Bio-medical Waste Management

“Clean Up and Flourish or Pile Up and Perish”

 

“ Means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis treatment or immunization of human being or animals or in research activities and is governed by the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.”

What is Bio Medical Waste?

Legislation

Biomedical Waste Management & Handling Rule, 1998

• Came in to force on 28th July,1998• Prescribed by Ministry of Environment &

Forests, under the Environment Protection Act of India.

• This rule applies to those who generate, collect, receive, store, dispose, handle BMW in any manner

Salient Points Of BMW Rules• Hospital to set treatment and disposal facility• Segregation, packaging, transportation, storage• Authorization• Annual report• Maintenance of records• Accident reporting

Classification The World Health Organisation (WHO) has classified medical wastes according to their weight, density and constituents into different categories. These are:

Why is it essential to have safe & reliable treatment of “ bio-medical

waste” Health hazards- spread of infections Occupational Hazards Hazards to general public BMW can cause hazards to animals and birds too Plastic waste can choke animals, which scavenge on open dumps. Risk associated with hazardous drugs, chemicals

Animal WasteBleeding parts,

carcasses

Cytotoxic WasteDrugs, discarded

medicines

Solid WastePlaster casts,

catheter, bedding

Chemical WasteLab Reagents, Disinfectants

Pathological WasteBody parts, blood

Waste SharpsNeedles, infusion sets,

scalpels, knives

Infectious Waste Lab cultures, tissues, waste from isolation

wards

TYPES OF

BIOMEDICAL WASTE

COLOR CODING TYPE OF CONTAINER WASTE CATEGORY TREATMENT OPTIONS

Yellow Plastic bag Cat 1, 2, 3, 6 Incineration/ deep burial

Red Disinfected container/ plastic bag

Cat 3, 6, 7 Autoclaving/ microwaving/ chemical treatment

Blue/ white translucent

Plastic bag/ puncture proof container

Cat 4, 7 Autoclaving/ microwaving/ chemical treatment/ destruction/ shredding

Black Plastic bag Cat 5, 9 and 10 ( solid) Disposal in secured landfill

COLOR CODING & TYPE OF CONTAINERS USED FOR DISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

Proper Labeling Of Bins The biohazard symbol indicates the nature of

waste to the patients and public.

Points to remember

Chemical treatment is done by using at least 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and disinfection must be ensured.

Mutilation/ shredding should be such so as to prevent unauthorized reuse.

No chemical pre-treatment before incineration

No chlorinated plastics to be incinerated. Deep burial only in areas with less than 5L

people

DISCARDRED DRUGS

LIQUID WASTE

COTTON WOOL WASTE

USED SYRINGES

BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Waste Collection Various sources of BMW collection OperationTheatre, laboratory, ward kitchen, corridor etc.

Bins should be placed in such a way that 100 % collection is achieved.

Sharps must always be kept in puncture-proof containers to avoid injuries and infection to the workers handling them.

Waste storage

Waste Transportation

BMW transported in trolleys

Manual loading should be avoided as far

as for as possible.

The bags / Container should be tied/

lidded before transportation.

Before transporting the bag containing

BMWs, it should be accompanied with a

signed document by Nurse/ Doctor

mentioning date, shift, quantity and

destination.

Waste Treatment

Incinerator Chemical Autoclave

Technology options for “ treatment”

FLOW CHART

IRONY

Only 5- 10% of healthcare

institutions in the country have

implemented the rules.

New technology must catch up with

the needs

Negligence

Hospital allots meagre resources

Lack of training to class IV

employees.

FEW FACTS Waste generated per bed per day

solid waste = 1kg to 3 kgliquid waste = 200 – 300 liters

Dept wise break up Waste breakup

Role Of Administrator He/she has to address the issues of BMW

management from the point of view of :– Technological feasibility– Operational practibilty– Economic adaptability– As BMW has no revenue value– Develop BMW policy

References 1. Principles of hospital administration and planning

by BM Sakharkar

2. http://www.expresshealthcaremgmt.com

3. “Manual on hospital waste management”, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, 2000.

Thank You Questions, Comments And Suggestions Are Welcome!!!

Presented By- Neha BhilarePresented By- Neha Bhilare.