23
Bionik rests on the foundations of biological evolution. Disciples of Evo- lutionary Algorithms are convinced of the performance of the biological optimization-method. Of this follows: What is Bionik? Science for the modeling and utilization of results of biological evolution The task of Bionik is the analysis of biological processes and struc- and their synthesis for the designs of tomorrow. The idea of Bionik is based on the fact of evo- lution and coevolution in nature. Technologies of life are optimized and in harmony with one another. It is a chance if imitating the biology to receive an efficient solution which fits at the same time in the environment. Because who speaks today about gentle technology does it mostly with a look to biology. tures Bionik: Building on Biological Evolution Ingo Rechenberg Technische Universität Berlin Bionik und Evolutionstechnik www.bionik.tu-berlin.de Prepared for GECCO 2004 Bionik Sandskink

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Page 1: Bionik - University College London

Bionik rests on the foundations of

biological evolution. Disciples of Evo-

lutionary Algorithms are convinced

of the performance of the biological

optimization-method. Of this follows:

What is Bionik?

Science for the modeling and utilizationof results of biological evolution

The task of Bionik is the analysis

of biological processes and struc-

and their synthesis for the

designs of tomorrow. The idea of

Bionik is based on the fact of evo-

lution and coevolution in nature. Technologies

of life are optimized and in harmony with one

another. It is a chance if imitating the biology to

receive an efficient solution which fits at the

same time in the environment. Because who

speaks today about gentle technology does it

mostly with a look to biology.

tures

Bionik: Building on Biological Evolution

Ingo Rechenberg

Technische Universität Berlin

Bionik und Evolutionstechnik

www.bionik.tu-berlin.de

Prepared for GECCO 2004

Bionik

Sandskink

Page 2: Bionik - University College London

Lasso spider waiting for a chance

Wondrous Technologies in Nature

Angler-fish with an illuminated lure

Bombardier beetle in shooting position The archer-fish aims at an insect

Ant-lion lurking in the pitfall Scarab rolling the gathered food away

Page 3: Bionik - University College London

Biological model simply to be mimicked

Leonardo da Vinci

Part of the outline for a flying machine

Before the examining board

The Avion III makes only small jumps

The seed of Macrozanonia macrocarpa as a model for the tailless airplane of Igo Etrich

The bat

Otto Lilienthal on August 16th, 1894

The glider mimics a bird with spread wing tips

Flight historyand Bionik

Page 4: Bionik - University College London

Spindle body !Wing in front !Elevator behind !

Solution of the biological evolution and the

engineering solution after 100 years development

DO 328

Tern

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

ca

Liftcoeffic

ient

Angle of incidence

1000

20 30 40o o o o o

Wing with artificialcovering feathers

Standard wing

Re =130 000Reflux-Bags

Bionik development in the past

Brown Skua: Aeroflexible covert feathersact as a non-return valve. The reverse flowopens - just before stall - the Reflux-Bags.

Bionik development today (covering-feather-effect)

Page 5: Bionik - University College London

� �

cL

cL

?

Minimum pressure

Research goal for aircraft safety

Flow separationand aircraft crash

Ideal airfoil forstall safety in flight

Movement of the separation pointto the region of minimum pressure

Braking the reverse flow throughtthe covert feathers

Covert feathers

Page 6: Bionik - University College London

aorta

arterial branches

10

1

0.1

0.01

10 10 10 100 3 96

D

z

mm

5%+-

arteriae

arterial branchlets

arterioles

Evolution and

mathematical3

0opt math /1 zDDi =optimization

D0 Di

30 /1 zDDi =

capillary tubes

Optimized biological solution: Proof 1

Page 7: Bionik - University College London

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Page 8: Bionik - University College London

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Page 9: Bionik - University College London

234567 1

Use

of

the

ev

olu

tion

ary

solu

tion

Bio

logica

lF

un

ction

Fb

stop

stop

yes

yes

yes

no

no

no

?sim

ilar

Qt

Qb

?sim

ilar

Ct

Cb

?sim

ilar

Ft

Fb

En

gin

eerin

gC

on

strain

tsC

t

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gin

eerin

gQ

ua

lityQ

t

En

gin

eerin

gF

un

ction

Ftb

Bio

logica

lC

on

strain

tsC

Seven

stepsto

desig

nB

ion

ikS

olu

tion

s

Bio

logica

lQ

ua

lityQ

b

=B

irdw

ingprofile

=R

oofingtiles

=P

oppycapsule

=S

altshaker

Fb

Ft

Eagle

Stork

NA

CA

66-

6152

=B

utterflyscales

stop

=A

irfoilsectionC

t bC

�C

tb

C Fb

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Qb

Qt

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C Fb

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Page 10: Bionik - University College London

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Page 11: Bionik - University College London

Drag coefficientLi

ftco

effic

ient

0.1 0.2 0.300

0.4

0.8

1.2

Aspect ratio =3.8

cDc

L

Spread wing versus normal wing(Diploma thesis Michael Stache 1992)

Drag coefficient

Lift

coef

ficie

nt

0.1 0.2 0.300

0.4

0.8

1.2

Aspect ratio /2=2.3

cD

cL

Spread wing versus normal wing(Diploma thesis Gerhard Peintinger 1984)

Half-wing experiment

Winglets at an airplane: Pre-stage of the spread primary feathers of the bird

Boeing C-17 A Globemaster III

Multiwinglets at a glider designedwith the Evolution Strategy

Page 12: Bionik - University College London

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Page 13: Bionik - University College London

vv

v v

1

2

�2

1 ��

��

��

���

���

��

2

2

1

22

11111

2 v

v

A

AvTP

��

Is from the energetic point of view:

“a” better than “b”“b” better than “a”“a” as good as “b”

A 64000-dollar question:

A sieve shall be driventhrough the air.

?

A

A

1

2

Sievea

b

The flying fish and

The propeller-sieve-model Sieve

vv

vv

a

b

P

P

1

2

1

1

21

���

��

a

b

v vv1

vv1

v2

v

the propeller sieve model

of Heinrich Hertel

Page 14: Bionik - University College London

Smooth surface:

The dirt particles

are predominantly

owerflowed by

the water-droplet.

Micro-burled

waxen surface:

The rolling droplet

washes the dirt

particles away.

Self-cleaning ability

Lotusflower

Microrelief of the leave

Bionik product

Development of the Lotus color

“Lotusan”

Mechanism of the Lotus-EffectR

Micro-burls

Optics of themoth eye

100

98

94

96

92

90

88

400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800200 2000

not antireflected

moth-eye structureantireflected by a

Tra

nsm

issi

onin

perc

ent

Wavelength in nanometer

The burls work as agentle amendment ofthe refractive index

Light-reflection is avoidedby a steadily increasingrefractive index

1050 ×1050 ×

4120 ×4120 ×

420 ×420 ×

130 ×130 ×

Biologically inspired micro-structures

Page 15: Bionik - University College London

Veil of air bubbles

Drag minimization in nature 1

Dolphin skin

Fish slime

Five cunning techniques which reducethe flow resistance in nature

Penguin form

Drag minimization in nature 2

Drag minimization in nature 5

Drag minimization

Drag minimization in nature 4

Shark scales

in nature 3

Page 16: Bionik - University College London

The streamlined body of fish, sharks, wales, dolphinsand penguins, which avoids vortex formation.

The threadlike molecules of the fish slime, whichsmooth small eddies in the turbulent boundary flow.

so that the transition to turbulence is delayed.The compliant dolphin skin, which absorbs oscillations

The longitudinal grooves in the shark skin, which slowdown the flicker of the flow in the laminar sublayer.

1.

2.

3.

4.

6.

Air bubbles, which leave the plumage of the penguinat high speeds and reduce the viscosity of the water.

5.

Scincus scincus

Cunning techniqueswhich reduce flowresistance of fastswimming animals

The sandfish of the Sahara may reduce the solid friction coefficient

Solid frictionSandskink(scincus scincus)

Page 17: Bionik - University College London

Skink

Steel

GlassNylon

Teflon

13 14 15 18 18 19 20 22 24 25 27 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 29 th August

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ERG CHEBBI: 11/08/2000 - 31/08/2000

Surface friction: SandskinkAn

gle

of

sli

din

gfr

icti

on

versus technical materials

20°22°

Sand stream measurements

Sand

Sand

stops

runs

Ingo Rechenberg andAbdullah Regaby El Khyari

Skink (2002)

Skink

Steel

15 16 18 20 20 21 21 21 21 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 30 30 th August

25

20

15

10

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ERG CHEBBI 4. - 31. 8. 2003

An

gle

of

slid

ing

fric

tio

n

Sand cylinder measurements

Page 18: Bionik - University College London

Sandfunnel

Sandblast

Objectplatform

Simple apparatus forthe abrasion tests

Sandtubule

Angularscale

Objectplatform

Hand lever

30 cm

Impact point of the sandblast

Impact time: 10 hours

Abrasive spot:

Steel

Glass

Simple apparatusfor the frictionmeasurements

Page 19: Bionik - University College London

Geckos get a grip using

van der Waals forces

The wonder of the dry adhesion

of the Gecko toes

500000 microhairs

2 kg( theoretically)

Ph

oto

:M

.M

off

et

Kellar Autumn, Ronald Fearing, Metin Siiti

Synthetic Gecko hairs promise walking up walls

(New Scientist 15. 05. 2003)

A future vision

Page 20: Bionik - University College London

Vegetative

cells

Heterocysts

Nosto

cm

uscoru

m

Hydrogen

generationin

nature

Heterocyst

VegetativeC

ell

Heliom

itesin

theS

ahara-

Futuristic

viewofa

100kW

solarhydrogen

farm

Bioreactor

design:A

lgaeand

purplebacteria

inthe

Sahara

Pro

ject:

tificialacteria-

lgae-

ymb

iosis

ArB

AS

Ar

BS

A

Pu

rple

bacteria

Alg

ae

So

larcell

Evap

oratio

nco

oler

Page 21: Bionik - University College London

Scale reduction of a growing gearwheel

Scalingsubstance

The “New Age” of manufacturing

Future ofBionik

1999

2099

Gentle manufacturingby growth

Manufacturing bymetal-cutting

From “macro”

to “nano”

Created molecule which reproduces itself

Two new fields of Bionics in the 21th century:

Replionics

Auxonics

Fill in morphofluid

Put in morpho-germ

Select product

Take out phenoduct

Instructions for the Morphojet 7

MorphJet 7

MorphJet 7

MorphJet 7

ReactionReaction

Principle outline afterJulius Rebek

Page 22: Bionik - University College London

Sw

arm

of

artific

iald

rag

on

flies

Transducer

Sensor

0.5 mm

Vector

ofsoundparticle

velocity

&O

scillator

Tufted

antenna

Eigenfrequency

Microsystem

“Johnston’sO

rgan”

Sound

particle

Artific

ialdra

gonfly

(MA

V)

Antenna

ofmale

midge

Fu

ture

of

Bio

nik

Page 23: Bionik - University College London

Cochloid cleaning the window

Artificial Ladybug -

Insectoid 2020

a study of miniatur robots

Future of

Bionik

Cogito e o sumrg

Artificial consciousness 2099