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LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Biorefineries and Biorefineries and chemicals productionchemicals production
Rajni HattiRajni Hatti--KaulKaulDepartment of BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology
Lund UniversityLund University
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Important to consider when shifting to
bio-based economy
Chemicals and materials provide higher economic Chemicals and materials provide higher economic value than energyvalue than energy
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Lipids, Proteins, Terpenoids, Alkaloids, etc.
5%Lignin20%
Carbohydrates75%
Moving from petroleum to Moving from petroleum to agriculture/forest biomass as feedstockagriculture/forest biomass as feedstock
Development of new technology essentialDevelopment of new technology essential
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Fuels
Solvent
Bulk chemicals
Plastics
Fibres
Fine chemicals
Oils
Developing a biorefineryDeveloping a biorefinery
Biomass
Choosing appropriate biomass is critical
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Renewables chemical industry Renewables chemical industry -- biorefinerybiorefinery
Biodiesel and oleochemicals
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Industrial Biotechnology will play an important Industrial Biotechnology will play an important role in transition from fossil to biorole in transition from fossil to bio--based economybased economy
SugarsBiofuelsBiomaterialsBiochemicals
Cell factories
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
- a program based on biocatalysis and green chemistry to effect the production of “green”speciality products from renewable feedstocks
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Collaborating institutionsCollaborating institutions
• Biotechnology• Environmental & Energy Systems
Studies• CIRCLE (Centre for Innovation,
Research and Competence in the Learning Economy)
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Collaborating industries in GreenchemCollaborating industries in Greenchem
• Renewable raw material providers
• Producers of chemicals
• Users of chemicals
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Target products and applicationsTarget products and applicationsSurface Coatings-Epoxides (oils, glycidyl ethers)- Polyester acrylates-Wax esters
Biolubricants-Complex fatty esters-Branched fatty acids
Biosurfactants-Alkyl glycosides-Alkanolamides
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Product development in Greenchem
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Finding suitable biocatalysts is the key …
Exploring the microbial Exploring the microbial diversity of extreme diversity of extreme
environments to obtain environments to obtain suitable biocatalystssuitable biocatalysts
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
microorganism
Habitats Cloning, expression & Production
isolation (DNA) gene-isolation
metagenome
Obtaining biocatalysts from natural diversity
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Protein design for biocatalyst developmentDirected Evolution
homology Genes
Rational Protein design
recombinedDNA-(family)-shufflingStEPrandom-primingITCHY/SCRATCHY
X X
Cloning and expression
Improved mutant
Site-directed mutagenesis
Identification of improved variants High-throughput system (HTS)
Wild typeProtein structure
molecular modeling
non-recombinedepPCR
Saturated mutagenesisMutator strain
Cassette mutagenesis
Cloning and expression in MTP
XX
X
XXX
A
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Candida antarcticaCandida antarctica lipase catalyses synthesis lipase catalyses synthesis of majority of our productsof majority of our products
H3C(CH2)21OOC(CH2)4COO(CH2)21CH3
Wax estersH3C(CH2)21OOC(CH2)20CH3
Polyester acrylate
O OO
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Polyol esters
O
O
O
O
R
O
R
R
O Esterificatio
n
Novozym435
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Other activities of lipaseOther activities of lipase
Epoxides
OHOO
OOH
OH
O
AlkanolamideO
OHNH
Perhydrolysis
Amidation
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
OOH
O
OHOH
OH
OOH
OHOHOH
OH
OOH
OOH
OHOH
OOH
OH
OHOH
OH
+
+
OHO
OH
OOH
OHOH
O
OH
OH
OH
OHOH
+
Alkylglycoside biosurfactantsAlkylglycoside biosurfactants-- synthesis catalysed by glycosidasessynthesis catalysed by glycosidases
TransglycosylationTransglycosylation
Reverse hydrolysisReverse hydrolysis
•High selectivity•No protection of reactive groups required
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Platform chemicals from renewable resourcesPlatform chemicals from renewable resources
Agriculture residues/Side-products
Biotechnological conversion
Platform chemicals
Secondary chemicals
Biocatalysis/ chemical catalysis
Applications
Biomass pretreatmentGenome shufflingMutagenesisMetabolic engineeringCell immobilizationBioreactor designScale up
Biocatalyst screeningBiocatalyst engineeringProcess development
Bioenergy
Industrial evaluationLife cycle analysis
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
• Propionic acid•3-Hydroxypropionate
GlucoseGlycerol
•1,3-propanediol•Acrylic acid•Methacrylic acid
Biodiesel
•Coatings•Thermoplastics
•Polymers •etc. etc.
Platform chemicals
Secondary chemicals
RapeseedBarley residue
Biogas
residues
Fermentation
Anaerobicdigestion
Perstorp
Lyckeby
Indienz
PerstorpBona
Göteborgsenergi
Danisco
LU
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Production of biodegradable plasticsProduction of biodegradable plastics
Biodegradation to COBiodegradation to CO2 2 and Hand H22OO
Sunlight Crop Sugar solution
Fermentation
O O
CH3 HO
*n
PolyhydroxyalkanoatePlastic product
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by a by a halophilic microorganismhalophilic microorganism
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34
Time (h)
CD
W, M
SG a
nd N
H 4+
0
15
30
45
60
75
90PH
B c
onte
nt (w
t %)
PHB
CDW
MSG
NH4+
Bacteria from a hypersaline lake
PHB production
PHB inclusions
PHB scaffold
Tissue engineering
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Lignin based formaldehydeLignin based formaldehyde--free adhesivesfree adhesives• Lignin - natural glue in woody plants• Used as solid fuel• Potential raw material for chemicals, e.g. Vanillin,
syringaldehyde, composites• For application as adhesive, increase in cross-linking
ability of lignin required
OH
OH
OH
OHOMe
OH
OHOMeMeO
12
3
4
5
6
α
β
δ
LU Biofuel - 23 October 2009
Thank you for your attention!
