Biology Presentation (Malnutrition)

7/31/2019 Biology Presentation (Malnutrition)

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Definition of MalnutritionMalnutrition is the condition that developswhen the body does not get the right amount

of the vitamins,minerals, and other nutrients itneeds to maintain healthy tissues and organfunction.


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Deficiency problem of nutrients

and diseases involve

Protein deficiency

Calcium deficiency, phosphorus deficiency andvitamin D deficiency


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Protein deficiency The most obvious sign of malnourishment are often

caused by protein deficiency

There are two extreme forms of protein deficiency:kwashiorkor and marasmus

In both cases, the mental and physical development ofthe child is severely impaired


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Kwashiorkor

Kwashiorkor is a severe protein deficiency diseasecaused by eating protein from a single source, such asrice or corn. The most obvious external symptom is

inflammation of the skin, evident here on the childsarms and legs


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Marasmus Marasmus is caused by a severe deficiency of nearly all

nutrients, especially protein and carbohydrates.

The child becomes very thin, dry skin and loose skinfolds hanging over the buttocks and armpit


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Calcium deficiency, phosphorus

deficiency and vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D is an important vitamin in the control of

calcium and phosphate levels in the body. The active formof vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium and

phosphate from the intestine and for their incorporationinto bone

Low levels of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus causemuscle aches and spasms, bone pain, and weakness. It also

lead to osteoporosis and osteomalacia


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Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia The cause of Osteomalacia is usually insufficient of

Vitamin D which prevents the normal mineralizationof calcium and phosphorous to build strong bones

Osteomalacia usually reveals itself in aches and pain inlumbar region of the spine (lower back) and mayspread to arms and ribs

Osteoporosis occurs when calcium intake is not

sufficient or if the body does not absorb enoughcalcium from the die

Osteoporosis, usually has no symptoms until there is abone fracture.


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Excessive intake problem of

nutrients Excessive intake of carbohydrates

Excessive intake of lipids

Excessive intake of minerals Excessive intake of vitamins

Excessive intake of proteins


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Excessive intake of carbohydrates The habit of consuming foods rich in carbohydrates will

bring about the onset of diabetes mellitus, obesity anddental caries.

Obese people tend to have high levels of cholestrol in theirblood This makes them face a higher risk of developing:-

-cardiovascular diseases-high blood pressure

-atherosclerosis and an increased risk of stroke and brainhaemorrhage

-diabetes mellitus-CANCERS


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Excessive intake of minerals Excessive intake of minerals and vitamins can also bring

about adverse effects on our health

Excessive salt and lack of water can lead the formation of

kidney stones The kidneys of people who lack exercise and do not

perspire work hard to remove excess salt. This will leadkidney failure.

Excess calcium can also increase the risk of kidney stoneformation

Excess ferum can lead to liver and kidney damage, toxicityand DEATH, especially among CHILDREN. (gg.com)


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Excessive intake of vitamins Excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is not harmful

to the body. However, excess fat-soluble vitaminsdeposited in body fat over time.

Therefore, overdoses of fat-soluble vitamins will resultin many effects likes hair loss ,vomiting, kidneydamage and liver damage etc.


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Excessive intake of proteinsAn excessive intake of proteins can increase the uric

acid content in the blood

Uric acid forms crystals in the soft tissues of the joints.This condition leads to gout.

Uric acid can also crystallize and dorm stones in thekidney can cause kidney damage.


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Biology Presentation (Malnutrition)