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Biopesticide Alternatives
for Controlling Insects and
Diseases
John FrancisTechnical Services
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• Biopesticides - general• Insect control strategies with biopesticides• Root disease control using biopesticides• Tank mixing biopesticides
OUTLINE
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Advantages: • Reduce use of chemicals • Extend useful life of chemicals• Resistance management• Safer to use (plants and human)• Lower REI
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Advantages: (contd.) • Lower REI• Less phytotoxicity (Crop Safety)• O Day PHI; no MRL (exempt)• Some with OMRI Listing
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General Limitations:
•NOT a magic bullet•Require more handling •Shelf life – generally shorter vs. chem.•Work slowly•Must be used early•Higher rates do not = more kill
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The Chemical The Chemical ParadigmParadigm• Need to change your mindset
• Biopesticides are NOT chemicals
• Do not expect to use them the same way
• Do not expect the same behavior
Biopesticide successful use:• Coverage, is essential• READ the LABEL!!• Change your mindset – these are NOT
chemicals• Be sure the product is not expired – call the
manufacturer for advice
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What is the name of the volcano on the 2012 Hawai’i quarter?
TRIVIA!!
Kilauea
Mycoinsecticides (fungal spores)• BotaniGard – BioWorks – Beauveria bassiana strain GHA
• Mycotrol O – BioWorks - Beauveria bassiana strain GHA
• PFR 97* – Certis - Isaria (Paecilomyces) fumosorosea
• Preferal* – Sepro - Isaria (Paecilomyces) fumosorosea
• NoFly – Natural Industries – Paecilomyces fumosoroseus
strain FE 9901
*Same products – SePRO is subregistering from Certis
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Mycoinsecticide Infection
May never be seen
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Monitoring Effectiveness
Healthy
Infected
Sporulation is NOT a measure of control
A spore is a spore – or is it?• Blastospores (Isaria, Paecilomyces)
– produced by liquid fermentation in aqueous solution
– Not a survival structure - dispersal structure– Thin walled– More fragile in spray tank and environment– Require higher humidity to germinate/infect
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Not all spores are the same
• Conidiospores (Beauveria bassiana)– Produced in drier conditions, exposed to air– Survival structures– Thicker walled, tougher– Last longer in the environment, ready to infect– Survive lower humidity, infect at lower RH– Tolerant to chlorinated water– Tank mixable with many chemicals
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Using Mycoinsecticides• Know the label, know your pests• Start early in the cycle otherwise…• Understand pre- and post-spray reqts. • Insure full spray coverage• Observe proper spray sequence
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Using Mycoinsecticides (contd.)
• Exercise patience while the insects die• Frequency vs. higher rates will ↑ control• Store them properly (temp, light)
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Read the label
• NoFly cannot be used or tank mixed with fungicides. 1 week separation.
• High water volume reqd. • Apply immediately• Applied during “low solar radiation: late
afternoon early night”.• Apply during high relative humidity; below 86o F• Use of manual sprayers highly recommended -
meaning no fogging.
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PFR-97 20% WDG
• Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms
• Most effective when RH 80% or more for 8 – 10 hours
• Can mix with copper, but not compatible with other fungicides. Allow 5 days before/after.
• Must be agitated for 20 – 30 minutes
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Read the Label
BotaniGard 22 ES, Mycotrol O
• Aphids, thrips, whitefly, mealybug, soft scale, etc.
• Rate: 1 – 2 qts / acre• Spray 2 - 3 times 3 – 5 days apart and/or
rotate in a program
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Example:
BotaniGard 22 ES, Mycotrol O• Insure full coverage of leaves and stems
• For thrips pupae spray/sprench the soil• Tank mix with a knockdown (high population)• Store below 85o F• Shelf life:
– 18 mo BotaniGard ES– 12 months Mycotrol O
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Example: (cont)
The Issue of Humidity
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What is this?
Insect spiracle
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Biofungicides for Root Diseases
Biofungicides for Root Diseases• It is a numbers “game”
– 1 x 10E7 spores per gram = 10,000,000• 4 oz/100 rate = 1,134,000,000 spores• 8 fl oz per pot = 709,000 spores per pot
• Best applied at sowing/potting/shifting
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Biofungicides for Root Diseases• Reapply at appropriate intervals• Apply unexpired product• Easy on roots = no check in plant growth
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• Curative or preventative?
Preventative only
Must be applied to clean plants
There is no “reach back” or systemic activity
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Biofungicides for Root Diseases
Modes of Action
• Bacterial – production of secondary metabolites (antibiotics, etc.) that repel & kill pathogens
• Fungal
Competitive exclusion Mycoparasitism
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What is Hawai’i’s longest river?
TRIVIA!!
Kaukonahua Stream (south fork) on Oahu
at 33 miles
1. Products with bacterial a.i.– CEASE, Rhapsody, Serenade (B. subtilis QST
713) – Companion (Bacillus subtilis GB03)– Premier with Biofungicide (B. subtilis MBI 600
or B. pumilis GHA 180– Ecoguard (Bacillus licheniformis strain
SB3086)– Actinovate (Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108)
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Root Disease Biofungicides
2. Product with fungal a.i.– RootShield (Trichoderma harzianum T-22)– RootShield Plus (T. harzianum + T. virens
G-41)– SoilGard (Gliocladium virens GL-21)
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Root Disease Biofungicides
Reapplication Interval• Bacillus = 2 to 4 week reapplication• Streptomyces = “season long” (4 – 6 wks)• Gliocladium = 1 – 4 weeks• Trichoderma = 12 weeks (RootShield)
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Bacteria or Fungus?
Bacteria Fungus
• Pro – shelf life of 18 mo• Con – metabolite “burst”
then over • Con – short reapp interval
of 1 -4 weeks• Pro – refrigeration not
required• Con – sensitive to
chlorine and other sanitizers
• Con – shorter shelf life
6 mo to 1 year• Pro - Continuous
competitive exclusion and mycoparasitism
• Pro – long reapplication interval -12 weeks
• Con – refrigeration required• Pro – some tolerate many
input chemicals
Tank Mixing Biopesticides• Physical compatibility is only one dimension
• Affect on spores is critical• Jar test will only indicate physical compatibility• Also, not a measure of phytotoxicity• Rely on manufacturers for compatibility
information (if they have it)• Benefits from two biologicals or a chemical
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