Biology Unit 3 Warm Ups

Mrs. Hilliard

Vocabulary Words for Quiz

1. Asexual Reproduction

2. Sexual Reproduction

3. Mitosis

4. Meiosis

5. Binary Fission

6. Chromosome

7. Sister Chromatids-2 identical copies of a chromatid that contains same genes and alleles (both strands of a chromosome)

8. Genetic Variation- the variety of genes within a species.

9. Clone

10. Homologous Pair (chromosome)

11. Gene

12. Trait

13. Transcription

14. Translation

15. Codon

16. mRNA (messenger RNA)

17. tRNA (transfer RNA)

Vocabulary Words for Quiz

1. Asexual Reproduction- Reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

2. Sexual Reproduction- Reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite.

3. Mitosis- A process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes.

4. Meiosis- A process of cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions, produces sex cells.

5. Binary Fission- A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into

two cells of the same size.

6. Chromosome- The structures found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that is made up of DNA and protein.

7. Sister Chromatids-2 identical copies of a chromatid that contains same genes and alleles (both strands of a chromosome)

8. Genetic Variation- the variety of genes within a species.

9. Clone- An organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to one from which it was derived.

10. Homologous Pair (chromosome)- Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, the same structure, and pair during meiosis.

11. Gene- A segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/or

a protein.

12. Trait- A genetically determined characteristic.

13. Transcription- The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template (DNA to RNA).

14. Translation-The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and uses codons in mRNA to specify the sequence of amino acids.

15. Codon- A 3 nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid of signifies a start or stop signal.

16. mRNA (messenger RNA)- A single stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein.

17. tRNA (transfer RNA)- An RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation.

Reproduction Warm Up

1. What are the stages of Meiosis?

2. What types of cells undergo Mitosis? Meiosis?

3. What types of organisms reproduce asexually?

4. What is an advantage of reproducing asexually? Sexually?

Reproduction Review

5. What are gametes? 6. Mitosis is what type of reproduction? 7. What type of reproduction produces gametes? 8. What type of reproduction produces offspring that are different

from parents? 9. What type of reproduction produces offspring that are identical to

the parents? 10. What type of reproduction occurs in your body cells? 11. In this type of reproduction, mutations leads to genetic variation. 12. How many parents are required for asexual reproduction? 13. This type of reproduction is fast, easy, and allows the population

to grow quickly. 14. In what type of reproduction do the parent cells donate half their

genetic information? 15. This type of reproduction increases the genetic variation in a

population.

Reproduction Warm Up

16.Where are genes located?

17.How many daughter cells are produced at the end of Mitosis? Meiosis?

18.How many chromosomes are found in the daughter cells at the end of Mitosis? Meiosis?

19.When does your body undergo asexual reproduction?

Reproduction

20.Transcribe the DNA sequence into mRNA.

ATC CGG CTT GTA AGT TGA

21.Translate the mRNA sequence into tRNA.

22.Write the amino acid sequence from the mRNA.

23.List the differences between DNA and RNA.

Reproduction

24. The cell below is in what phase of division?

25.What is the name of the phase the following cell is in?

26.What phase is the following cell undergoing?

27.At what stage in division is the following cell?

28.What type of reproduction is shown in the photos?

29.Do the 4 pictures represent Mitosis or Meiosis?

DNA and RNA

30. In DNA, adenine is equal to thymine and guanine is equal to _________.

31. What is a DNA molecule made up of? 32. During transcription, what is made from the DNA? 33. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies an

amino acid is called a ________. 34. Replicate the following DNA sequence.

TTA GGC CTA 35. Use the Replicated DNA to make the mRNA. 36. Use the mRNA to make tRNA. 37. Use the mRNA sequence to determine the amino

acids.

Reproduction

38.List the correct stages for each of the following cells.

39.What is the correct order of the following pictures?

Reproduction

40. If diploid cells are called somatic cells (body cells), then what are haploid cells called?

41.What is the end result of mitosis? 42.What is the end result of meiosis? 43.What is DNA made up of? 44.What is RNA made up of? 45.What is the amount of cytosine always equal to?

Thymine? 46.In RNA, what is adenine complementary to? 47.During transcription, what happens? 48.During translation what happens?

Reproduction

49. What is the name for the nucleotide triplet sequence of mRNA?

50.If transcription was blocked, what else would not happen?

51.What will a change in the DNA bases that code for a protein do?

52.What is the sequence for making proteins?

53.What do chains of amino acids make up?

54.What is the genetic material that provides the instructions for making proteins?

Unit 4 Vocabulary Words

1. Recessive

2. Dominant

3. Phenotype

4. Genotype

5. Allele

6. Homozygous

7. Heterozygous

8. Independent assortment

9. Segregation- separation of chromosomes and alleles

10. Genetic Variation- the variety of genes within a species.

11. Crossing Over

12. Codominance

13. Incomplete Dominance

14. Genetic Engineering

15. DNA fingerprinting

16. Electrophoresis

17. Gene therapy

18. Recombinant DNA

19. Stem cell

20. Cloning

21. DNA sequencing

22. Mutation

23. Deletion

24. Substitution

25. Insertion

26. Frameshift mutation

27. Nondisjunction