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BiomesUnit 1: Ecology
K. Stacker
SEV2: Students will demonstrate an understanding that the Earth is one interconnected system
SEV3: Students will describe stability and change in ecosystemsSEV5: Students will recognize that human beings are part of the global
ecosystem and will evaluate the effects of human activities
Element a: Investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes.
Essential Question (s): 1). How does climate and geographical location determine the
types of plants and animals that inhabit a biome?
BIOME NOTESWhat to Do!
When ever you see this symbol
Be prepared to write.
Copy Every Question & Answer
What is a biome?
• A biome is a group of ecosystems with the same climax communities
• Biomes located on land are called terrestrial biomes
• Biomes located in water are called aquatic biomes
WHAT ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUATIC BIOMES?
Lakes
OceansStreams and Rivers
Coral Reefs
Estuaries
Ponds
What are the Aquatic Biomes?Aquatic Biomes Examples
Saltwater
(Marine)
Oceans, Seas, Coral Reefs
Estuary Bays, Bayous, Harbors,Inlets
Freshwater Rivers, Ponds, Lakes, Wetlands (swamps & marshes
What animal life and plant life exist in the Aquatic Biomes?
Aquatic Biomes
Animal Life Plant Life
Saltwater
(Marine)
Sharks, Dolphins, Crabs
Corals, Seaweed, Algae
Estuary Otters, Birds, Reptiles
Trees, Algae, Seaweed
Freshwater Catfish, Shrimp, Amphibians
Pond Lilies,
What are the Aquatic Biomes?Aquatic Biomes
Examples Animal Life Plant Life
Saltwater
(Marine)
Oceans, Seas, Coral Reefs
Sharks, Dolphins, Crabs
Corals, Seaweed, Algae
Estuary Bays, Bayous, Harbors,Inlets
Otters, Birds, Reptiles
Trees, Algae, Seaweed
Freshwater Rivers, Ponds, Lakes, Wetlands (swamps & marshes
Catfish, Shrimp, Amphibians
Pond Lilies,
Oligotrophic lakes are nutrient poor (catfish, carp...)Eutrophic lake are nutrient rich (trout, bass...)
Aquatic Biomes
Saltwater Estuary Freshwater
What are the Terrestrial Biomes?
• Tundra
• Taiga aka Coniferous (Boreal) Forest
• Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Tropical Rain Forest (jungle)
• Grasslands
• Savanna (tropical grasslands)
• Deserts
What Determines Biological Communities (Ecosystems)?
Climate (Temperature & Moisture)Geography (Location)
Terrestrial Biomes
Seven major biomes cover most of The Earth’s land surface. BecauseMountainous areas do not belong to anyOne biome, they are given their own designation.
What to Do!When ever you see this symbol
Be prepared to complete a venn diagram for each terrestrial biome.
BIOME NAME
(PLANTS) (ANIMALS)
(TEMPERATURE) (RAINFALL)
What are the characteristics of the
TUNDRA? Alpine
Artic
Tundra• Cold (-20 F to -93 F) & dark
most of the year • Includes the arctic • Permafrost (ice) is the top
layer of soil (usually 3-5 ft deep) that thaws to allow for plant growth
• No trees, but sedges & grass, mosses, & lichens
• Many migratory animals (Foxes, Owls, Caribou)
• Lemmings are year round residents
• Approximately 20 cm annual rainfall
What are the characteristics of FOREST?
Boreal
Temperate Tropical
Taiga• Coniferous forest • Extends across northern
Eurasia & North America • Contains conifers or
evergreens (spruce, cedar, fir, pine ...)
• Needle like leaves withstand weight of snow
• Bear, deer, moose, wolves, mountain lions ...
• Sequoia or redwood (largest conifer) grows here
• Bristle cone pine oldest living conifer found here
NOTE: Climate & Precipitation is on the next slide
Taiga cont’d
• Winter's LOWEST temperature in taiga is -65°F.Winter's HIGHEST temperature is 30° F.Summer's LOWEST temperature is 30° F.Summer's HIGHEST temperature is 70° F.
• The temperature range, as you can see, is -65° F to 70°F (-54 to 21° C).
• The taiga climate has an average annual rainfall of 12 - 33 inches (30 - 84 cm). Most of it falls in the summer as rain.
Temperate (Deciduous) Forest• South of taiga in North
America, eastern Asia, & Europe
• High annual rainfall (75-150 cm)
• Moderate temperatures with well-defined seasons of about equal length
• Trees loose leaves in winter (deciduous trees: broad-leaved, hard wood trees)
• Songbirds, deer, rabbits, foxes, squirrels, frogs & toads, lizards ...
Tropical Rain Forest• Near equator • Warm climate (20 -25 degrees C) • Plentiful rainfall (190 cm/year) • Contains the greatest diversity of
plants & animals • Insects, monkeys & apes, snakes,
tropical birds, leopards... • Animals & plants brightly colored • Poor soil for agriculture• Jungle with (plant layers):
1. Canopy - broad leaf deciduous trees forming uppermost layer 2. Under story - shrubs 3. Forest Floor - herbaceous plants
Temperate: Prairies and Steppes
Tropical: Savanna
What are the characteristics of GRASSLANDS?
Grasslands• Mostly grasses with a few
trees due to less rainfall • Moderate climates • Summer temperatures can be
well over 38° C (100 degrees Fahrenheit), while winter temperatures can be as low as -40° C (-54 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Rainfall = 50.8 to 88.9 cm (20-35 inches)
• Good for agricultural crops • Grazing & burrowing animals
dominate • Also called prairies
Savanna
• Tropical grasslands • Warm climate & rainy
season • Rainfall = 50.8 to 127
cm (20-50 inches) per year.
• Antelope, zebra, lions, wildebeests, hyenas, elephants...
• Suffer from floods & drought
What are the characteristics of
DESERTS?Hot Semi-Arid
Cold
Coastal
Deserts• Low annual rainfall (1.5 cm) • Subject to strong winds • Days usually hot 43.5-49° C
& nights cold -18° C. • Sahara desert is without
vegetation • Succulents such as cacti &
other water storing plants • Most animals nocturnal • Lizards, snakes,
roadrunners, insects, tarantula, hawks, rodents, coyotes...
STOP
Ocean Zones• Intertidal zone
1. Along shoreline2. Wave action3. Lots of light so many producers4. Starfish, sand dollars...
• Neritic Zone1. Ocean water above continental shelf2. Coral reef found here3. Surrounds continents & receives light in upper layers
• Bathyal
• Abyssal
Ocean Zones
• Oceanic Zone
1. Beyond continental shelf2. Deepest area (up to 7
miles)3. 3. Bottom doesn't
receive light so animals adapted to darkness (many produce their own light, feed on other animals...)
4. Deepest area called abyss
5. Upper area gets light & called the photic zone (lots of seaweed here)
6. Floaters called plankton (microscopic organisms)
7. Swimmers such as fish called nekton
8. Bottom dwellers called benthos
What is a biome?
• A biome is a _________________with the _________climax communities
• Biomes located ___________are called _____________biomes
• Biomes located _________are called __________ biomes
What are the Aquatic Biomes?Aquatic Biomes Examples
(Marine)
Oceans, Seas, Coral Reefs
Bays, Bayous, Harbors,Inlets
Rivers, Ponds, Lakes, Wetlands (swamps & marshes
What animal life and plant life exist in the Aquatic Biomes?
Aquatic Biomes
Animal Life Plant Life
Saltwater
(Marine)
Estuary
Freshwater
What are the Terrestrial Biomes?
• _______________
• __________ aka Coniferous (Boreal) Forest
• _______________ Deciduous Forest
• ____________________________(jungle)
• ____________________________
• _________________ (tropical grasslands)
• _________________
________________________
(PLANTS) (ANIMALS)
(TEMPERATURE) (RAINFALL)
FLORA FAUNA
CLIMATE PRECIPITATION
BIOMES OF THE WORLD
________________________
(PLANTS) (ANIMALS)
(TEMPERATURE) (RAINFALL)
FLORA FAUNA
CLIMATE PRECIPITATION
BIOMES OF THE WORLD