BIOLOGY30

ReviewAssignmentPartI

NervousSystemAnswerSheet

Question#1

NumericResponse#1

Question#2

Question#3

Question#4

Question#5

NumericResponse#2

NumericResponse#3

NumericResponse#4

Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerthenexttwoquestions.

1. Damagetothemyelinsheathofanopticneuronaffectsthespeedofneuraltransmission

tothevisualcentre,whichisfoundinwhichlobeofthecerebrum?

A. Frontallobe

B. Parietallobe

C. Occipitallobe

D. Temporallobe

Usethefollowingadditionalinformationtoanswerthenextquestion.

NUMERICRESPONSE#1

Theorderinwhichtheeventslistedaboveoccurduringapupillarylightreflex

is_____,_____,_____,and_____.

(Recordallfourdigitsofyouranswerinthenumerical‐responsesectionontheanswersheet.)

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease of the nervous system, typically has

symptomsofuncontrolledmuscleresponses,weakness,paralysis,andvision

difficulties. Researchers believe that MS occurs as a result of the body’s

immune systemdestroying themyelin sheath that surrounds theaxonof a

nervecell.Theresultisascarringofbraintissueorofspinalcordtissue.

AnothersymptomofMSisanexaggeratedpupillarylightreflex.Someofthe

eventsthatoccurduringthisreflexarelistedbelow.

1Motorneurondepolarizes

2Sensoryneurondepolarizes

3Interneurondepolarizes

4Lightreceptorsstimulated

2. Whichofthefollowingrowsindicateseventsthatwouldresultfromstimulationof

sympatheticmotorneuronsintheheart,skin,andliver?

Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerthenexttwoquestions.

3. Inthediagramabove,twoareasofthebrainwhosefunctioncanbeaffectedinaperson

withRefsumdiseasearenumbered

A. 1and2

B. 1and4

C. 2and3

D. 3and4

4. SymptomsofvisionlossinindividualswithRefsumdiseaseincludecataractsand

impairednightvision.Whichofthefollowingrowsidentifiesthestructureoftheeye

thatisaffectedbycataractsandthecellsthat,whendamaged,resultinnightvisionloss?

Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerthenextquestion.

5. Whichofthefollowinglistsidentifiestheneuralpathwayinareflexarc?

A. Receptor,sensoryneuron,effector,motorneuron

B. Motorneuron,interneuron,sensoryneuron,effector

C. Sensoryneuron,receptor,interneuron,motorneuron

D. Receptor,sensoryneuron,interneuron,motorneuron

Individualsknowthattouchingahotstovecanbepainful.Whenan

individualaccidentallytouchesahotstove,areflexarcisinitiated,which

causesthepersontowithdrawhisorherhandbeforeheorshesenses

thepain.

Use the following information to answer the next question.

NUMERICRESPONSE#2

Afterlightenterstheeye,thestructuresofsensoryperceptionlistedabovethatare

stimulatedare_____,_____,and_____.

(Recordallthreedigitsofyouranswerinlowest‐to‐highestnumericalorderinthenumericalresponse

sectionontheanswersheet.)

Structures of Sensory Perception

1 Optic nerve

2 Proprioceptor

3 Photoreceptor

4 Occipital lobe

5 Temporal lobe

6 Auditory nerve

Usethefollowingadditionalinformationtoanswerthenextquestion.

NUMERICRESPONSE#3

Inthediagramabove,thefourstructuresoftheearthroughwhichsoundvibrationspassas

theytravelfromthepinnaetothesensorynerveare_____,_____,_____,and_____.

(Recordallfourdigitsofyouranswerinlowest‐to‐highestnumericalorder

inthenumericalresponsesectionontheanswersheet.)

Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerthenextquestion.

NUMERICRESPONSE#4

Matchfourofthecelltypesnumberedabovewiththedisorderthatthecellcouldtreat,as

givenbelow.

CellType:

Neuroreceptor

Disorder:Anosmia Colourblindness

Neural

deafness

Permanent

vertigo

(Recordallfourdigitsofyouranswerinthenumerical‐responsesectionontheanswersheet.)

EndocrineSystemAnswerSheet

NumericResponse#5

Question#6

Question#7

Question#8

Question9

Question#10

Question#11

NumericResponse#6

Question#12

Usethefollowingdiagramtoanswerthenextquestion.

NUMERICRESPONSE#5

Thethreestructuresinthediagramaboveinvolvedinthenormalfeedbackcontrolof

cortisolsecretionarenumbered_____,_____,and_____.

(Recordallthreedigitsofyouranswerinlowest‐to‐highestnumericalorder

inthenumericalresponsesectionontheanswersheet.)

Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerthenexttwoquestions.

6. Surgicalremovalofthethyroidglandresultsin

A. adecreaseinthyroxinelevelsandTSHlevels

B. anincreaseinthyroxinelevelsandTSHlevels

C. anincreaseinthyroxinelevelsandadecreaseinTSHlevels

D. adecreaseinthyroxinelevelsandanincreaseinTSHlevels

7. Followingtheremovalofthethyroidgland,thyroidmedicationisprescribedinorderto

A. increasesodiumreabsorptionandwaterretention

B. decreasesodiumreabsorptionandwaterretention

C. increasetherateofmetabolismandtherateofheatproduction

D. decreasetherateofmetabolismandtherateofheatproduction

8. Theshort‐termresponsetostressoccursfasterthanthelong‐termresponsetostress

becausethe

A. bloodfromtheadrenalmedullatravelsfasterthandoesthebloodfromthe

adrenalcortex

B. adrenalmedullarespondstonervousstimulation,whichisfasterthanhormonal

stimulation

C. adrenalmedullaiscontrolledbythehypothalamuswhereastheadrenalcortex

iscontrolledbythepituitary

D. hormonefromtheadrenalmedullaactsoncellsmorequicklythanthe

hormonesfromtheadrenalcortex

Thyroidcancercandevelopslowlyovermanymonthsorevenyears.

Becausethesymptomsarefrequentlyoverlooked,diagnosisisoften

delayed.However,thyroidcancerisusuallytreatedsuccessfullywitha

combinationofsurgery,radioactiveiodine,andthyroidmedication.

9. Whichofthefollowinghormonesplaysaroleinreturningthesaltconcentrationinthe

bloodtohomeostaticlevelsfollowingheavyexercise?

A. Cortisol

B. Thyroxine

C. Aldosterone

D. Epinephrine

10. Lowlevelsofcalciumionsinthebloodcause

A. decreasedsecretionofPTHandincreaseddepositionofcalciuminthebones

B. decreasedsecretionofcalcitoninandincreaseddepositionofcalciuminthe

bones

C. increasedsecretionofPTHandmovementofcalciumfromthebonestothe

blood

D. increasedsecretionofcalcitoninandmovementofcalciumfromthebonestothe

blood

11. Parathormoneandcalitoninarehormonesthatworkantagonistically.Twoother

hormonesthatworkantagonisticallyare

A. TSHandthyroxine

B. insulinandglucagon

C. ADHandaldosterone

D. prolactinandoxytocin

Use the following information to answer the next two questions.

NUMERICRESPONSE#6

Match each of the hormones involved in the stress response with the hormones

represented in the flowchart above.

HormoneNumber: FlowchartLetter: HormoneA HormoneB HormoneC HormoneD

12. Theshort‐termresponsetostressoccursfasterthanthelong‐termresponsetostress

becausethe

A. bloodfromtheadrenalmedullatravelsfasterthandoesthebloodfromthe

adrenalcortex

B. adrenalmedullarespondstonervousstimulation,whichisfasterthanhormonal

stimulation

C. adrenalmedullaiscontrolledbythehypothalamuswhereastheadrenalcortex

iscontrolledbythepituitary

D. hormonefromtheadrenalmedullaactsoncellsmorequicklythanthe

hormonesfromtheadrenalcortex

ReproductiveSystemAnswerSheet

NumericResponse#7

NumericResponse#8

Question#13

Question#14

Question#15

Question#16

Question#17

Question#18

Question#19

Question#20

Use the following information to answer the next question.

NUMERICRESPONSE#7

Match four of the structures of the male and female reproductive systems numbered

above with the appropriate descriptions, as given below.

Structure:

Description: Siteof

spermatogenesis

Siteof

oogenesis

Siteofproduction

offructosefluid,

whichmakesupa

portionofthe

semen

Usualsiteof

mitoticdivision

afterfertilization

(Recordallfourdigitsofyouranswerinthenumerical‐responsesectionontheanswersheet.)

Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerthenextquestion.

NUMERICRESPONSE#8

Inanormalmale,thesequenceofthestructuresnumberedabovethroughwhichsperm

cellstravelfromthetimewhenspermatogenesisoccurstothetimewhenejaculationoccurs

is_____,_____,_____,and_____.

(Recordallfourdigitsofyouranswerinthenumerical‐responsesectionontheanswersheet.)

Usethefollowingadditionalinformationtoanswerthenexttwoquestions.

13. Inthediagramabove,thehormonesFSH,LH,andtestosteronearelabelled,respectively,

A. 2,3,4

B. 2,3,5

C. 3,2,4

D. 3,2,5

14. Ifinfertilitywereduetodecreasedproductionofhormone1bythehypothalamus,then

fewerspermwouldbeproducedbecausetherewouldbe

A. lowlevelsofhormone2

B. highlevelsofhormone3

C. highlevelsofhormone4

D. lowlevelsofhormone5

Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerthenextquestion.

15. Whichofthefollowinghormonesmostlikelyplayaroleinreducingtheeffectsof

cocaineonbloodflowinawoman’sbrainatthebeginningofthewoman’smenstrual

cycle?

A. FSHandprogesterone

B. LHandprogesterone

C. FSHandestrogen

D. LHandestrogen

Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerthenexttwoquestions.

16. Accordingtothefindings,onwhichdayordaysofawoman’smenstrualcyclewouldit

bebesttoperformsurgerytoremoveacancerousbreasttumour?

A. Days1to5

B. Days6to13

C. Day14

D. Days15to28

Researchontheeffectofcocaineonbloodflowinthebrainrevealed

thatmalesandfemalesreactdifferentlytothedrug.Menwhouse

cocainehavea20%decreaseinbloodflowinthebrain.Womenwho

usecocainehavenochangeinbloodflowinthebrainatthebeginning

oftheirmenstrualcycle.

—Kaufman,MarcJ.,JonathanM.Levin,LuisC.Maas,ThelleaJ.Kukes,Rosemond

A.Villafuerte,KerstinDostal,ScottE.Lukas,JackH.Mendelson,BruceM.Cohen,

andPerryF.Renshaw.2001.Cocaine‐inducedcerebralvasoconstrictiondiffersasa

functionofsexandmenstrualcyclephase.BiologicalPsychiatry49:774–781.

Researchersfoundthatthetimingofbreastcancersurgeryinawoman’s

menstrualcycleaffectstheoutcomeofthesurgery.Surgerytoremovea

canceroustumourismostsuccessfulduringawoman’slutealphase,partly

becausethehormonethathasthehighestconcentrationinthelutealphase

seemstocausethetissuesurroundingthetumourtocompressthetumour.

17. Thehormonethathasahighconcentrationonlyduringthelutealphaseand,therefore,

thatprobablycontributestothesuccessofbreastcancertumourremovalatthisstageis

A. LH

B. FSH

C. Estrogen

D. Progesterone

Usethefollowingdiagramtoanswerthenextquestion.

18. Whichofthefollowingrowsidentifiesstructure3andthestructureitbecomespartof?

Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerthenextquestion.

19. Thestructureinthehumanfemalethattheclearplasticboxfunctionsasandastructure

thatnormallysurroundsthefetusare,respectively,

A. auterusandtheallantois

B. aplacentaandtheallantois

C. auterusandtheamnioticsac

D. aplacentaandtheamnioticsac

Scientists in Japan have created an artificialwomb. In it, they placed

goat fetuses, which developed for up to three weeks. The device is

composed of a clear plastic box that is filled with fluid at 37°C and

connectedtovariousmachinesthatmaintainvitalfunctions.Insidethe

clear plastic box, the fetus is connected to a dialysis machine that

removeswastesandprovidesnutrientstothefetus.

Inthefuture,scientistshopetousethisdevicetostudytheprocessof

humandevelopment.

Use the following information to answer the next question.

20. Inthediagramabove,thestructurethatdevelopsfromlayerXandthestructurethat

developsfromlayerYare,respectively,the

A. embryoandtheamnion

B. chorionandtheamnion

C. chorionandtheembryo

D. embryoandthechorion