Abstract—Currently there are many security systems relying on tradition biometrics for the purpose of authorization of legal users into a system. However, traditional biometrics systems which commonly use behavioral biometrics have shown serious drawbacks, violating two of the main requirements of a reliable biometrics, namely permanence and circumvention. More specifically, the paper proposes a preliminary study related to the identification of individuals via frequency analysis of cardiac sounds and the vein pattern in the hands. The results, obtained using a database containing several heart sound recordings and vein patterns from different people, confirm the biometric properties of PCG signals and vein identification, which can thus be included among the physiological signs used by an automatic identification system.

I. INTRODUCTION

A S.Karthick,4th yearECE dept ,

Jaya Engineering college ,Thiruninravur ,Chennai.

Phonocardiogram or PCG is a plot of high fidelity recording of the sounds and murmurs made by the heart with the help of the machine called phonocardiograph, or "Recording of the sounds made by the heart during a cardiac cycle." The sounds are thought to result from vibrations created by closure of the heart valves. There are at least two: the first when the atrioventricular valves close at the beginning of systole and the second when the aortic valve closes at the end of systole. It allows the detection of subaudible sounds and murmurs, and makes a permanent record of these events. In contrast, the ordinary stethoscope cannot detect such sounds or murmurs, and provides no record of their occurrence. The ability to quantitate the sounds made by the heart provides information not readily available from more sophisticated tests, and provides vital information about the effects of certain cardiac drugs upon the heart. Vein matching, also called vascular technology,[1] is a technique of biometric identification through the analysis of the patterns of blood vessels visible from the surface of the skin.[2] Though used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Central Intelligence Agency,[3]

this method of identification is still in development and has not yet been universally adopted by crime labs as it is not considered as reliable as more established techniques, such as fingerprinting. However, it can be used in conjunction with existing forensic data in support of a conclusion. When both these systems are included in the locker system the safety or the authentication of the locker is high compared to the other biometric authentications like Iris scanning, finger print , face detections etc.

II.METHOD OF ANALYSIS

A. Phonocardiogram or PCG analysis:

The functional scheme of the biometric system proposed inhis paper is shown in Fig. 10. The PCG input signal is mainly characterized by the two loudest sounds that can be heard in any individual: the first and second sound, referred to as S1 and S2. S1 has a typical duration of about 150 ms and S2 usually lasts about 120 ms. The first is associated with the closure of the mitral tricuspid valve during isovolumetric contraction of the ventricles. The second is associated with the closure of the aortic pulmonary valve during isovolumetric relaxation, when the ventricles end ejection and start the diastole.

AlbertJeenraj,4th yr. ,ECE dept ,

Jaya Engineering college ,Thiruninravur ,Chennai.

BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION FOR LOCKERS USING VEINS AND HEART

SOUND SIGNALS

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Fig1:Phonocardiogram sample wave form

B. Vein Identification analysis:

A type of biometrics identification system that uses veins in a person's body to establish identity. Vein ID Systems use infrared light to scan the user's hand and look for a pattern of veins in order to make an identification match. The vein identification systems identify a certain person by acquiring the local infrared image of hand (dorsa, palm and finger) and extracting vein pattern. The vein identification systems are widely used in security and surveillance field, but most of them ignore the liveness detection requirement or only check the temperature to prevent spoofing. After studying the spoofing method for vein identification systems in the market, this paper presents a kind of liveness detection method based on an optical measurement for sequence infrared images. The vein images are related with vital signs such as oxygen saturation in human blood and heart rate. Two kinds of different algorithm are used for feature extraction, one for vital signs detection, the other for identification. The distinguish processor can integrate all kinds of information data to make an estimation. This method can prevent the identification spoofing and improve the security capability of vein identification system.

Fig 2:Vein identification system

C. Working principle:

The main principle of a PCG recording for the authentication process is shown below:

Fig 3:block diagram of PCG recorder

Here a condenser microphone is used to get the signals from the heart and these signals are amplified using a phonoamplifier then it is sent to the filter where the noise is removed and the output waveform is obtained in the monitor scope.

Fig 4: working methodology for getting the input vein from the finger

In this method when the finger is placed inside as the input where the infrared LED produce the light and these are recorded in the CMOS sensor or a camera where it is further converted to outline or regions of the veins inside the finger using image processing.

Condenser microphone

Phono amp.

Filter Monitor

scope

2

Fig 5:block diagram of the final authentication process

Here the both PCG and the veins are kept separately connected to 2 locks since even if vein id is obtained out of force.

Here for the PCG signals it is processed using the wavelet transform technique. The type of wavelet used here is the morlet wavelet. In case of authentication using veins first the picture taken from the CMOS camera is desaturated to a grayscale image and later it is processed by edge detection where the correct veins edges are obtained. After the edge detection the Morphological operations on binary images is done and these images are verified using the samples kept in database. Then by verifying both the results the PCG and the veins are taken into consideration and if both the results coincide with the correlated samples then the lockers are opened . Here the PCG signal might have an equal error rate of around 3% which is reduced from around 9% in the previous system of PCG analysis.

III. CONCLUSION

Thus the PCG and veins are identified and set up in the authentication process because duplicating both the things are difficult so the safety is high and here the equal error rate could be reduced in both the cases since we are going to take samples from only one person so here accuracy is high.

REFERENCES

[1]”USER IDENTIFICATION BASED ON FINGER VEIN PATTERNS FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONIC DEVICES” BY WANG, D.; LI, J.; MEMIK, G.; SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA, CHENGDU 610054, CHINA, AND DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

[2] “Biometric Identification Based on Frequency Analysis of Cardiac Sounds” by Francesco Beritelli, Member, IEEE, and Salvatore Serrano

Database

Database

Comparator

Comparator

Input finger for vein identification

Input PCG

Authentication

Locker

open

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