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Biomass gasification for power production
Alex Chou
5 Sept. 2014
• Review of previously covered biomass topics
• Gasification principles
• Ankur - systems, quote, and implementations
• 100% producers gas sites
• Salient points:• Not perfect but working technology in mixed fuel and 100%
producers gas sites
• Simple, compared to steam boiler
• Husk fuel, up to 700KW gross and multiple of sizes
• USD1-2mil per 1MW for 100% producers gas set up, capex only, with variance largely pending gas engine and system complexity
• Should have 1 single turn-key contractor!
Review
• Per “Biomass fuel with focus on pellets”, presented Feb 2014, www.leotiger.com/temp/Biomass_fuel_with_focus_on_pellets.pdf
Moistu
re kWh / kg
kcal /
kg
Weight kg /
m3
kg = 1liter
fuel
Bark fir 50% 2,14 1,84 280 4,65
Briquettes 20% 4,9 4,214 660 2,03
Forest wood chip dry 40% 2,89 2,511 240 3,44
Forest wood chip fresh 55% 2 1,72 310 4,98
Miscanthus 10% 4,4 3,78 140 2,26
Rapeseed 9% 6,83 5,87 700 1,46
Sawdust 6% 4,2 3,629 160 2,36
Stover rapeseed 15% 4,17 3,58 115 2,43
Sunflower 9% 5,56 4,78 600 1,79
Wheat 15% 4,17 3,58 700 2,4
Wheat Straw 15% 4 3,44 100 2,49
Wood chip 20% 4,22 3,629 175 2,36
Wood granulate 8% 4,44 3,81 600 2,24
Woodlogs ash 45% 2,61 2,245 650 3,81
Woodlogs ash dry 20% 4,08 3,509 400 2,44
Coal 10% 7 6,02 750 1,36
Fuel gasoil 11,8 11,2 840 0,84
Natural gas 10,83 9,314 0 0
Gasification principles - 1
• Gasification is a more than century old technology, which flourished before and during the Second World War. The technology disappeared soon after liquid fuel (petroleum based) became easily available.
• Gasification is primarily a thermo-chemical conversion of organic materials at elevated temperature with partial oxidation. The energy in biomass or any other organic matter is converted to combustible gases (mixture of CO, CH4 and H2), with char, water, and condensable as minor products.
• in the first step called pyrolysis, the organic matter is decomposed by heat into gaseous and liquid volatile materials and char (which is mainly a nonvolatile material, containing high carbon content). In the second step, the hot char reacts with the gases (mainly CO2 and H2O), leading to product gases namely, CO, H2 and CH4. The producer gas leaves the reactor with pollutants and therefore, requires cleaning to satisfy requirements for engines. Mixed with air, the cleaned producer gas can be used in gas turbines (in large scale plants), gas engines, gasoline or diesel engines.
• Depending on the carbon and hydrogen content of the biomass and the properties of the gasifier, the heating value of the producer gas, ranges between 4 to 20 MJ/m3. The heating value also depends on the type of gasifier agent or the oxidant. The oxidant used can be air, pure oxygen, steam or a mixture of these gases.
“Report on The Status of Biomass Gasification in Thailand and Cambodia” by P. Abul Salam, S. Kumar and Manjula Siriwardhana
Gasification principles - 2“Report on The Status of Biomass Gasification in Thailand and Cambodia” by P. Abul Salam, S. Kumar and Manjula Siriwardhana
Gasification principles - 3“Report on The Status of Biomass Gasification in Thailand and Cambodia” by P. Abul Salam, S. Kumar and Manjula Siriwardhana
Fixed bed gasifiers are typically simpler, less expensive, and produce lower heat content - producer gas. Fluidized bed gasifiers are more complicated, more expensive, and produce a gas with a higher heating value.
Gasification principles - 4“Report on The Status of Biomass Gasification in Thailand and Cambodia” by P. Abul Salam, S. Kumar and Manjula Siriwardhana
Gasification principles - 5“Report on The Status of Biomass Gasification in Thailand and Cambodia” by P. Abul Salam, S. Kumar and Manjula Siriwardhana
Gasification principles - 6“Report on The Status of Biomass Gasification in Thailand and Cambodia” by P. Abul Salam, S. Kumar and Manjula Siriwardhana
Gasification principles - 9“Report on The Status of Biomass Gasification in Thailand and Cambodia” by P. Abul Salam, S. Kumar and Manjula Siriwardhana
Gasification principles - 10“Report on The Status of Biomass Gasification in Thailand and Cambodia” by P. Abul Salam, S. Kumar and Manjula Siriwardhana
Gasification principles - 11“Report on The Status of Biomass Gasification in Thailand and Cambodia” by P. Abul Salam, S. Kumar and Manjula Siriwardhana
Ankur - 1
• Starting April 2011, I contacted SME Renewables’ Tony Knowles and visited numerous Ankur dual fuel installations in Cambodia, sometime with K’Kraisak and Wirat, then subsequently brought the Sripraserts, K’Andrew, and Angi
• In September 2011, after a friend’s wedding in central India, I took an overnight train to visit Ankur’s HQ and factory in Gujarat
Ankur - 2
Ankur - 3 (by RenewablesPlus)“Report on The Status of Biomass Gasification in Thailand and Cambodia” by P. Abul Salam, S. Kumar and Manjula Siriwardhana
Ankur - 4 (by RenewablesPlus)
Ankur - 5 (by RenewablesPlus)
Ankur – 7 (by RenewablesPlus)K’Andrew and I had several meetings with RP regarding these figures)
Ankur – 10
Total R32,598,500 and 21,530,000, respectivelyAt 2012 FX, USD1:R50, $651,970 and $430,600 for 500KW gross
100% producers gas sites - Nongbua
• “800kW gross 750kW net electrical output”, THB58mil engineering and capital equipment investment, partly designed and partly implemented by RenewablesPlus using Ankur
• I, Sean, K’Andrew, Kraisak visited 13 July, 2012 (RLG management and Wirat were invited but didn’t go)
• I met owner Apirat through Sasin Sustainability tour of Ampol Foods February 2014 and subsequently he invited our team to visit his plant
• They still struggle to run over 500KW net output consistently and stop every other week; Wet wood chips and inefficient dryers are parts of the problem but there are certainly other issues
• Now early September 2014, they are installing new producers gas coolers to get more “fuel” concentration
• Ankur at my questioning stated, “I have checked with my people and wish to inform that the gasifier system offered is WBG-850 which in general is suitable for generation of about 500-550 KW gross power and could achieve around 600 KW provided the moisture content is well below 20%, the CV of the biomass is consistently high, the engine efficiency is high and operating parameters are well within limit.“
100% producers gas sites - Soma
• 1.5MW gross 100% producers gas powerplant to be supervised by SME/Ankur and owned by leading Soma Group http://www.genewscenter.com/Press-Releases/GE-s-Waukesha-Gas-Engines-to-Power-Cambodia-Rice-Husk-Biomass-Energy-Project-39aa.aspx
• I volunteered to help Soma with engineering design and implementation, especially industrial scale husk and ash conveyance and storage, after obtaining RLG permission
• Original 2013 site Hakse Rice mill Kampong Cham 1 hour outside of PNH
• In 2014, relocated to Kompong Thom, just east of Siem Reap, to supply the historical high tourism city that requires >50MW
• Soma has a sweat-heart deal, starting ~$0.30/KWHr tarrif
• Construction behind schedule with best possible date Nov. 2014
100% producers gas sites - Soma
