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BIOMES
• Biome – physical environment that has characteristic plants & animals.
• Example: Lizards + Cactus = Desert.
Major Biomes
• Tropical Rain Forest• Tropical Dry Forest• Tropical Savanna• Desert• Temperate Grassland• Temperate Woodland
& Shrupland
• Temperate Forest• Northwestern
Coniferous Forest• Boreal Forest• Tundra
Each biome is defined by a unique set of abiotic features, particularly climate, and has a characteristic ecological community.
Tropical Savanna
• Abiotic – Warm temperatures
– Seasonal rainfall
– Compact soil
– Frequent fires due to lightening
Tropical Savanna, cont.
• Plants– Tall, perennial grasses– Drought tolerant and fire resistant trees &
shrubs
Tropical Savanna, cont.
• Animals– Predators: lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas,
jackals, aardvarks– Herbivores: elephants, giraffes, antelope,
zebras, baboons– Birds: eagles, ostriches, storks– Reptiles: none– Insects: termites
Desert
• Abiotic– Low precipitation– Variable temperatures– Soils rich in minerals but poor in organic
material
Desert, cont.
• Animals– Predators: mountain lions, gray foxes,
bobcats– Herbivores: mule deer, pronghorn antelope,
bighorn sheep, kangaroo rats, bats– Birds: owls, hawks, roadrunners– Reptiles: tortoises, rattlesnakes, lizards– Insects: ants, beetles, butterflies, flies, wasps
Temperate Grassland
• Abiotic– Warm to hot summers– Cold winters– Moderate seasonal precipitation– Fertile soil– Occasional fires
Temperate Grassland, cont.
• Animals– Predators: coyotes, badgers– Herbivores: mule deer, pronghorn antelope,
rabbits, prairie dogs; formerly had bison– Birds: owls, hawks, bobwhite, prairie chickens– Reptiles: snakes– Insects: grasshoppers, ants
Temperate Grassland, cont.
• Location– South Asia– North America– Australia– Central Europe– South America
Tropical Rain Forest, cont.
• Plants– Broad-leaf evergreen – Ferns– Large woody vines– Orchids– Bromeliads
Tropical Rain Forest, cont.
• Animals– Predators: jaguars, anteaters, monkeys– Herbivores: sloth, tapirs– Birds: toucans, parrots, parakeets– Reptiles: Caymans, boa constrictors,
anaconda– Insects: butterflies, ants, beetles– Fish: piranhas
Tropical Rain Forest, cont.
• Location– South and Central America– Southeast Asia– Parts of Africa– Southern India– Northeast Australia
Savanna
• Abiotic– Generally warm year round– Alternating wet-dry seasons– Rich soils, easily eroded
Savanna, cont.• Animals
– Predators: tigers, monkeys– Herbivores: elephants, Indian rhinocerous,
hog deer– Birds: pelican, great pied hornbill, pied harrier– Reptiles: snakes, lizards– Insects: termites
Savanna, cont.
• Location– Parts of Africa– Southern & Central America– Mexico– India– Australia– Tropical Islands
Temperate Forest
• Abiotic– Cold to moderate winters– Warm summers– Year round precipitation– Fertile soils
Temperate Forest, cont.
• Plants– Broadleaf deciduous trees– Conifers– Flowering shrubs– Herbs– Ground layer of mosses and ferns
Temperate Forest, cont.
• Animals– Predators: black bear, bobcats– Herbivores: deer, squirrels, raccoons, skunks– Birds: songbirds, turkeys– Reptiles:– Insects: beetles
Temperate Forest, cont.
• Location– Eastern United States– Southeast Canada– Europe– Japan– China– Australia
Tundra
• Abiotic– Strong winds– Low precipitation– Short summers– Cold, dark winters– Poorly developed soils– Permafrost
Tundra, cont.
• Animals– Migratory waterfowl– Shore birds– Musk ox– Arctic foxes– Caribou– Small rodents