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Biomolecules
Do Now:
Make your week 1 observations of your Winogradsky columns. The back of the
procedure sheet is probably a wise place to do this.
Biomolecules • Biomolecules, aka macromolecules are the organic (carbon containing) chemicals living cells are made up of.
• Most macromolecules are polymers: long chains of repeating subunits.
• There are 4 main classes of macromolecules, which we will take a look at in a little more depth.
Nucleic Acids: Information Carriers
• Nucleic acids are chemicals that store genetic information.
• They are polymers made of many nucleotides.
• DNA and RNA are the most common examples
Nucleotides: Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
• Nucleotides are the monomers nucleic acids are made of
• DNA has 2 nucleotide chains, RNA has only 1 (single stranded)
A, T, G, C, U
Carbohydrates: Sugars and Fiber
• Carbohydrates come in many sizes and shapes.
• 2 main functions: store energy and form cell walls (plants and prokaryotes)
Simple vs. Complex Carbs
• Complex carbs (like starch) are polysaccharide molecules made up of many monosaccharide subunits.
• Simple carbs (sugars) are mono- or disaccharides made of few monosaccharide subunits
Proteins: Git ‘er Done• Proteins have a
HUGE number of functions in cells. They are the molecules responsible for carrying out the chemical reactions that make life possible
Amino Acids: Monomers of Protein• Polypeptide is
another word for protein.
• Peptide is another word for amino acid.
• Proteins are usually made of thousands of amino acids joined together in a specific order.
Lipids: Fats, oils, and waxes• Lipids are NOT
polymers made of monomers.
• Lipids are a large group of many different types of compounds.
• What they have in common is they are HYDROPHOBIC
• Hormones and steroids help regulate processes in animals.
• Can have powerful effects.
Lipid Functions