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BIOMEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY:RASHMI VAISH , MBA-HAHC (II Tri)
DIBYA DWIVEDI , MBA-FM (II Tri)
Let the waste of the “sick” not contaminate the lives of “The Healthy”
CONTENT• Definition• Categories of Biomedical Waste• Problem associated with Biomedical waste• Need for Biomedical Waste Management• Step to manage hazardous waste• Treatment techniques• Biomedical waste management in India• Environmental legislation• Conclusion• Summary
Biomedical Waste (BMW) is…
• Solid waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)
• WHO estimates
– 85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous– 10% is infectious– 5% is non-infectious but consists of hazardous
chemicals like methylchloride and formaldehyde.
TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2 Animal Waste
Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps
Category No. 5Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste
Category No. 7 Solid Waste
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash
Category No.10 Chemical Waste
Waste Sharps eg: Needles
Human anatomical waste
Discarded medicines
Solid waste eg: cotton swabs
Pharmaceutical Waste
PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMWORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM
VIRUSES HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A,C, Arboviruses, Enteroviruses
AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis,Infectious Hepatitis,Dengue, Japaneseencephalitis, tick-bornefevers, etc.
Infected needles, bodyFluids, Human excreta, soiled linen, Blood, body fluids.
BACTERIASalmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium Tetani, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus
Typhoid, Cholera, TetanusWound infections,septicemia, rheumaticfever, endocarditis, skinand soft tissue infections
Human excreta andbody fluid in landfills andhospital wards, Sharps such as needles, surgical blades in hospital waste.
PARASITESWucheraria Bancrofti, Plasmodium
Cutaneous leishmaniasis,Kala Azar, Malaria
Human excreta, blood andbody fluids in poorlymanaged sewage system ofhospitals.
NEED FOR BMW MANAGMENTNosocomial infections in patients from poor
infection control practices and poor waste management.
Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.
Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash.
Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers, other peoples.
TECHNIQUESSEGREGATION :- to segregate the wastes.
Colour Coding Type of Container
Yellow Plastic Bag
Red Disinfected container/Plastic bag
Blue/White Translucent
Plastic Bag / punch proof containers
Black Plastic Bag
TRANSPORTATION
• Transportation of BMW can be divided into internal and external transportation.
• INTERNAL: it is for yellow ,red ,blue and white bags.
• EXTERNAL: it is for the general waste collected in the black coloured plastic bags.
TREATMENT AND DISPOSALPROCEDURES MAIN FUNCTION
Incineration burn trash and other types of waste until it is reduced to ash.
Autoclaving and Shredding It uses a combination of heat, steam and pressure.
Chemical treatment Using sodium hypochlorite solution, bleaching powder, savlon and then discharged into drains/sewers
Irradiation technique Involve the expose to UV radiation and ionizing radiation
Bio medical waste management in India
Biomedical waste (management and handling) rule 1998, prescribed by The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt of India, came into force on 20th July 1998. This rule applies to those who generate, collect, receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio medical waste in any manner.Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into containers/bags at the point of generation of waste. Thus Colour Coding & type of containers used for disposal of waste is came into existence which is shown as follows. 12
13
Environmental Legislation Environmental Legislation
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1998Rules, 1998 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 2000Rules, 2000 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1989Rules, 1989 The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
19811981
CONCLUSION• Safe and effective management of waste is not only
a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.
• Proper collection and segregation of biomedical waste.
• Try to reduce the waste generation.
• Individual awareness and participation.
• Use recycle products.• Label with agent, concentration and
hazard warnings.• Communicate about workplace hazards.