Name_______________________

Biology Semester Review – Fall 2012

Scientific Method, Lab Safety & Equipment, Graphing

Label the equipment pictures below with what they measure: volume, mass, or temperature (you can use words more

than once)

6. ______ The surface of liquids in a glass cylinder is always curved.

This curved surface is called a meniscus. When reading a volume of

a liquid, read the bottom of the meniscus. What is the most precise

volume of the liquid shown in the figure to the right?

a. 61 mL

b. 74 mL

c. 67 mL

d. 66 mL

A line graph is used to plot data over time. A bar graph shows comparisons between different sets of data that are not

continuous over time. A circle graph, or pie graph, compares percentages of data.

Match the information with the correct graph to display it: line graph, bar graph, or circle graph

7. ________________ A scientist planted two groups of pea plants: one in direct sunlight and one in a dark closet.

Plant height was measured and recorded every day for two months.

8. ________________ A geologist took a sample of rock from a dig site and performed chemical analysis to determine

the percent composition of the minerals it contained.

9. ________________ A sociologist studying ancient Mayan cultures compared the vegetables eaten by 5 different

tribes

10. Match the following warnings to what you should avoid if working with

a. Flammable Contact with skin

b. Toxic fumes Inhalation

c. High voltage current Water

d. Corrosive Fire

1.______________ 2.______________ 3.______________ 4.______________

5.______________

Name_______________________ 11. _____ Which of the following is NOT a testable hypothesis?

a. fertilizer A will make the KW variety of green bean produce more beans

b. Smart people like the same music

c. Vitamin C relieves cold symptoms

d. There is more than one species of African elephant

Use the information in the box to answer questions 12 -13

_____12. Which plot is the control group?

a. the first plot with traditional pesticide

b. the second plot with the new pesticide

c. the third plot with no pesticide

d. there is not control group

_____13. What could be concluded if the plot treated with the new pesticide has damage similar to the control

plot?

a. the experiment is a failure

b. the new pesticide may not be effective

c. the control plot was problematic

d. the new pesticide should be used

Biomolecules

14. For each biomolecule, name an example of each and what the building blocks (monomers) are of each.

a. Carbohydrate –

b. Lipid –

c. Protein –

d. Nucleic acid –

A group of scientists wish to see if using a new, environmentally friendly pesticide is

effective in preventing insect damage to soybeans. Three different soybean plots are

planted. The first plot contains soybeans treated with the traditional pesticide. The

second plot is treated with the new environmentally friendly pesticide. The third plot is

left untreated.

Name_______________________ 15. Draw a picture of the structures of the four biomolecules.

16. Write the functions of the different types of biomolecules.

a. Carbohydrates

b. Protein

c. Lipids

d. Nucleic Acids

The Cell

Use the Word Bank to match the organelles with their correct descriptions. Organelle names can be used

more than once!

mitochondria

chloroplast

endoplasmic reticulum

cell membrane

ribosome

vacuole

_______________________1. a cell’s internal transport system

_______________________2. makes food for the plant cell

_______________________3. produces proteins

Name_______________________ _______________________4. makes energy for the cell

_______________________5. semi-permeable membrane

_______________________6. stores food, water, and waste

_______________________7. maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters and leaves the cell

_______________________8. site of photosynthesis

For 9 & 10, in the box above each cell, label the cells as Plant or Animal.

Use the following key to color these cell parts in the two cells above:

Part color Part color

Cell wall purple Smooth ER pink

chloroplasts green Ribosomes Black or pencil

mitochondria red Rough ER orange

Plant central vacuole yellow Nucleus maroon

9. 10.

Name_______________________

Circle one triangle, pentagon, circle, square and example in the group below that

represent eukaryotic cells.

11.Using the exercise above, define these terms in your own words.

Prokaryotic_____________________________________________________________

Eukaryotic______________________________________________________________

12. A cell moves particles from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration by _____.

a. facilitated diffusion b. active transport

c. passive transport

13. If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by _______. a. osmosis b. active transport

c. diffusion d. water does not leave

14. A 0.9% NaCl solution is isotonic to red blood cells. Which of these describes the results if red blood cells are placed into a 7% solution of NaCl?

a. they will burst.

b. they will shrink.

c. nothing will happen.

d. they will expand but not burst.

e. none of the above

Name_______________________ 15. Below are three pictures representing a cell. The small dots represent water. How will the water move

in each of the pictures?

Is water moving Into the cell or out of the cell or in and out at the same time

16. Place the following terms in order from smallest to largest.

Cell molecule tissue

Circulatory/Excretory/Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Circulatory System:

1. Write the steps of the pathway of blood from the time the blood cells enter the Superior Vena Cava until they

return.

2. Name three functions of the circulatory system.

3. Name three components of blood and give the function of each.

Name_______________________ 4. Define the following terms.

a. Atrium-

b. Ventricle-

c. Valve-

d.Aorta-

5. What are the primary differences between arteries and veins?

6. List the levels of organization from molecule to biosphere.

7. List several ways the circulatory system helps the body maintain homeostasis.

Excretory System:

1. List three examples of how the excretory system helps the body maintain homeostasis.

2. Explain how the kidneys provide the body with filtration.

3. What blood components are reabsorbed by the kidneys? How does this process occur?

Name_______________________ 4. Define the Following Terms

a. Kidney –

b. Ureter –

c. Urinary Bladder

d. Nephron

e. Filtration

f. Reabsorption

g. Urethra

Nervous System:

1. What is a neuron? Explain the function of a neuron and draw the structure. Be sure to label the parts of a neuron.

2. Describe 3 ways the nervous system helps to maintain homeostasis.

3. Describe the functions of the cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and spinal cord.

Name_______________________ Endocrine System:

1. Explain how the endocrine system maintains proper water balance within the body.

2. Define positive and negative feedback mechanisms. How does this relate to the endocrine system?

3. How do hormones affect the body differently than nerve impulses?

4. Explain the role of the pituitary gland in the body.

5. How does the pancreas aid the body in maintaining homeostasis?

6. Define the following terms.

a. Gland –

b. Hormone –

c. Exocrine Gland –

d. Endocrine Gland –

Name_______________________

Bacteria, Viruses and Immune

1. List the 2 things that viruses are made of. ______________ and __________________________ 2. The outer protein coat of a virus is called a _____________.

3. Where are the instructions for making new copies of viruses found?

4. Can viral diseases be treated with antibiotics? ______ What can be used to prevent them?

5. Viruses cause disease by doing what to the body?

6. How do viruses “reproduce”? _____________________

7. What happens to the host organism after they reproduce? (What is the biggest threat to the cell by the

virus?)

8. Label the virus:

9. What do viruses and living cells have in common?

10. (True/False) Viruses are smaller than bacteria.

11. (True/False) Viruses metabolize food for energy. 12. Put the virus lytic cycle in order. (Think about what happens when a virus infects a cell.)

_____ _____ _____

_____ _____

Name_______________________

Use the picture to answer questions 13-14.

13. What type of organism is this?

14. Label the structure 15. Define prokaryote.

16. List the 2 kingdoms of bacteria and describe each. (Why are they in different kingdoms?)

___________________--

___________________--

17. How do bacteria help maintain equilibrium in the ecosystem?

18. (True/False) There are bacteria in the body that are beneficial to humans.

Where in the body are these bacteria found? __________________________________

19. In what food can beneficial bacteria be found? List some examples.

20. List the three different bacterial shapes and describe them.

21. Define pathogen.

22. Explain how bacteria grow resistant to antibiotics.

Name_______________________ Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term. 1. Endospore

2. Virus

3. Coccus

4. Prokaryote

5. Bacillus

6. Vaccine

7. Spirillum

8. Bacteriophage

9. Retrovirus

10. Prion

11. Capsid

12. Lytic

13. Binary fission

14. Conjugation

a. bacterium with a rod shape

b. bacterium with a corkscrew shape

c. particle of nucleic acid, protein, and possibly

lipids that can reproduce only by infecting other

cells

d. unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

e. preparation of weakened or killed pathogen

that, when injected, may prompt the body to

develop an immunity to the disease

f. bacterium with a sphere shape

g. thick internal wall produced by a bacterium

when growth conditions become unfavorable

h. exchange of genetic material in bacteria

i. infectious protein particle

j. type of viral infection that causes the cell to

burst

k. protein coat of a virus

l. virus that infects bacteria

m. asexual form of reproduction carried out by

bacteria

n. virus having RNA as its genetic material

Name_______________________

Plants:

1. What are the four main parts of a plant? Define each of them.

a.

b.

c.

d.

2. What are the three main functions of leaves?

a.

b.

c.

3. What is the vascular tissue that carries water and minerals?

4. What is the vascular tissue that carries food?

5. Where do the water and minerals come from? Where do they go?

6. What is the purpose of the cuticle?

7. What is the function of the stomata?

8. How does the stomata open and close?

9. Draw a sketch of the stomata and guard cells open and closed.

Name_______________________ 10. What are the three main functions of the roots?

a.

b.

c.

11. What are the three main functions of the stems?

a.

b.

c.

12. Match the following terms with the correct hormone.

Auxins (A) Cytokinins (C) Gibberellins (G) Ethylene Gas (E)

a. This hormone is responsible for stem growth.

b. This hormone is responsible for gravitropism.

c. This hormone is responsible for fruit ripening.

d. This hormone is responsible for starting cell division.

e. This hormone will cause seeds to sprout.

f. This hormone is responsible for phototropism.

g. This hormone causes cell elongation.

Photosynthesis:

1. Photosynthesis: a. What is the function/purpose of photosynthesis?

b. Where does photosynthesis take place?

c. What type of organisms use photosynthesis?

d. What is the primary product of photosynthesis for the plant?

Name_______________________ e. How do we benefit from the process of photosynthesis?

f. What is the energy source?

2. Explain the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Give two examples of each.

3. Below draw a molecule of ATP. Label: adenine, 5 carbon sugar ribose, the phosphate groups, and the

chemical bond holding the phosphates together.

4. In the diagram above place a X where a bond would be broken to release energy. What do we call the resulting molecule when the portion after the X is removed?

5. Write the chemical equation for the process of photosynthesis.

6. What are the reactants and products of Light Dependent Reactions? Where in the chloroplast do they

occur? Refer to your diagram in the notes.

Reactants: Products: Location:

7. What are the reactants and products of Light-Independent/Dark Reactions? Where in the chloroplast do they occur? Refer to your diagram in the notes.

Reactants: Products: Location:

8. What is the Light-Independent or Dark Reaction often called?

Name_______________________ 9. Explain how temperature, intensity of light and water affect the rates of photosynthesis?

Ecology:

Use the picture above to answer questions #1- 4.

1. Draw an arrow on the left of the picture that shows the flow of energy and label it flow of energy. 2. Write most energy and largest biomass on the right side of the picture next to the section of the picture that these words represent. 3. Write least energy and smallest biomass on the right side of the picture next to the section of the picture that these words represent. 4. Draw a food chain of the pyramid above. 5. What is the energy source that is the foundation of food web? _____________________________

6. Summarize the role of microorganisms in maintaining the health of organisms/ecosystems.

Name_______________________ 7. Summarize the role of microorganisms in disrupting the health of organisms/ecosystems.

8. Describe how environmental change can impact ecological stability.

9. Describe the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

10. Explain what happens if the carbon or nitrogen cycle is disrupted.

Enzymes/Digestive System

1. Draw the cycle of an enzyme and label the following parts: enzyme, active site, substrate, substrate/enzyme

complex and product.

2. Complete the following statements over enzyme characteristics.

a. Enzymes are very ______________ to the substrate they catalyze.

b. Majority of enzymes end in ____________________.

c. Enzymes are _____________ a biomolecule composed of amino acids.

d. Enzymes ________________ activation energy.

Name_______________________ e. Enzymes are ______________ and can catalyze millions of reactions.

3. List 4 factors that can affect the rate of an enzyme.

4. List the function of the digestive system.

5. What is the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion? List the locations of where these types

of digestion occur.

6. Where are the villi located? List the function of the villi or villus. Draw a picture of a villi

7. Identify the part of the digestive system where specific enzymes begin to break down the following

biomolecules.

Carbohydrates-

Proteins-

Lipids-

Name_______________________

Cellular Respiration:

1. Cellular Respiration: A. What is the function/purpose of cellular respiration?

B. Where does cellular respiration take place?

C. What type of organisms use cellular respiration?

D. What is the primary product of cellular respiration used by organisms?

2. List the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 3. Which process yields more energy aerobic or anaerobic respiration? 4. List the two types of anaerobic respiration. 5. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis like a cycle?

Name_______________________ 6. Complete the following table comparing and contrasting photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis

Function:

Organelle

Reactants

Products

Parts/Steps

Types of Organisms that use the process.

History of Life

1. Draw a diagram showing the endosymbiotic theory.

2. Describe how the fossil record shows the history of life.