of the Genus Tiphia (Scoliidae). Proceedings of theUnited States National Museum, 76(17): 1-105, plates1-4.

Baltazar, C.1966. A Catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera (with a

Bibliography, 1758-1963). Pacific Insects Mono-graph, 8: 488 pages.

Bingham, C.T.1896. A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Hymen-

opterous Fauna of Ceylon. Proceedings of the Zoolog-ical Society of London, 26:401-459, plate 15.

1897. The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma:Hymenoptera, 1 (Wasps and Bees). 579 pages, 189figures, 4 plates. London.

Brothers, D.J.1975. Phylogeny and Classification of the Aculeate Hy-

menoptera, with Special Reference to the Mutil-lidae. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin,50:483-648, 101 figures.

Cameron, P.1892. Hymenoptera Orientalis, or Contributions to a

Knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the IndianZoological Region, Part 4: Scoliidae. Memoirs andProceedings of the Manchester Literary and PhilosophicalSociety, 5(4):97-137.

1897. Hymenoptera Orientalis, or Contributions to aKnowledge of the Hymenoptera of the OrientalZoological Region, Part VII. Memoirs and Proceed-ings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society,42(11): 84 pages, plate 4.

1900. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Acu-leate Hymenoptera from the Oriental Zoological

Region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series7,5:17-41.

Dalla Torre, K.W. von1897. Fossores (Sphegidae). In Catalogus Hymenoplerorum,

8: 749 pages. Leipzig.Guerin-Meneville, F.-E.

1837. Prodrome d'une monographic des Myzines. InDictionnairepittoresque d'histoire naturelle, 5:575-585.Paris.

Guiglia, D.1965. Hymenoptera Scolioidea. In Risultati scientifici

della spedizione del Dr. Fred. Keiser alHsola diCeylon. Verhandlungen Naturforschende Gesellschaft inBasel, 76:315-324, 4 figures.

Hedicke, H.1936. Tiphiidae. In Hymenopterorum Catalogus, part 1, 32

pages.Krombein, K.V.

1937. Studies in the Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera Aculeata),I: A Review of the Genera of Myzininae. Annals ofthe Entomological Society of America, 30:27-30.

1938. Corrections and Additions to a Recent Catalog ofthe Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera). Entomological News,49:184-189.

1968. Studies in the Tiphiidae, X: Hylomesa, a NewGenus of Myzinine Wasp Parasitic on Larvae ofLongicorn Beetles (Hymenoptera). Proceedings ofthe United States National Museum, 124(3644): 22pages, 5 figures, 1 plate.

1979. Studies in the Tiphiidae, XII: A New Genus ofMethochinae with Notes on the Subgenera ofMethocha (Latreille) (Hymenoptera Aculeata). Pro-ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,81:424-434,5 figures.

Magretti, P.1892. Viaggio di Leonarda Fea in Birmanie e regioni

vicine, XLIII: Imenotteri, parte prima, Mutillidei,Scoliidei, Tifiidei, Tinnidei colla descrizione diparecchie nuove specie. Annali del Museo Civico diStoria Naturelle di Genova, (2)12:197-266, 1 plate.

Maxwell-Lefroy, H.1909. Indian Insect Life: A Manual of the Insects of the Plains

(Tropical India). 786 pages, 536 figures, 84 coloredplates. London: W. Thacker & Co.

Motschulsky, V. de1863. Essai d'un catalogue des insectes de l'ile Ceylan,

VI: Hymenopteres. Bulletin de la Socie'te Impenale desNaturalistes de Moscou, 36:11-73, plate 2.

104

NUMBER 374 105

Nurse, C.G.1902. New Species of Indian Hymenoptera.yourna/o/^

Bombay Natural History Society, 14:79-92, 1 plate.Roberts, R.

1930. Seven New Names in the Genus Tiphia (Hy-menoptera, Scoliidae). Canadian Entomologist62:189-190.

Rohwer, S.A.1921. The Philippine Wasps of the Subfamilies Scoliinae

and Elidinae. Philippine Journal of Science, 19:75-90.Shelford, R.

1905. [Untitled note on larvae of Collyris emarginatus Dej.and of Mormolyce. ] Transactions of the EntomologicalSociety of London, 1905:lxxii-lxxiii.

1907. The Larva of Collyris emarginatus Dej. Transactionsof the Entomological Society of London, 1907:83-90,plate in.

Smith, F.1855. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of

the British Museum, III. 206 pages, 5 plates.1879. Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Col-

lection of the British Museum. 240 pages.Tennent, J.E.

1861. Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon with Narrativesand Anecdotes Illustrative of the Habits and Instincts of

the Mammalia, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, etc.,Including a Monograph of the Elephant and a Descriptionof the Modes of Capturing and Training It. 500 pages,many unnumbered illustrations. London.

Turner, R.E.1908a. Additions to the Hymenopterous Genera Myzine

and Plesia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History,series 8, 1:497-514.

1908b. Remarks on the Hymenopterous Genus Tiphia.Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8,2:116-131.

1911. New Hymenoptera from Ceylon: Mutillidae andScoliidae. Spolia Zeylanica, 7:152, 153.

1912. Studies in the Fossorial Wasps of the Family Sco-liidae, Subfamilies Elidinae and Anthoboscinae.Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,

1912:696-754. 3 plates.1918. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera, XXXII: On

New Species in the British Museum. Annals andMagazine of Natural History, series 9, 1:86-96.

Walker, F.1859. Characters of Some Apparently Undescribed Cey-

lon Insects. Annals and Magazine of Natural History,series 3, 4:370-376.


FIGURES 14.—Dorsal aspect; external surface of mid tibia (a); external surface of hind tibia(b); tarsal claw (c). Anthobosca ceylonica, new species: 1, male; 2, female. Tiphia consueta Smith: 3,male; 4, female.

NUMBER 374 107

FIGURES 5-8.—Dorsal aspect; external surface of mid tibia (a); external surface of hind tibia(b); tarsal claw (c). Mesa clanpennis (Bingham): 5, male; 6, female. Methocha (Slethocha) ubiquita,new species: 7, male; 8, female.


11

FIGURES 9-11.—Male genitalia, internal aspect (left), profile of aedeagus (center), externalaspect (right): 9, Anthobosca ceylomca, new species; 10, Mesa dimidiaia (Guerin); 11, Mesa claripenms(Bingham).

NUMBER 374 109

14

FIGURES 12-14.—Male genitalia, internal aspect (left), profile of aedeagus (center), externalaspect (right): 12, Mesa petwlata (Smith); 13, Mesaflavipenms, new species; 14, Mesa karunaratnei,new species.

no SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

19

FIGURES 15-20. — Dorsal aspect of $ head (top), frontal view of $ head (center), lateral aspectof 9 thorax (bottom): 15-17, Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new species (scale for 16 same as 15);18 20, Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new species (scale for 19 same as 18).

NUMBER 574 111

25b22

23 26

FIGURES 21-26.—Dorsal aspect of $ head (top), frontal view of 9 head (center), lateral aspectof $ thorax (bottom): 21-23, Melhocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species (scale for 22 same as 21);24-26, Karlissa rugosa (Cameron) (25b, inner surface of mandible; scale for 25 same as 24).


FIGURES 27-32.—Frontal aspect of 6 head: 27, Karlissa rugosa (Cameron); 28, Methocha (Dryi-nopsis) taprobane, new species; 29, Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new species; 30, Methocha(Methocha) ubiquita, new species; 31, Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species; 32, Methocha(Methocha) htoralis, new species. (Insets are lateral aspects of clypeal processes.)

NUMBER 374 113

FIGURES 33-35.—Male genitalia, external aspect (left), profile of aedeagus (left center), ventralaspect of aedeagus (right center), internal aspect (right): 33, Methocha (Methocha) ubiqmta, newspecies; 34, Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species; 35, Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species.


38

FIGURES 36 38.—Male genitalia, external aspect (left), profile of aedeagus (center, Figure 36;left center. Figures 37, 38), ventral aspect (right center, Figures 37, 38), internal aspect (right):36, Karlissa rugosa (Cameron); 37, Melhocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new species; 38, Methocha(Dryinopsis) taprobane, new species.

NUMBER 374 115

40

FIGURES 39, 40.—Male genitalia, internal aspect (left), profile of aedeagus (center), externalaspect (right): 39, Hylomesa longiceps (Turner); 40, Hylomesa anomala, new species.


FIGURES 41-48.—Tiphia species: 41, T. consuela Smith, $, part of thoracic dorsum with wingsremoved showing normal tegula (te), X 90; 42, T. oswini Turner, <5, part of thoracic dorsumwith wings removed showing elongate tegula (te), X 70; 43, T. hiraskimai, new species, $, innersurface of hind basitarsus showing groove (gr), X 60; 44, T. decrescens Walker, $, inner surface ofhind basitarsus showing absence of groove, X 100; 45, T. hirashimai, new species, 9, inner surfaceof hind tibia showing ridge (ri), X 40; 46, T. decrescens Walker, ?, inner surface of hind tibiashowing lack of ridge, X 75; 47, T. hirashimai, new species, 9, outer surface of hind tibia showingnormal, more slender tibia, X 35; 48, T. decrescens Walker, $, outer surface of hind tibia showinginflated tibia, X 75.

1 18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 49-56.— Tiphia species: 49, T. hirashimai, new species, 9, lower face showing broadlyrounded clypeal lobe (cl), X 40; 50, T. decrescens Walker, 9, lower face showing normal narrowclypeal lobe (cl), X 75; 51, T. decrescens Walker, 9, part of thoracic dorsum with wings removedshowing quinquecarinate propodeal areola (ar) and submarginal carina (sc), X 40; 52, T.consueta Smith, 9, part of thoracic dorsum with wings removed showing normal tricarinatepropodeal areola (ar) and lack of submarginal carina, X 35; 53, T. hirsuta Smith, <5, abdominaldorsum showing abnormally hirsute condition, X 20; 54, T. oswini Turner, <?, abdominal dorsumshowing normal vestiture, X 25; 55, T. pulawskii, new species, 6\ lateral part of fifth abdominalsternum showing posterolateral process (pp) with adjacent depressed but not invaginated area,X 200; 56, T. hirsuta Smith, cj, lateral part of fifth abdominal sternum showing posterolateralprocess (pp) lying over an invaginated depression, X 100.


FIGURES 57 64.—Males of Ttphia species: 57, T. decrescens Walker, lateral aspect of abdominalapex showing dense tuft (tu) of suberect hair on sixth sternum, X 80; 58, T. nilgirensis Allen,lateral aspect of abdominal apex showing absence of dense tuft of suberect hair on sixthsternum, X 85; 59, T. hirashimai, new species, lower face showing strong subapical denticle (de)on mandible, X 55; 60, T. wittmeri, new species, lower face showing weak subapical denticle(de) on mandible, X 75; 61,7". consueta Smith, lower face showing absence of subapical denticleon mandible, X 55; 62, T. nilgirensis Allen, lower face showing well-developed preapical denticle(de) on mandible, X 65; 63, T. decrescens Walker, lower face, X 70; 64, T. hirsuta Smith, lowerface showing abnormally dense vestiture, X 45.

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Illustrations must not be included within the manuscript but must be submitted sepa-rately as original art (not copies). All illustrations (photographs, line drawings, maps, etc.)can be intermixed throughout the printed text. They should be termed Figures and shouldbe numbered consecutively. If several "figures" are treated as components of a single largerfigure, they should be designated by lowercase italic letters (underlined in copy) on the illus-tration, in the legend, and in text references: "Figure 9b_." If illustrations are intended to beprinted separately on coated stock following the text, they should be termed Plates and anycomponents should be lettered as in figures: "Plate 9b_." Keys to any symbols within anillustration should appear on the art and not in the legend.

A few points of style: (1) Do not use periods after such abbreviations as "mm, ft,yds, USNM, NNE, AM, BC." (2) Use hyphens in spelled out fractions: "two-thirds." (3)Spell out numbers "one" through "nine" in expository text, but use numerals in all othercases if possible. (4) Use the metric system of measurement, where possible, instead ofthe English system. (5) Use the decimal system, where possible, in place of fractions.(6) Use day/month/year sequence for dates: "9 April 1976." (7) For months in tabular list-ings or data sections, use three-letter abbreviations with no periods: "Jan, Mar, Jun," etc.

Arrange and paginate sequentially EVERY sheet of manuscript—including ALL frontmatter and ALL legends, etc., at the back of the text—in the following order: (1) title page,(2) abstract, (3) table of contents, (4) foreword and/or preface, (5) text, (6) appendixes,(7) notes, (8) glossary, (9) bibliography, (10) index, (11) legends.

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Documents

Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, IX: A Monograph