Biomass based Decentralized Energy solutions2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/090212/ws/presentation/2.3_SunilDhingra_ppt.pdfBiomass based Decentralized Energy solutions Sunil Dhingra Biomass

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Biomass based Decentralized Energy

solutions

Sunil DhingraBiomass Energy Technology Applications, TERI

13 February 2009


Outline

• Energy scenario• Major energy challenges• Biomass Resource• Some TERI initiatives• Sum up


• Coal: – Major fuel (38%)

• 70% of electricity generation is coal based• Industrial fuel

• Biomass: – Primary fuel for cooking in rural hhs

• Oil and natural gas:– Mainly used as transport fuel

• Other uses: industry, irrigation pump-sets, cooking fuel (LPG & kerosene)

• 75% imports• Others

– Wind: > 10000 MW of installed capacity– Nuclear: Around 3000 MW

Energy Scenario in India: Energy Supply

Hydro2%

Nuclear1%

Oil23%

Natural Gas7%

Non-commercial (biomass)

29%Coal38%

Source: Planning Commission,2005


Energy Scenario in India: Low per capita energy consumption

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

USA

Chi

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Rus

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Indi

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Ger

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Can

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500.0

1000.0

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2000.0

2500.0

USA China RussianFederation

Japan India Germany Canada France UnitedKingdom

SouthKorea

Brazil

• Present per capita energy consumption very low

• Even with 8 % economic growth, per capita energy consumption would only be 1122 kgoe in 2030.

Source: Planning Commission,2005


Energy Challenges

• Increasing energy supply for sustained economic growth

• Energizing rural India • Energy security• Using energy efficiently• Ensuring long-term sustainability of

energy use


Biomass Energy : Current scenario

• Primary source of energy for 2.4 billion people

• 11% contribution in the global final energy consumption (2001)– Latin America – 18%– Asia – 25%– Africa – 49%


Bio resource base in India

• Coal Production – 407 million tons (2005-06)

• Biomass production – 840 million tons(Firewood 220 million tons)(Agro residues 620 million tons)

• Biomass at par with coal, but used inefficiently


Modern biomass• To reduce fossil fuel consumption• To increase end-use efficiency• To reduce greenhouse gas emissions

(Asian Brown Haze?)

Applications• At domestic level• At community level• For small & rural enterprises• For other applications


Energizing rural India

• 44.2 % of the households i.e. 84 million households do not have access to electricity (2000)

• 86% of the rural households depend on biomass (firewood, chips, dungcakes) for cooking energy

• Access to modern energy is critical for:– Income poverty reduction– Improvements in health, education,

etc


The Drivers

• Subsidy structure (Thermal & electrical)• Incentives under:

– VESP (Village Energy Security Program)

– RVE (Remote Village Electrification) – RGGVY (Rajiv Gandhi Grameen

Vidyutikaran Yojana)


Village Energy Security through Biomass

• Aims at meeting the total energy requirements of a village through modern biomass technologies such as biogas, biomass and biofuels based on locally available resources.

• Plantations of fast growing fuel wood and oil bearing trees

• Goes beyond rural electrification per se • Opportunities for employment and income

generation.• Environment-friendly and sustainable.


Biomass Conversion Technologies

• Modern biomass technologies can convert biomass to solid, liquid or gaseous fuels at improved efficiencies for thermal, mechanical or electrical energy production such as

Charcoal, briquettes Liquid fuels such as vegetable oils / bio-diesel from oilseeds, ethanol from crop residuesBiogas from anaerobic digestion of animal and other organic wastes / residuesProducer gas through biomass conversion in small gasifiers


Overview of Biomass Technology Research at TERI

• Power Gasifier – Rural electrification (10-40 kWe)– Captive generation (50-250 kWe)

• Thermal Gasifier / Stove– About 12 biomass gasifier based packages developed – Oil replacement market– Energy Efficiency improvement

• Bio-fuels– Technology development for ethanol production from

ligno-cellulose material– Production of fuel oil from Biomass through

Pyrolysis


Biomass gasifier based power plant


Highlights – Thermal GasifierApplication No. of gasifiers installed

Cardamom drying 185

Silk reeling 38

Textile Dyeing 27

Remelting furnaces 5

Institutional applications (Crematoria, cooking etc.)

25

CO2 production 3

Rubber drying 15

Magnesium Chloride 2

Food Processing 40

Others 15

Total 355Fossil Fuel displaced ~ 43,000 TOEEmission reduction 159,000 tonnes CO2


Gasifier applications in small industries


Biogas Production

• Biogas (gobar gas) has traditionally been produced from cow dung.

• Technologies being developed for using tree based organic substrates such as leaf litter, seed starch / cakes, vegetable waste, kitchen waste, etc.

• Single/biphasic processes give higher methane yield with lower retention period

• Biogas can be used for cooking, or to produce electricity in dual fuel or in 100% gas engine mode. Rich organic manure provides value addition


Gasifier StoveSmokeless and complete combustion.

• Higher efficiency• Easy to operate• Consumes very low power

• Family stove 2 to 4 Watt• Community 20 Watt•Economically viable•Can be manufactured locally•Ease in service and maintenance•Comfortable ash removal system•Provided with PV / power pack•Controlling the power to therequired level


Bio-fuel Production

• Biofuels comprise non-edible vegetable oils in their natural form called straight vegetable oils (SVO), methyl or ethyl esters known as treated vegetable oils, and esterifiedvegetable oils referred to as bio-diesel

• In remote areas esterificationmay have logistic limitations. Use of SVO in stationery diesel engines appears feasible subject to modified maintenance schedule and by heating the oil using engine exhaust heat


Highlights – Power Gasifier

Project Project commissio

ned

Total Cumulative hours logged

Number of families

connected

Average Load kWe

Village KaneiputOrissa

May 2004 3000 32 5-6

Village Deodhara, Orrissa

December 2004

1900 65 6-8

Village Jemara, Chattisgarh

February 2005

2500 92 8-9

Village BhaogarhRajasthan,

April 2006 1500 97 9-10

Village JambopaniMadhya Pradesh

August 2007

500 97 9-10

VillageDawania Madhya Pradesh

October 2007

250 122 9-10


Village Energy Security Project –Villl.Jambupani, MP


Gasifier system for rubber drying units

•Block rubber units use electricity or diesel for drying the rubber

•Gasifier system of 100 kg/h capacity intervention has been able to save conventional fuel (diesel) of the order of 30 l/h.

•Economic benefit: with an initial investment of Rs 10 lakhs, the industry has been able to saves Rs 4000 per day which translate into payback of just only 250 days.


Gasifier system for silk reeling oven

Benefits of gasifier system

• 57.3% wood saving• 3.6% renditta

improvement• Rs. 20/kg premium for

better quality• Annual monetary

benefits Rs.2,25,000• Payback 3 months• IRR 330%


Conclusions

• High potential for biomass based decentralized applications to meet global Climate change challenge

• Increased use of biomass energy are global & national priorities

• Growing experience of modern biomass technologies such as biomass gasification has potential to penetrate in two segments:

– Decentralized small scale biomass gasifier based power plant for rural areas

– Biomass gasifier based thermal applications in SMiEs (Small and Micro Enterprises)


Conclusions (contd.)

• Need for technology development and standardization

• Climate change instruments for small capacity projects (bundling/ programmatic)

• South-South cooperation and partnership • Knowledge sharing network


Thank you for your attentionContact me at:[email protected]

Documents

Biomass based Decentralized Energy solutions2050.nies.go.jp/sympo/090212/ws/presentation/2.3_SunilDhingra_ppt.pdfBiomass based Decentralized Energy solutions Sunil Dhingra Biomass