Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative

Research on Grain Legumes

Biopesticide test of neem seed (Azadirachta indicaA. Juss.) extract and MaviNPV virus for the

control of main insects pest of cowpea in Niger

Ousseina ABDOULAYE ZAKARI, Ibrahim BAOUA, Seyni BOUREIMA, Manuele TAMÒ, Saadou MAHAMANE, Barry Robert PITTENDRIGH

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

IntroductionCowpea Vigna unguiculata Walp is the main food legume

world-wide (Singh et al.. 2000);

Niger is the 2nd largest cowpea producing country with an

average production of 1.7million tons over an area of 550

000 ha (MA, 2015);

However Yield remain still low in the main production

areas and does not exceed 297 to 332 kg / ha (MA, 2015).

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

Cowpea

Environment

Climatic conditions

InsectsWeeds

Diseases

(Singh et al. (1979) ;Rachi (1985)

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

Pests

Pesticides

Biopesticides

(Silva-Agayo 2013)

• Effective;• Environmental friendly;• Available locally

• Very expensive;• Environmental and health Hazards.

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

Methods

Experimental trial:

Fisher block design

6 treatments ;

8 repetitions.

Objective: This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of neem seed extract and the MaviNPV virus for the control of cowpea pests.

The experimental plots are 30m2 ; and The cowpea variety used was

IT90K-372-1-2 with a density of 75 x 35 cm

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

The treatments:

1. Neem seeds aqueous extract ( 12.5kg/ha)

2. Neem oil (1,6l/ha)

3. MaviNPV virus (115ml/ha)

4. TopBio (2l/ha) + MaviNPV virus

5. Pesticide : Conquest C 88 EC ( 500ml/ha; Acetamiprid 16g /l ,Cypermethrin 72g/l)

6. Control

( 4 applications)

Neem seeds

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

o Pests infestations ;

o Pests damage on cowpea’s flowers and pods ;

o Seeds’s quality evaluation through determining

damaged seeds by LPB ,PSB and others pests per

treatment;

o Yield per treatments after harvest.

Data collected

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

Marked stand Flowers and pods collection

Dissection and larvae counting

Plastic vials

Data collection

.RESULTS

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

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Cowpea growing season

LPB

PSB

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figure 1: Pest proportion observed on cowpea crop in Maradi station

Pesticide Neem seeds extract

Neem oil

TopBio + MaviMNPV virus

MaviMNPV virus Control

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Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

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Figure 2: Proportion of Flowers and pods damaged by LPB and PSB

Pesticide Neem seeds extract

Neem oil

TopBio + MaviMNPV virus

MaviMNPV virus Control

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

Pest damages on cowpea pods

Damaged pods by M.vitrata Damaged pod by C.tomentosicollis

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

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Others pests damaged seeds

Healthy seeds

LPB damaged seeds

PSB damaged seeds

Pesticide Neem seeds extract

Neem oil

TopBio + MaviMNPV virus

MaviMNPV virus Control

Figure 3: Proportion of seeds damaged by LPB ,PSB and others pests

2015 2016

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

Healthy seeds

LPB damaged seeds

PSB damaged seeds

Others pests damaged seeds

Damaged seeds

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

Treatement 2014 2015 2016

Pesticide 1403±115 a 1727±273 a 1123.34±77a

Neem seeds extract 1241±305 ab 1000±91 b 713.94±105 b

Neem oil 542±12 bc 842±173 b 622.42±76 b

MaviNPV virus 724±58 bc 791±27 b 683.03±62 b

TopBio + MaviNPV virus 574±28 bc 691±28 b 473.46±70 b

Control 154±42 c 200±72 c 101.16±5 c

ANOVA F=8.16; P<0.001 F=11.4; P=0.003 F=16.35; P=0.001

Table 1: Yield kg / ha per treatment

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

ConclusionThe study found that the use of biopesticides allows an

increase in yield of 323%;

The neem seeds extract at a dose of 5% provides an average cowpea yield of 985 kg / ha ; an increase in yield of 679% ;

The use of neem seed extract available in the country is to promote on-farm;

Phytosanitary treatment must start early to ensure better crop protection.

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes

Acknowledgements

Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Grain Legumes