Biology PresentationBiology Presentation

Variety of life and ClassificVariety of life and Classificationation

Luk Yui See 6B(17)Luk Yui See 6B(17)

Five Kingdoms of Five Kingdoms of organismsorganisms

Kingdom ProkaryotaKingdom ProkaryotaKingdom ProtoctistaKingdom ProtoctistaKingdom FungiKingdom FungiKingdom PlantaeKingdom PlantaeKingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

Kingdom ProkaryotaKingdom Prokaryota

•Unicellular and colonialUnicellular and colonial•including true including true bacteriabacteria

Kingdom ProkaryotaKingdom Prokaryota•Shape: spherical/rod-Shape: spherical/rod-

shaped /helicalshaped /helical•Example:Example:

Rod-shapedRod-shaped

Kingdom ProtoctistaKingdom Protoctista•Unicellular protozoans and Unicellular protozoans and

unicellular & multicellular alunicellular & multicellular algaegae

•Mostly aquatic and live in seMostly aquatic and live in seawater, freshwater ponds, lawater, freshwater ponds, lakes and streams.akes and streams.

Kingdom ProtoctistaKingdom Protoctista• Example: Example: Coralline Alga (Calliarthron

tuberculosum)

Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi

•Have no true roots, stems aHave no true roots, stems and leaves and vascular bunnd leaves and vascular bundlesdles

•Hyphae for anchorage and aHyphae for anchorage and absorptionbsorption

•Lack chlorophyll->saprophyLack chlorophyll->saprophytictic

Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi

•Example:Example:

Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae•Eukaryotic, photosynthetic Eukaryotic, photosynthetic

organisms (contains organisms (contains chlorophyll)chlorophyll)»MossesMosses»FernsFerns»GymnospermsGymnosperms»AngiospermsAngiosperms

MossesMosses•Primitive land plantsPrimitive land plants•Possess tiny rhizoids Possess tiny rhizoids •Upright, stem-like Upright, stem-like

structurestructure•Do not have vascular Do not have vascular

tissuetissue

MossesMosses•Example: Example:

mosses in gorge

FernsFerns•A group of terrestrial A group of terrestrial plantsplants

•Grow in shady and Grow in shady and humid places humid places

•Posses stems, leaves Posses stems, leaves and vascular tissueand vascular tissue

FernsFerns•Example:Example:

GymnospermsGymnosperms• Naked seedsNaked seeds• No fruit because no ovaryNo fruit because no ovary• Usually cones on which sporangiUsually cones on which sporangi

a and spores developa and spores develop•No vessels in xylem, only trachei

ds, no companion cells in phloem

GymnospermsGymnosperms•Example:Example:

AngiospermsAngiosperms• Seeds enclosed in ovarySeeds enclosed in ovary• Produce flowers in which Produce flowers in which

sporangia and spores developsporangia and spores develop• After fertilization, ovary develops After fertilization, ovary develops

into a fruitinto a fruit• Xylem contains vessels; phloem Xylem contains vessels; phloem

contains companion cellscontains companion cells

AngiospermsAngiosperms•Example:Example:

angiospermangiospermss

angiospermmonocot

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

•Multicellular animals, wMulticellular animals, without cell walls and witithout cell walls and without photosynthetic pighout photosynthetic pigments, forming diploid ments, forming diploid blastulablastula

• Chordates-posses notochordChordates-posses notochord• a single, dorsal and hollow nerve a single, dorsal and hollow nerve

cordcord• paired gill slits developed on the paired gill slits developed on the

sides of the embryonic pharynx.sides of the embryonic pharynx.»FishesFishes»AmphibiansAmphibians»ReptilesReptiles»BirdsBirds»MammalsMammals

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia•ChnidariansChnidarians•AnnelidsAnnelids•MolluscsMolluscs•ArthropodsArthropods•EchinodermsEchinoderms

FishesFishes• AquaticAquatic• Stream-lined body, propulsive tailStream-lined body, propulsive tail• Paired pectoral and pelvic finsPaired pectoral and pelvic fins• Unpaired median fins to maintain Unpaired median fins to maintain

stabilitystability• Gills as respiratory organsGills as respiratory organs• Single circulationSingle circulation• Prominent lateral line systemProminent lateral line system• Exoskeleton of scalesExoskeleton of scales

FishesFishes•Example:Example:

AmphibiansAmphibians• Smooth most skin without scales (act Smooth most skin without scales (act

as respiratory surface)as respiratory surface)• No external earNo external ear• Semi-terrestrial; dependent on fresh Semi-terrestrial; dependent on fresh

water for developmentwater for development• External fertilizationExternal fertilization• Urea and ammonia excretedUrea and ammonia excreted• Teeth uniform, only one type of tooth Teeth uniform, only one type of tooth

in dentitionin dentition

AmphibiansAmphibians•Example:Example:

ReptilesReptiles• Dry hard scalesDry hard scales• Lungs as respiratory organsLungs as respiratory organs• No pinna to earNo pinna to ear• Uric acid excretedUric acid excreted• Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization• Completely adapted to life on dry, both iCompletely adapted to life on dry, both i

n adults and during developmentn adults and during development

ReptilesReptiles•Example:Example:

BirdsBirds• Body covered by feathersBody covered by feathers• EndothermicEndothermic• Bones are light and strongBones are light and strong• Lungs as the respiratory organsLungs as the respiratory organs• Fore Pectoral limbs modified to wingsFore Pectoral limbs modified to wings• No teethNo teeth• No pinnaNo pinna• Bipedal method of walkingBipedal method of walking• Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization• Uric acid excretedUric acid excreted• Acute sense of light, colour vision, extensive visual Acute sense of light, colour vision, extensive visual

fieldfield

BirdsBirds•Example:Example:

MammalsMammals• EndothermicEndothermic• Skin covered by hairSkin covered by hair• Lungs as respiratory organs, diaphrLungs as respiratory organs, diaphr

agm present to increase efficiency oagm present to increase efficiency of the respiratory systemf the respiratory system

• Pinna presentPinna present• Internal fertilizaionInternal fertilizaion

MammalsMammals•Example:Example:

ChnidariansChnidarians• Diploblastic metazoa: ectoderm and enDiploblastic metazoa: ectoderm and en

doderm separated by mesogloeadoderm separated by mesogloea• Tissue level of organization achievedTissue level of organization achieved• The body wall encloses a central digestThe body wall encloses a central digest

ive cavity called enteronive cavity called enteron• No respiratory, circulatory or excretory No respiratory, circulatory or excretory

systemsystem• body is radial symmetricalbody is radial symmetrical• presence of nematoblastpresence of nematoblast

ChnidariansChnidarians•Example:Example:

AnnelidsAnnelids•Matamerically segmentedMatamerically segmented•Triploblastic coelomateTriploblastic coelomate•Body covered with thin cuticBody covered with thin cutic

lele•Chaetae typically presentChaetae typically present•Closed circulatory systemClosed circulatory system

AnnelidsAnnelids•Example:Example:

MolluscsMolluscs• triploblastic coelomate triploblastic coelomate • soft body divided into head, foot and vissoft body divided into head, foot and vis

ceral mass ceral mass • shell may be one spiral piece or with 2 vshell may be one spiral piece or with 2 v

alves joined by ligaments, or may be encalves joined by ligaments, or may be enclosed inside the mantle losed inside the mantle

• blood contains respiratory pigment, circblood contains respiratory pigment, circulated through an open circulatory systeulated through an open circulatory system m

MolluscsMolluscs•Example:Example:

ArthropodsArthropods• bilaterally symmetric bilaterally symmetric • metamerically segmented metamerically segmented • coelomate ,but body cavity consists of a coelomate ,but body cavity consists of a

haemocel, and the coelom is much reduhaemocel, and the coelom is much reduced to cavities of the gonads and the excced to cavities of the gonads and the excretory organs retory organs

• chitinous jointed exoskeleton chitinous jointed exoskeleton • open blood system open blood system

ArthropodsArthropods•Example:Example:

EchinodermsEchinoderms• penta-radial symmetrical penta-radial symmetrical • star-shaped star-shaped • with calcerous spines on upper surface with calcerous spines on upper surface • possession of a water vascular system, a cpossession of a water vascular system, a c

omplex tubes surrounding the mouth and omplex tubes surrounding the mouth and passing into the arms and tube feet passing into the arms and tube feet

• anus in the centre of aboral surface anus in the centre of aboral surface • mouth in the middle of oral surfacemouth in the middle of oral surface

EchinodermsEchinoderms•Example:Example:

ReferencesReferences

• Yahoo search engine (for Yahoo search engine (for pictures)pictures)

• http://waynesword.palomar.edu/trfeb98.htm

• http://www.edp.ust.hk/biol/hkal/AL_classification/AL_classification.htm

• Advanced-level Biology for Hong Advanced-level Biology for Hong Kong-Y.K. HoKong-Y.K. Ho