Characteristics of life (MRS GREN);Living things:

(1) M Movement (A change in place or position)

(2) R Respiration (Breathing, an exchange of gases: oxygen in - carbon dioxide out)

(3) S Sensitivity (Reacting to the environment)

(4) G Growth (The increase in size)

(5) R Reproduction (Being able to produce more of their kind)

(6) E Excretion (Removal of bodily wastes)

(7) N Nutrition (Being able to take in food to support life processes)

5 kingdoms of living things:1. bacteria (monera) are:

a. unicellular (single cell)b. prokaryotic (the cell does not have a nucleus)

2. protozoa (protista) are:a. unicellular (single cell)b. eukaryotic (the cell is with a nucleus)

3. fungi (mushrooms and mould)a. multicellular (have many cells)b. eukaryotic (the cell is with a nucleus)c. absorb food

4. plantsa. multicellular (have many cells)b. eukaryotic (the cell is with a nucleus)c. photosynthesise

5. animals:a. multicellular (have many cells)b. eukaryotic (the cell is with a nucleus)c. ingest

Cells to systems http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/z9hyvcw/revision

Animal kingdom

Vertebrates (with backbone)Reproduction Body

temperatureRespiration Skin

Fish Lay eggs in water

Cold blooded Live in water and breath with gills

Skin covered by scales

Reptiles Lay eggs on dry land

Cold blooded Breath with lungs Skin covered by scales or shell

Amphibians Lay eggs in water

Cold blooded Breath with gills and later with lungs

Smooth skin

Birds Lay eggs in nests

Warm blooded Breath with lungs Skin covered with feathers

Mammals Give birth and feed babies with milk

Warm blooded Breath with lungs Skin covered with hair (except dolphin)

Arthropods (joint feet)All arthropods inherited a particular set of characteristics from their ancestor.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/3_0_0/arthropodstory

CrustaceansFor ex. shrimps, crabs, lobsters

Have a very hard covering (calcium)2 pairs of antennaeThey live in water.2 body part because head and thorax together.More than 4 pairs of legs with different functions.

Insects 1 pair of antennas.Body has 3 parts, head, thorax and abdomenAll insects have six legs (three pairs of jointed legs) and usually four wings (two pairs).They can fly.

Myriapods:For ex. Centipedes,Millipedes

Many body segments, each with 1 or 2 pair of legs1 pair of antennae

ArachnidsFor ex. Spiders, scorpions, ticks

Cells and using a microscopeCells are the smallest building blocks of all living organisms: no matter bacteria, animals or plants. They are very small and can be observed only under microscope.

Cells comprise of different parts, each has its specific function:

Cell part FunctionNucleus Controls activities of cell, contains the DNACytoplasm Jelly like substance that fills the cell, location of many chemical

reactionsCell membrane Controls which substances can enter and leave the cellMitochondrion Produces energy for the cell through respirationChloroplasts Location where photosynthesis occurs and sugar is producedVacuole Water storage and waist container for the cellCell wall Supports and strengthens the cellRibosomes Location where amino acids are connected together to produce

proteins

Plant (onion) cells Animal cells (from the inner part of the cheek)

PhotosynthesisGreen plants make their own sugars by the process of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplasts of plant cells. Chlorophyll, the green pigment found in chloroplasts, traps light energy, usually from the sun.Plants also take in raw materials from the environment, water through their roots and carbon dioxide through their leaves.Sugar is made for plants to use and oxygen is released into the atmosphere which is very useful for humans and other organisms that carry out aerobic respiration.

Energy cannot be produced or used up, it can only be converted from one form to another. In photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy which is stored in the sugar molecules produced. This stored energy is then available to the plant cells to use.The word photosynthesis can be broken down into its two parts: 'photo' meaning light and 'synthesis' meaning to make. So plants use light to make their own food (in the form of sugar). The overall process of photosynthesis can be summarised by the word equation shown below.

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy + carbon dioxide + water -> carbohydrate (sugar) + oxygen

Photosynthesis vs Respiration