Biomass micro scale CHP - Bioenergy 2020 · Biomass micro scale CHP State of the art and recent R&D activities Walter Haslinger, Günther Friedl. Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona

Biomass micro scale CHP

State of the art and recent R&D activities

Walter Haslinger, Günther Friedl

Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona

2nd International Pellet Forum

Slide 2

Structure

State of the art and state of development in biomass micro scaleCHP

Recent R&D activities

Examples:Performance of pellets fired swinging piston CHPIntegration of thermoelectric generators into biomass boilers



Slide 3

Micro scale CHPFocus: smallest power

Characteristics:

■ Combined heat and electricity production

■ High total efficiency

■ Compact design

■ Ready for installation or turn-key

■ Close to mass or mass product

Fuel Air

Electricity Heat

Source: Button Energy



Slide 4

Development of modern (small scale) biomass combustion systems

~1980: Type testing of small scale biomass boilers initiiatesincrease in efficiency and reduction of emissions

1980ies: Automatic wood chip boilers

After 1996: Automatic pellets boilers

2000s: Emission reduction (above all PM10)

2010s: Increase of annual efficiencies

2020ies: Biomass micro CHP



Slide 5

State of developmentCompany information

Combustion engine Stirling engine Micro gas turbine

Fuel cell Steam cycle ORC process

ηel= 0,30

ηth= 0,61

Θ= 0,44

ηel= 0,15

ηth=0,76

Θ= 0,17

ηel= 0,25

ηth=0,58

Θ= 0,41

ηel=0,32

ηth=0,56

Θ= 0,59

ηel=0,16

ηth=0,75

Θ= 0,19

ηel=0,06

ηth=0,84

Θ= 0,08

Θ= Pel/Qth Stromkennzahl

on market

> 1 kWel

on market

> 28 kWel

on market

3 kWel

Demo to batch

Demo Demo

Sources: Company infos



Slide 6

Biomass micro CHP

For solid biomass micro CHP with external combustion

■ Steam engine

■ ORC

■ Stirling

■ Thermoelectric generators

Liquid biofuels for

(Diesel-) engines

(Virtual) biogas for

Gas Otto engines

Micro gas turbines

■ Fuel cells

R&D demandfor technology development



Slide 77

Arguments for micro CHP

Decentralized production for decentralized utilization

Production of electricity during periods of high heat demand and low offerof other renewables:

■ During winter■ Whilst twilight■ During times without sun and wind

Mass production reduces production costs

Integration into existing infrastructure

■ Closed heating room (cellar) or living room■ Pellets or log wood boiler

Increase of efficiency of the energy system



Slide 8

TECHNOLOGY INDEPENDENT

• Derivation of the state of the art of micro CHP systemsin the frame of the development of a model for thefuture utilization of micro CHP systems

• Development of a standardized methode for the assessment of efficiency and dynamic behaviour of micro CHPs

• Monitoring of fieldtest installations

Recent R&D activitiesBIOENERGY 2020+C



Slide 9

TECHNOLOGY SPECIFIC

• Swinging piston technology:− Monitoring of a pellets fired micro CHP

• Thermoelectric electricity production:− Integration of thermoelectric generators into small scale biomass (pellets)

combustion systems

• Stirling engine: − Heat transfer from biomass combustion to nitrogen cycle of Stirling

process− Integration of a 4 cylinder Stirling engine into a biomass CHP

• Plant oil CHP unit: − Assessment of the state of development of a novel working machine

Recent R&D activitiesReferences of BIOENERGY 2020+



Slide 10

Swinging piston – pellets fired micro scale CHP

72,5 %

2,1 % 7,9 %

7,2 % 1,7 %

TK-VL°C

TK-RL°C

m(t)Kml/h

TH-VL°C

TH-VL°C

m(t)Hl/h

Pellets

Waage

m(t)BSkg

COppm

02

%NOx

ppm

TAG°C

PN

kW

PW

kW

TP2

°C

TP3

°C

TP5

°C

TP6

°C

TP7

°C

Wechselrichter

97,9 %

6,8 %3,9 %

Q(t)BS + WH = Q(t)H + WW + Q(t)V-AG + Q(t)V-Bison + Q(t)V-Zirk + Q(t)V-Puffer + ΔQ(t)Puffer

ΔQ(t)Puffer = 0

81,4 %



Slide 11

Historical applications of thermogenerators

1879

1925

1951



Slide 12

Thermoelectricmodule

Thermogenerator

Pellets boiler with thermogeneratorPrototype

Modulgröße: 8 x 8 cm

Fuel heat output: 10 kWNominal electric power: 200 - 400 W

Micro CHP prototype



Slide 13

Principle of thermoelectric electricityproduction

N-dotiert

P-dotiert

TH TK

Wärmezufuhr Strom I Wärmeabfuhr

Elektrische Nutzleistung

Heating circleCombustion air /exhausts

Thermogenerator



Slide 14

Integration of the thermogenerator1. Heat exchange

■ Share of heat flow passing the generator■ Constant and defined heat flow■ Constant and defined hot and cold side temperatures■ Even temperature distribution

2. Material durability

■ Temperature durability■ Corrosion

3. Operational reliability

■ Fouling■ Breakdown / malfunction of electricity generating technology

4. Costs



Slide 15

Share of heat flow passing generator

BK,WAQ&

TEG,WAQ&

TEGQ&

TH,TEGnachQ >&

TH,TEGnachQ <&

50,0%46,3% 52,6%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Auslegung Standardaufbau Verringerung

Ant

eile

der

Wär

mes

tröm

e

10,0 kW 10,0 % O2

10,1 kW 10,3 % O2

10,1 kW 10,5 % O2



Slide 16

Uniformity of temperature distribution

Modul 1

Modul 3

Modul 4 Modul 5

Modul 6

Modul 7

Modul 8

Modul 2

300 mV

600 mV

900 mV

300 mV

600 mV

900 mV

Obere Modulreihe

Untere Modulreihe

R&D results:

Temperature level on hot side250 °C ΔT < 10 K

Temperature level on hot side400°C ΔT < 15 K

in both cases no fouling / depostionproblems observed



Slide 17

Testing results of generator efficiency

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

0 50 100 150 200

Temperaturdifferenz TH-TK in K

Gen

erat

orw

irkun

gsgr

ad η

TEG in

%



Slide 18Günther FriedlHighlights der Bioenergieforschung, BMVIT, 12. November 2009

18

Picture Picture fromfrom 19541954 PopularPopular MechanicsMechanicsMagazineMagazine

Scientists from the RAND Scientists from the RAND corporation have created this corporation have created this

model to illustrate how a model to illustrate how a „„home home computercomputer““ could look like in the could look like in the

year 2004. However the needed year 2004. However the needed technology will not be economically technology will not be economically feasible for the average home. Also feasible for the average home. Also the scientists readily admit that the the scientists readily admit that the

computer will require not jet computer will require not jet invented technology to actually invented technology to actually

work,work, but 50 years from now but 50 years from now scientific progress is expected to scientific progress is expected to

solve these problems.solve these problems. With teletype With teletype interface and the FORTRAN interface and the FORTRAN

language, the computer will be language, the computer will be easily to use.easily to use.



Slide 19

Contact■ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

■ The results of the presented R&D projects have been derived in the frame of the Kplus-rogram and have been financially supported by the Federal Ministryof Innovation, the provinces of Styria and Lower Austria and the City of Graz.

■ We would further like to thank our company partners

■■ HET, KWB, RIKA, SchrHET, KWB, RIKA, Schröödl, SHT, dl, SHT, ViessmannViessmann, and Button , and Button EnergyEnergy

■ the scientific partners Vienna University of Technology and HBLFA Francisco Josephinum and the partners

■■ TEC COM and DLRTEC COM and DLR.

CONTACTDI Dr. Günther FriedlSenior Researcher

Tel ++ 43 (0)7416 52238-22Fax ++ 43 (0)7416 52238-99Mobil ++ 43 (0)664 [email protected]

BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbHLocation WieselburgGewerbepark Haag 3A 3250 Wieselburg-Land www.bioenergy2020.eu

TEC COM

Thank you for your attention!Mille grazie per la sua attenzione!

Walter HaslingerArea Manager

Small-scale combustion systemsBIOENERGY 2020+Location Wieselburg

Tel: +43 7416 52238 [email protected]

Documents

Biomass micro scale CHP - Bioenergy 2020 · Biomass micro scale CHP State of the art and recent R&D activities Walter Haslinger, Günther Friedl. Progetto Fuoco, Feb 26, 2010. Verona