Biology of the Raisin Moth - AgEcon Searchageconsearch.umn.edu/record/170427/files/tb994.pdf,l'\IIWIIT 'W;:S to Dil'isioll of: C'llltrol In\'C'stigati\llIfl, ]l('sign('(1 .Tan. 22,

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--- ------

middot0 it I~ I~II~bullbull 2 ~ 12

ampI W ~ 12M ~11

0

-

11111125 IIIIIJ 4 1111116

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BU~AU or STAND~RDSmiddot19b3middotA

Ijpound IIIII~10 iii 122 ampI ~ shy

~ n1 211 M ~ 0

--

11111125 1111114 1111116

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NAIiONAL BUREAU OF SlANDARDSmiddot1963middotA

t

leclwhmiddot(1 nullc tili No 99J Seplember19J9

bull Biology of the Raisin ~Ioth 1

By HEfllm C DOOllOt PBIt~Z 8UUIOS DIGHT ll llIt~ms G~oltm U 1loosshy

1lAX alid ClAUS K bISIIEIt CilioHuogillls Divi~ion of [0111 it III Ilcd IIIVfslishygrliOltfi tlul CIU IhrxH(lf CII10IllOoli8I j)irision of 1111$((1 IdClltificatioll iJII(ut of EntoHology IIIl(l Plallt QIWltlfiII AglicllUlIla I~(~c(lch Itminis (Iulion

CONTENTS

PllgU

ltrUdlictiOIl _bullbull ____ __ I iTh( misin moth on frllit fa1l1l8shy luricul review _____ _ bullbull _ 2 Continued

bull~ chnical dtscriptioll bullbull 4 Abundance nncl sensonal kfc hi~tOly_ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull _ -_ (j chllngeL bull bullbull ___ bull ___ bull J3

-0 Fecllndit~ and ull~eity of The lIlisin llIoth in ftOIll~( ____ bull 15 J dllUitsJllClIbutioll und fer- Fall llli~~ttiOIl onrwintcrshy~ ~t1lty-nt e~~~_ __ bull il1~ emergellce ____ _ 15

Q1jyelolilcnt of ILIiC and Flight haIJibL __ __ bull __ _ 18 e TItpa~_ _ _ 7 Pamites ami pnmiddotdlltor bull _____ _ l)

bullbull rhc r~ill t1t on fruit flllIlI_ ) Hunllnary ___ bull bull __ _ 20

Q llaquol)it~ _ ______ _ ) Literaturc eitNL ___________ _ 21 ~ JmlIlU~lIii ill haRt muteshy~ c51lllAt--- -- - shy

~ 0 [TRO D L~CTlOX

(I)

j Thl I)lOc1lletiOl nlHl stolage of clli(gtd fLuits probably hflye blPIl

aftNL((l by ills(et inJ(gtstuJions sjwe the beginnlllg 0[ the indllstry In LP(pnt nalS OIl( of the IlIUjOI inspct pests in Califolllia liaS been gphcstia tz[ulilclla Gregson which has been given the common name rnisin rllotll This specj(s 11S been the subjeet of bioiogiCtll and l(J1ltlOl studies ill(c its first le(ollled appcnrnn(c in Califolllitllaisilts in ]D28~

Thl lnisin moth is founel In most of the ilnit-glowing sedions 01 OaJifolllia (fig 1) ij and in the Snlt l~iVll Vallpy and thc Yllma disshyirirt of Arizona ~rost of these arcas arc arid with hot clear minshy](gts SlllrtlltCIS and 111i1lt1 wi 11 tCIS In the central San Joaquin Valley of CalifolJlin~ whCle damagc by the raisln moth isheayiest the rainfall

1 ~ublllittetl tOl pnbliCu ion 11[( 2 1l-17 TIII nsrtlllli lIIWIIT WS to Dilisioll of Cllltrol InCstigatillIfl ]l(sign((1

Tan 22 H)middot~ ~ LransfNIll O(tolJel l1S 10 Dil-ision of (creal and Forage Ins(~ct Investigashy

tion bull l(cllnical (lNwri(lti(l1~ 11( IInprn(1l hy MI ILinrieh who rttiled Til11( 0

bull Hl4l Ilat I 1 lln n hy (11 BItmiddotInlI (allin

This l((lllrt in(lultles infOllllation ohtnincd to OCtO)gtI 1)I7 bull l[nll~middot of thp (1stli1llltion IPcollls WtIP 1loidtgtd by II II Kpi[pl falifo1llia

1hpllrtllllnt of Agrlculturc

2 ~rEcHNICAL BULLf1rn J94 u S DEPT OF AGHlQULTUlUltJ

bull

bull

1IGUIn l-~lap of lHlifolllin swwillg til( (l)lIllties ill which the raisin llJOth OCellIS

acmg-tS about 10 inehl pel year and nearly all elops ale gIO1I by ilTigatioll At FI(sno the normal daily maxilllum tllIlp(Iature in July is lOOQ Ii III midsllIlqnel mllximum tellllWlatures often lx((((l lOOdeg but rangtly l(aeh UO Q Helatic humidities lind wind eloeitiesbull

tle low

HISTORICAL HEVIEW

Hphe~ti(J jigulilflla (Iig- 2) was dlstlibed in 1871 hy Glegson (20) from specim(IlS eollld (tl i II a a llhOllil ill Li erpool l~IIg-la lid Blcaus( thigt gt()((i(s 1lgt(lllbllH othl1 clos(ly 1llahd lIloth lIlitakl1I bull iltientifkations han Lwell C01l11l101l and plohably SOIlll or thr pllhlihcd

Unlit 1111111111 ill palPlllhp l(t(I hI Til 111 IIIP (iilI p1

bull

bull

bull

BIOLOGY OF THE RlSlX MOTH

1e(OL([S of host lI1ateLials alid of distribution ate ellOneOUS To aiel in identifying melllbers of the gplieslia group induding H fiouZilclla keys ila n been made a vui lable by (mIun (9) an(l 11100e leceutly by Richards and Tholllson (8) The lattel authols have assembled the following list of synonYlIIs Epltelia jIoulilcllct Glegson (30) E fi(uellit HUlldt (U) E lIIilleri Zlller (]8) Is desueteht )[eyrick (n E kiUwiella Hiley (not ZlmiddotlllI) (Il) j flguliella Forbes U8) H fiouella CUIIaIl (9) E c(llo8ella TUlllti (35) and E eJllelStillella Turati (3a)

TllP illlll witers stated that tile speeits had IH~ln lolltllsed with EplLNlht atjlalella (1(n) E ((lUdefa (11 g cllutellct (rllu) and N ~iiJlliell(l Zell Eall in tlwit work Oil this illSlct in (alitOlllia Simmoll alHl HeNt (M ~) Ilf(rlelt to it as H (lUtella

III the (OUIse of their exalllinations of lIIuseUIII speeilllPns Uichalc[ all(l TllOmson (8) (rified tilp followillg gtographieal s(lurtlS of 8ptestill tIllilllla British 1lps (entml EUIopc West Aflita (01111shybin) Algelia (~I(IHtica SYLia 1Isia India and ((gtylon lhee lIrt rlfelpntPs t1S() 10 (oll(etiolls made in )(adeila (1) Hawaii (o) (allada UJ It)) lIstlmiddotalia (idolia) (J) Trinidad (2) Colombia (il) bull bullJalllaiea (JU) Eypt (]1) the (anary Islallds l7) aml the nitpd StallS liS)

Most 1(gt(OIds of tlH O((lIlIClllP of till spe(ies at widely Repamted points lpf(I to illf(statiolls in SltHCll [llodudS Thcse Illaterials inshy(IudI n (an~o of eotton(l(1 (akl lAtlllOll 2) driC( 1middotlIit East Afliean (Oln Hlld parth IIl1t (LatliY1l8 ttl)IO~ll~) (Za(ill1 il) lleao bltlHl (Kilnpp 2) t ea Igo of riel fodd(l Illea I (Seha flIit j()) dalls (Shafik J) (llrlltllts and figs (BanmiddotpH fi) (ashe ketnels (Zaeh(gtr J7) oatmiddot l1lPlll (hittPlldrlI 8) ~lHP(s ()(a(kie J) and pea(1l pits laquo(Jrclory d tI 10) TIl(gt SPlcips nrOl)lllll Illai n ta iliS i tse If ou t of dools t h10 IIUhmiddot out tltt Par in lU~pt ShaH ]1) and Australia (Allstral Counltil Sei n Ild Inti IISJ(~1) bull asi t ha hi tlla 11 y dolS ill Ca I i fllln ia

Aside fronl til( data inlllIltild in this bulletill and ill a seli(R of 11IogTtSS rtports that han PLNCtiNI it (Hames et al (0 Donohoe and Harllls (n If)) DOllohoe d t (rn Kaloostian d (1 (1) SillllllOIlS and l)ollohl( (M)) oilslrnltions of Eplie8tia Pfutiella app(r to bl rhol (If -tltatlIit (]11) Ill dPR(Iiw till habits of thegt sp(I(ili ill ric( foddll 1lIld in Gelnla lIy lind out I i lied eont IUI l11lamiddot

lIlmiddotlS

4 ~ECFLICAL BULLETIN l01) 1 S DEP1 OF AGRICULTURE

TFCHNICAL DESCRIPTION

AnclJr-Tunguo (Ielelope(l bnsnl p(ll[ion scnled Lahilll plllpus llpcurcd l(nchlng IlfgtlIlly to lenl of top Of head tlotlletl with ap[1rC~llld seales upicllI Slg-mllIt l)ointed Maxillary IJalpus tilifolm Autenllll of male with Uw shuft bullswollen fOr l short l1istnll~e flom baSal segment shortly 1Il1b~scellt antenna of fell1ule simple Fortwinl tlongate nllllCm- with costn slightly cllln~1 toshywurd np(X Hnd (ill IIInle) with a strong fold 011 un(lerside nt base of costa endosiug two tufts of long hai rlike seales veins 3 u lUI i absent vein 10 fr011l the C(II vein Ie abslnt Hind WillI with (in 2 from ll pll IJefollJ outl nugle l nUStlIt 3 null [i couuat 01 Closely approximate uusalI~ 8 fls((l with 7 for its eutlle ICn~lh hlTolHl tell Ie IlleStnt cell 8holt oul~ slig-htl~ mol) thun one-third as long liS willg a Cringe of pl(tell 011 10(I~ ll1llian Ylill lit base In nlUle nllot1wr [uft of hnit$ Oil bast or nill 1( flllIl1ll11l1 oE ftllIale simlle (11 sillgle stlolll ~Ilillc L

Color of ~or(gtwing light (lIUU 01 drub gray showing ullllel IIllIgnllienlioll 1111 IrrNullll dusting o[ lillkish s(all malkillgs ohs(tlrt tlanSIIISl 111[lshyIIIldial lill( wlwll distillguisllllhle 1HlIrll stllligilt ami Ipry slightlr (Iallwr thull the glOllll(l (0101 illllieatNI (hiplly hx SOllll plIIl SIUlllillg 011 illgt jll11lr 1I1l1rgill slIbtllllIillal lill( lIelllly al)wllt whill (lI(gtSClIt Ycry fainr the pale hOlder 1I10llg Its illll(l~lIl1l1glll sOllletilllPS fuirly dlSlillct It [Jllir of obsclIle (Ilrk (liseai dots lit outer Plld of cpll sOllie PIY faillt (1I11k sealing at tht~ veill ll(ls along tpllIllr diia IlIIltl thull glul1l1d coloI of willg til( (lIl1s of til(gt scalls di8t1I([II whitt Hilld willg whitish s(gtlIIihYlllilll with II lIalrow blllk linl alollg tlIItIPI ali(I SOliI( 1lIstom shallillg on the Ieills and the api(JJi Cilia lind ill Ihe cllstal IIlla hPIWlllI (JltI Hlld lIPPPr Ieill 11 ((11 allll ein 7 ill til(gt mal( unsnl IhirLl of (ostal HIPHbNw(ln l()ltUI ami ((II uellald with ~cliow H(gtX Ilaling (ilin IIlIln shulillg to rlliowish whitp fit ann allgl( 01 willg

joiglith aiJdomillal spgnwlIl or Ill I with tOIll poll I 1(1 lalllo-liolial scal( tllft 011 (ighth SPglllPllt (pI I Pl

Iale gpniUllin (pI I I-b) with aillenl [llons or gllathu widlI~ 8(1111 Ia 1(gt(1 lath(r shor( ItIHl lIlHlly stlnihr lrall~tiila ~olll(liell hut with ils (itlIItlIl wNlldy ullitpil itt theiL IIllit~ a silort lIIoiJlik( Intllal Inh( frolll IltJIU JPlX of teh pIPIIIlIIt 1IHII with (uita SlllHlgly (lpllltiro slightlI IIIollll(ld It tllWX Hilt Ililh II hlllg tlhitII(gtpotIllPtlillll (oHlal IJlOIltioll AnpilllS I bullIIfIlO ~middotiIrolir((1 hUlld pHlUnily (IHinlillg- thl apdtagltIH Hilt plodllcpd 111110 IntplalIy illfo It pnil of hnrt spHlspll hailId lul)( YillPululII (Iollgalc-tli shyIngulal t(gtIIIIII111 Illargill 111111)(1(lt1 _ptI(middotagll~ sllnight Utppling 1I100IpllI(gtIS S[Ollt PPIlI~ hpnrlllg l lIIall (ltIltlll of tinU(IItd (tlll-ptl ~1I11H ill(llHIld in I lILOt irP(i alld IIli IIklpli lIPI

1lIl1lh ~(lIilalil Ipl I () ith 11l1liikl (all luft al tll( gllIillll IIJ)llIillg Sigilli n sPIi of I to 7 pindlp-hql(t (itrolirt1 plnlP spI 011 Pel ill Ih( hlllSI tulsa (Ollllllltlix with n ciOII( lillslmiddot(gtI of short IIOIli IiPloiirld tllollIlil lim at llll(gtliul plld SilllillL ~ill 1111111(1 ill a hII11I spimlillg lilt dlllrII 1111111 Ol IIPUtl hall its 1llIgllt frolH ils jllll([loll Wilh hllla DIIIIIIS (Illillaii tlOl1l IIPUI lIIitldl( of ilulsI Collar (pi r H) of (iglll) alHI()lIIil1l1l lPglllPtit (1(1111elPInlirld

1XILTlOl (IV lrII L~middotI lIunt gPllitalia 01 moth wilh IIciftgIlS alld 0111 IIHIJl ollllllpll IJ rllllthus ( tlulIslilla 0 all lllls ~ IIpdpllglIS P tllftH 1111

lightlt 111gt((011111111 lglllllI( of Inal( 0 rllIa)e gllIilaiia or lIIolh I-pnllnl Ihw H ((111111 or pightll Ihlolllillal (IIItH of 1(11111( (loJlsnl I-i( r [lIlJla (1111111 I-Itll Ii hltllllplIlp (If InlrH lalllnl Iipw Hhollil1 (ial fllIallllIHnl I~ Iwad (apilll or In II dUIsal it sltuwillg In) tllIHIIgPllwllr Jr (I(leltcis of aigtclolllinni prol or 11I11a r (tul map or IIIulhOlII(i( nllll IIIPsoihnllIj( SlglHlIls aIH) (hitc pig-htl 1III(Iulnih IlLlClplllillal llllnis of lanI Expllllllllioll of lYlllbl- lJlpli tl to llIiw lin III 111(gt1111 1(( 1 forkpd 11(1i(1I1 11ICI(~s of 111 tilOS 1( hlllsa ((lIllishylatrix Vii durll~ hulll Ilfi liigilnll JlI(HPiS 110111 (usIa ot halp( J)s (tWIllS mlnIIi- Sil i~lIn ill bursll lollllntljx or (111111( 1 1I11(ns 111 lillClIllllll Imiddotgt(plunalioll of jlIlh()l ttppHld to pllPIl II nnlplllIIl (1O 111111 u])(Iling 11 pils iulillIlll~ nrtwhlllPllt oj illItolinl lIIIIlS or poundpilnnilllll II j[lIIl1r of IHolhOltli( Ig f I bull lflZliIYlpit(I (1lt1 g(llitnl OIWnin~ 11_ ptol htJlt1(j( hg- 12 IIWotllllll( lomiddot~ 11 IIwilllholai( 11 11 IIIIlllIl11 III InhlllJ ptiPIIS 1111 Illaxilllll~ palpl1s I[r lIH1xilla It pillllI ~ i(tllpll1lld PYCllilIIIi [PI win 4 Hl fOllllh [0

111111 IIhdOlllillUl (gll)(III- Iplllllll[ioll I ~lIlhol npplipd Itl Inlal IWlld 0111111]( J I 12 11 Iii 1110 nlld 11111111111(gt 01 1llllpliO JIolllll of ppitllIuilllll bullItlf Itl Idf adllolllll splI 1111(1 11111([1111 of (flil)lllIillll1 I 1)_ lulflOIlIl1

5 BIOLOGY OF rHE RAISIN ~LOTH PLATE I

bull

r~ ~ H bull

1 j ~ 13 Ib

II L middotmiddot1111

z~ ~ J IIh IIgt

u

1-tc l~

---_~Y it

11~

v ~l 110

III III

111

1 HI

IV ~ lO- i ~ vIv V

~

IV 11 IVin middotmiddot VI vI 1 - VI

Z VI

bull 11gt VII -11 1U ~ - middotVIl A - m lIl ~1 1 ill Mil

TI Til N AlII AVIII AX HnWUilll lIlwil of lIIl tHllllt In rrn n11( llllpll of Npl(wl io filIIlildlll Gr(middotg

6 TECHlCAL B(LLETIX 1)1)4 U S DEPT OF AGH1ClUICRE

sntun of (Ilielnnilllll El H IllhIol1ll1 SItl( Pl Fa tlllItal fwtl IIno IlllllCshyttll P( flou [1 IC lat11i1 pta tIHI 1111l1(lln of (pilIalliulIl IN IllllgitutIshyIllnl Iid~p of (piellllilllll 01 O Oil Oil IIPapound nnll PIUIltlll( of oCIIIlI glOllp of (tliIallillll 11 I 1( Ill lltllap aIllII1l1lllIUII of 1I11IPliol gTOllp nt (piellIshylliulIl -()l NO NOl NOI Hlal IImlllltl(tllll ot UUII((llal gTOU[t lit (pit-mlliulll

Alai (xPnIlS(lI10 17 mill 1111 (1111 1-X) middot-ll()rl~ wlli tl Irg alit 11IgtI(g IWIIllIlI (Io(II(ts (If libshy

tl(llll i11111 IllO I IgH IJioldiull Hud 1IIj)lIglmiddott ill a ((JIllplll(i Iill~ IIIillHIII Im olll~ tl1 whiP Oil IlIpi 111(1111 I llthillti of prot 11 II la x 1 llItI r 11J[IIoXiIII1Ii 11)(1 1I11l1 till lIillI(ll 111 1II(hlll1i 1111 I H(gllHlIl 1 to S 011 till 1II(I(middotllIlriIl~ H() UllIIH IV 1wlllw 11111 II trill (wtlad It HIII lloth splal lIolllIaly 011 II iiill~h PIT smull pilllllulIlIll alHI IIIIlII 1111111 of II plli(111 lim 1l1(lII~h thl pishyIl(h Oil liglltll uhllolllillul -1g11I(111 IY nlllHlt dil(t1~ lIl1l1ud of II laquo1(111 ti~l( (IIIklI 11Igll)(III((1 Iilll (l(il(lill~ till illhplllp 01 ~tH I II 011 1lI(lltholIIX IIIHI II Silllillll dllg (IIIil(IiIl~ till 111)1(1 of (ill III 01 i)hlll ull(lolllilll1 gtiq~ IIWIlt 011 uillllI ah(olllillul PIIIIIII pial 1 1I11(~IlIr UPlllllxillIalp ulld III II -ill)II i1lIk pillI(IIllIl1 glOlI11 I I hi~N(l1 1111 (i)hlh alld lIilllh nhtlolllillul 1~IlHlIt dOIul tllhI(I dnlkll pi)lIlllIiP(1 lIolltolHt hilhl dili(Wd tilOIlII 11I01l III 11 shuilllI with hlll(ih 111gt(1111lt lIIHipli()II~ allll lIilh it 1i1I1middot ish 111[ (Ill IllIll ~i(l Iilt (l1I lltI( IIJ Hilt II IIH I lIilld YllIowih

lI(lId Ii10 II II IIpally ~qllI( ill oullillP li(1I11I 11(1111 IIhol( Hilt Iight Iy widll tlllllI IOllg (pI I I) 11111 (11 III( lInlllIgt or Rnl(~ruJ u Ilitlp IClll(I thull Wilh 1(1Hlillg to IIliddl or 111((1 110111111 Il1l1(WIP (Fa IIIgt rc)~lthll ali(I Il1I fOlI1I11 o~ flollllll f1flll (1 ( tIOlit II I IIIIlIl (Info) 1I11llin~ 101l)il 1It1 i 1111 I Iiclgp (H 1 l1I hlhill( Illiddll nl hllI(1 EllillHllill lttll und PlllIlIIIII liS li~shytlltd lpl I Ii Id 1I1111Iilll 11111 (I 1 I) 1III(lgld ill 1111 olillllC 1I11~11 III IU[II 1(1 1 POI(Iiol io 1111 I IlIllll~iclI W 1 ) 1I11lIoxilllatp (tll I Oil th 1(1(1 01 ptlL Irl IIml IHIIilld th Illl 0( I~I ltI( 0 01111( u((II1 III i II II IiIII (1(11i 11111111111

1IIIgth nl Inllmiddotgll11I 111111 lH to 1 111111 PlP (pI I I) ---(lIdplalllytolll SlI1ooth li1itpll jllIgtPIII nll( (11 dl

(lolwII Iaxillalr plilpi 1l11iiPllI Luliiul IlIlpi JlIlS(1I1 l1l1 lII~ 1111111 110shy1111l1I(il 111(1 IIIlUItI]lIUIi( I(~ 11111 1~Illlllill) (([111111111 1111111111 ltlIll1tlllld I~IshyDiPl IIl1d lllltlnllll LlllIIII11 flonto(IIp(nl ullll IIIHI illYIIginlllillllllt for 1111-triU HIIII of tpllfOliulll IhlIllr ill(iIal(( llaxillap 1XIPll(lill~ 10 lIilhill a sIIolt IIlIIlIHl i1ol1ll till 01 ill~ 11IIill~ olllr I ~1II1111 oltioll I IIIPIItlola(il h~s (X IlO(( ill~ 1~I(ndill 10 andnl Inllill (It rOIIlh 1IIIIIIIIIIilllll f~IIIlIIt llItathIllIliI IIl1d IIIPSOlholali( h) alld al1l(l1l1l1( Ixlpllllin~ 10 tipl or ill~f 1-(11111111 ut llllthollIlc Ip (XIIltI(1 (IIllIatll ahlII (IIulal splal IlIodshy(Ill tll~ IUII~ haillikl wi I h Il1liI (11(1 (1111(1 1)1 hllo(II (11 itll II lid II nil I 0PIIshyill) litlikl ill linth llX ipilII(II lIlallr lilllIll1l ull(lllig-htlr 1))[)IIIIe1ill~

LplIgll1 117111111 width I til 111111 HI~II(IS-~1IH ic)I(~uilig dpltIIiplion or tIl( 1111111 IInel (111111 hOlllel ielllIi

Ih(liI II h(llIlIitl~ 10 t hI 8111tc~Iil gIOIlJl Illn will II(I[ 11( 1111 plliti( il(111 iiimiddot 11 i1oll ~t 11 hm 1111 IU na(tolr (lIlnlllI- 101 Iii IrPlllIliuli II~ IIII Sf IIn I epIIltil ~p((il ill tlllit lallul 01 pupal Ila~I IUIhlIIl UII( (holllshy11 [28 PloiI~id 10 fillil gtigllifilulII lIiIIIl(I- UIIIOII IUIIHP ulllI IIIIIHII lit 1111 (If IhI SPlliI 11111 I hl~ d IIlll 1111 10 hold I)(pl 101 (I((ulltiOlla I lIl(illl(n alit IlItIIII IInl 110 11Ix1ll1011lil allll 111( H(IIII (111111 amI illl1nllJ IIf litflllildill HIP (lsily distill~lIi1I1d fro III all ol1l1 lIIYlitid1( lIy Ilipir gttllitnlil

LI FE H ISTOHY

FEel I)ITY l~ LOGETry (II nllr hCl BTIO~ ~n FlmTIIITY OF EGGS

L[aib of th( lift hi(olr of tht Iai-il1 Illoth WPI( olJ(aillld ill tlte labolttol b ollPIatiol1s Oll IIlalllL pail of I1l0th or 111011 Hl

(olllilH(i ill ((lIlIloid jak -UIlII of 11ll pailS (1( gi(1l dillllld hOtH OtI()s llIvi(ll a(pI Tltl liquid- W(It dip(lIsld ill glass

j1H~1 1lmd lind 111111 1111 11111 111(1011111111 Hlld pnpat iOI1 1111( lllldl II ()lt n tHlOIl rIlIllrlr hilllllilti I a illl

bull

bull

bull

7 1ll0LO(Y OF TIlE HI--IX IOTII

fpltI- IllllWddld ill IH I-( Ill ij Il~ n dp-(IilJld hy igtoll(lllop (11)

bull Tin llIillutl ~(lllptlll(11 wItit (g~ (lig ) PIP ItgtPOilld luoely 011

alld Illnl I Ill Inisill to whieh Ihl did uot adllllP ~illl Ihl IIlolh giPII wal(ll PIP ()Itllwhat 11101( j)Jolilil thall lhu~l ginll ~)-PIIllllt hOIII (JIlIt iOIl -)Ill datH 011 t h( 100II11I group HI( [lIISPIIIld Jlln

(w(lIly-lin pail h(ld al lOOIll IllIlJLIatllll ill lIgllsl hpllIIIlPI tilt (klebll plmlll(pd all anIal or d lg of hi(h i1 IHIllII1 IIntllHd Thl tolallllllllhlI or lS Init h illdiidllal flt1IIlp IHIIld 110111 Z(IO 10 (iI~ 11loiplbitl(Il (ldp(-ilioll Hlld p()~I()middotipllitioll

bull

IIitd~ a lraI1 11 I=Ui al1 day Till IIIdl linl 1111111 HII shy

of 11 dt I II nlll twill III ~ tla tlld I Ill 1IIIIa 1( fIll illI lUI ()I 11( da t11lmiddotIt1I1(Illill IIIi tla

11ltliIIl [If till l ill all [lIlllllalol lit to I V llqllilld all il ral (I I 11 till 1 middotil h (llIIIIl () r j I II Ii dl ~

~lIl1l III lbl i~Ilill IPIoJ(l~ 11 hoYIlilllilllp I DIIIIII til

IlIlIlid ()(Ilt I t11ldlla till 1111IIHIllllllmiddot ill till Inlllllhlly nlIgd i101l1 IiI 10 F

IhItIlImiddotIE r ()F 11 110 11 11111-

illlliyidllal bllp (1( IIlI(d ill a~1 ill(llhnlol II ~~ middot-1 F

~1I~ ImlllHd lal(I 11[11 Ild 1IIIJ(Ilt~ or pllly tli(d IIIlIIHII fruit TIII 11111 (uldillld ill (pllllioid j] IIhidl 0111 or I Ill lIlt 11111 f)owhflP) hnd flllllld to 11 11101( rtOIthll fOllhl plllHN tlInll inl

bull I~~ TIll 1111 lidHI of illlI 1l11d rlllIl1 10 Tltl nlnl1 1It111t11I of

ria lllpurld rill Inn1 dlIJIlIIIl1I1 l tiny IhlllIillillllIlI

8 rrECHNlCALBULLETIN 994 U S DEPl OF AGmCULlUHE

TAllLlJ I-Number of eggs 7ai(Z daiZy by je11laZes of pai1ed misin lIwtlt8 giventeate1

1 Dal of OvilJ08itionl NO Nomiddotl No No1 No NO No NO NO No 01 No bull ~____ _1~J__~~j~f~ 20 2ll-==-~~ 25

Otmiddott -I ~ ~ - - - - I I I I II I - 5 - - ~ 81 3 j ~ - I -_(j ___ bull _ I 5 0 05 bull i- I bull 1 7 - - 59 )1 O I I I I lL 30 (J4 108 7 I ~ I 9 I ~ 4middot1 -Ia (23 0 I - I 1

10 I 53 57 57 50 0 1 2 bull i II _ j 32 i 50 I I 30 Ito 0 RI 0 I 0

ot ~~h~~ 3~1~~i yen~1~31~gI5~ 7gq9 6B 1 3 I 14 0 ~ 24 I 37 12 37 I 40 41 35 15 31 33 22 12 j middot10 I (JI 29 00 51 82 10 _ R 2() 22 21 45 40 4R If 67 43 1 IL bull 1 22 I) 17 2(i 26 I 33 15 2R 43 48 lR bull 8 10 () lR 32 27 29 37 3middot 13 HI bull bull 1 ) flO i 28 I I 7 18 34 37 20 _ 2 2 2 1 0 i 1 5 5 I 2 4 21 _ 20 1 13 10f23)12 I iii 43 37 2~L bull _ 1~ 8 _ I I 15 7 0 (~ 18 23 _ 3 -I 3 ~ I 10 I 1~ l II 2-1 ~ 3 G ) ) 1 7 t ) 1i 7 23 l 10 ~ 0 11 ii 12 i2 I 13 10 2L bull O 2 j 0 2 0 0 r 27 _ bull ~ 3 I ii r ~ 0 I 10 1 [ R 28 __ ~ 0 i 3 I 2 0 12 ] 0 29 _ _ 1 bull j 7 2 o 0 bull - bull 1 0 5 bull31 _ (I) 2 a

x()~ Jz8-- g g 3 2 0 i 20

TotaL __ _ middot107 Ul2 lamiddotl 33R 0 2() lRO 35middot1 297 aS3 (i3 417

I )Inlp diNI FllIlll( diN

and till maximum )3 ltla- ~ PI(pllJ)I1 P(rio( of about 1 dn was the Iull TIll pupal stngp Hllillll IO (lny with txtllIl1S of and 12 da~s 1gt1lIOPIII(II1 flOIll hntlhinl to lnHmiddotI~Pl1(P 1(l(lIlilld flom gt1 to In dass 01 a 11 nY(Ill~( 01 ~ da s

Re(ol(h of thp ((lloPIIWIlt ofu indiddllals that hntclwd in TlIlle arp uinnill tnbll~

The 1I10S sntisfadolT I1p(liutn 101 till mass Ipaling of raiin moths ill hl lallOlHtOl has tHpn 11I(1l of (loU n1Pal ZHlltl raisins ((ll Iallts) hOIll 11lt1 ghmiddot(ImiddotIOI 1~ltt1l11 pn imiddotts by Cight of h~ IlIpal 1I11(1 laisins llloisilII(d wilh n lIlixtlll( of eqllal palts 1101HY Hn(lllycllol nwch a Tanllal slow-dlillU nlixlllll which plm111Cld lal( larval At looni tlm(gtPlatlllCs ill slinillHI atillli- lnHIw(I in a nJitulpW days II Itpl Illwl laid tgls hnd 1)((11 illt 10I11Il(ll bull

bull

bull

bull

BIOLOGY 01 rlHE RAISIN l10TH 9

TABLE 2-Days 1equired for demiddotvelopment of laJvae and pttpae of tlte aisln nwth cd 83deg-84deg F

-------------------------------~~-----~l----~-----------Instar Hatch-I I

Iana IJanuJ Pre- Pupal ing (0

No 1 I I31~LJjj~ iod l~~i~~ ~I_~_~~_~c_~~_ 48

2____ bull _ i 9 _ 30 0 oilL bull bull - bull --2-1- ~l-T-l- 3 I 3t 4 2 s I 3n II

423- bullbull - 8 1 middot1 I 4 5 I 1 I I 30 2 0 4 __ bull 1 8 i 3 4 4 13 I _ _I _ 30 I 2 10 42

Ii3ng~=-I ~ i31 ~ ~ ~ ~ - II ~~ ~~ ~ Ig 41 42~~ ~ - I ~ I ~ i ~ gt~ - 30 ~ l Y 33~Omiddotmiddot------l ~ It ~ ~ I ~ I i9 -- I~~ ~i ~ ~ l7

t S l middot1 I 3 amiddot middot1 amiddot 2 1 I middot7 2 l I _I a Ii 22 middot7 - 1 iin 3 SmiddotI a 3 2 i ) 2 I 1 I middot15 7 a middot1 4 S i )(j I l ag j bull n 1 10 I 30 1 I 10 41 () S34 a 0 ali I 10 42

4117 samiddotImiddot1 12 30 i 21 1()I ]S- S3 ~I i)13 - 31 _ to 43

31) I middotmiddotI a 7middot1 21i a j 0 20 ii 3 i a 3 a 8 )3 2 8 38

a8~21 -I middot1 middot1 middot1 2 II 2R ) 3722 iimiddotmiddotmiddot I 26 2 I

23 6 3 3 3 a1 I 4a 872 7 - 3 middot1 S 2middot1 2 1 1

THE HAISIN MOTH 01 FHUIT FARMS HABITS

A1thollgh in California laisin lIIoth lanal are most eident in LOCfltions where dliedfruits nrc coll(ontrai(d in storag(l the species is prilllllrily a )()lllan(nt out-of-doors rcident 011 fruit farms In storages there is some r(infesiation but the raisin moth does not do (]1 on -fruit thai has U1Hlcr~one t he changes that long storage brings abont After the ini(tatiol1 hroulht in from the field reaches mashyturity the population dwindle lIntil by the following summer it has beltome corupatnthe]y SI1HlllD lruit that is bling dried in the shade 011 the farms wh(rcit is produced is in n condition most -favolllble to tll( c1cnlopm(lnt of raisin moth larvac

Ill( diet of llIvae of Ephcwtia ftldilella on Califolllia farms (DonohoI IIHI Bnrnes 10) includes neady all the fruits grown thereshyIi pC gTa PlS and rH isi nH Hs on t hl~ IlOlllHl and tUl(0111 man I) on the t IPS anIl fa Il(n p(ll(htgts ~I pri(ns I1Idarin(s jlllIIWS plums a ppleH P(IIS cherries oqulis anel mulb()Th~s (Donohot (t a1 11) Luue haTt bN~n found in wild fap(s Iall(n dales dat(s on the palms jujube ull(l almonds

mOIl UlOi1 who hilI (ontributed to th( study of the fied origin of raisin moth illf(gtstlltOI1l lire W D Reed lIld A W )Iorlill 11

10 fECFLgtICAL BGLLEl(N 91H U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

Luge populations were frequently found in some of these foods Howeel wate fruit exposed to tile high temperatures sometimes lol0 F or highel that occur on the surface of the glOlllld in the snn bull ii lIot likely to ue infested

LtllTtHIOf the rahin moth damage drying flllits by feeding 011 the surface and tunllelin~ through the flesh In theitmiddot wake they leave excreta and weubing Much of the feeding on raisi1ls consists in chewing the crests of the ridges but pits an formed also Newly hatchetllatmiddotrae often (nter raisi ns ilt the cap stem or pellicel by which the berry is attahett and as theinseets glOW they may penetrate to the se(ds Extminal ion of 12176 tnisins in 28 SHlIIplls tolleded frOlll the field and held in the labOlalol until thl insee(s lmltl Ieathed or passed thefuLl-gIowll lUIval stngl Illdicated that nbout 20 Thompson SeNlIess 20 Sultana antI f) )[lIseit lHiins WPll fed UpOll by each larva dllling it denlopllllllt

bull

FIGIH~ 1- ~ middotPllmiddotglmiddotUWII III nll flf lilt 11 isill Il(lt II II nd r((cling i IIjlll~ 011 II glllllt l X il) thulogllIpll by courtlY of (lIlifomill J)(llllrtllltllt of AglmiddoticutIllmiddot

Attaek on (Ityi ng (ut frll its-p(aelws a prie~)t li IIP(la Imiddoti IIPli a nd pears that HIe halwd Iwforp bpillcr spread on Imv fol dlvillft-is usually lIlndp in lIPi(lS of the dri~1 (ut surfu(e In figs feedITg ili all1lostmiddot wholly ithill til( IWmiddotlplaell a ]gtrotNtNl ellvitonnwnt tlequentlv l11adp 1110tl SltlIr( with II ])anipr of silk SpUII by 111(gt lana aerOS5 tile l)l of the fruit (lmpps arp glIHndly attaeid at tlw eap SiPlll but Itllal lIlay plllltrnt( til( 111Ibroklll kill at otlter points (fig 4)

WhCn thly han finishld retding the lalI( Islall~ Ipttngt the host Ilahrial and ~lek a tight dry dark loeatioll in hie-h to pupate In middotinpnllls nwny lanat hidl llld(tmiddot the rough bt1lmiddotk of tlw vim trunks within a foot 01 t w() of till glOulld bill a gnatpr numbll pnht the soil blnPtlth th( illl and pupate IlPar the slllmiddotfalmiddote Tn fruit onhards wpH-gloWl lalTal pas the winlpr in the tOil + inlh(s of soil whele inf(-INl wast( fnllt was pIes(nt in the fa I Lnnae that are not wCll grown ill the fall rarely survive the wintel bull

11 BIOLOGY OF THE RAISIN MOlH

POPULATIONS IN HOST MATERIALS

bull Examples of henv) infestutions of raisin moth lurvae and pupae fOllnd in various food materials are ghen in table 3 The figures were obtained by examining weighed samples of ftuit and calculating the number of larvae and pUJ)ae J)er ton The insects were removed from raisins by vigorous shakmg m n sifter (Donohoe lfa)

TABLE 3-btfestatiollS omisin motk larvae aJul pupae found in various ltits on fWlns

--~--------------------------------

Average inshyfestationDate Sourcc per ton

(oalculated)

Numbertf)82 1illt-crOl fissioll figgt all ~roulld __ ~ _ _bull 492900Sept 20 Firt-crop lission fi~ burled by cultivation bullbullbull 440000 First-crop lissioli fi~H 011 ~round _ 372500Oct-L liirilt-crop [ission figs buried by clltivation 138 100

1938

bull

Oct IlL CaiilllYlllll fig On ground after harvest 85800 3Q I Adriatic figs on ground after harvest _ 89400lItS lc Santa Hosa poundII llIlS bull - 902000

Aug 10 bull Waste apricotgt on grountL _ 52(j4000 Waste nectarines on groulld bull _ _ 294400

JUIIO (j Fallen llIulberries _ _ 1024000

1~6 1Sept 21 bullbull Thompsoll Seedless raisills 011 woodell traybull 116400 ___ ______L__________ I _____

There is It period in the spring when food for larvae of the raisin moth is SCIllCe Dllling this plliod the species would suire It set-back if it werc Ilot f01 the pre)ence of llIulberries In 11)34 19351936 and Ugt37 fallen ll11llblIries ele foulld on April 9 May 5 April 14 lnd May 4 respectively Emergence ot the spring brood of adults in Htorages hud begun during those YCUIH bv April (i Aplil 25 AprillJ and MIlY 4 Sillce little ()r no other hot matelial becomes available until the filst part of ne when eurly plums peaeheR alld figs begin to drop it is lvilt1ent that llIulblllies are important in the life of the raisin moth Man) lurge trpes Chiefl) useful for shade are to be fOllnd in the Sun Joaquin Valley One suney of about 3 square millS in remo County repaled the presence of 347 mulberry trees Large quantities of fmit go to waste under thefie trees Under a tree that cOel~ld an Hlpa 33 fpet in diamet(gtl it waS estimated that there were 530 pounds ot dry mulberries On the other hand some trees bear little 01 no fruit Table 4 records the populations estimated to lw l)lpoent undel It trlein Tulal( County t101ll ~ray 14 to August 2 IMO

bull Thl prlSII1((l of miin moth latvIH in bunches of grapes that wers

d(l(lYNI andfplIllenteli-a (ondition sometimes (ulled bUllch rot-led to a ~ltspiti()n that thiB inBe(middott WitS liuglllY INPOIlSibl(l fm till tlouble Thifl t 111 of Hpoilall was HtlldiNI ill 10)8 il) and 1)O hy Ka looslia II

12 lECHNICAJBULLETIN 99middot1 U S DEPl OF AGlUCULlURE

llUE 4-g$timateil raisin moth populations 1tnder a mUlberry t1ce 1940

bullAverage per Total underDute square foot tree

Number NtlmberiVTay 14___ _~_ bullbull ~ _ _ bull __ bullbullbull ___ bullbullbullbull _____ bull __ 21 0 59 367

24 ____ bull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbull __ 209 0 590 843 0 bullbull _

31 _________ bullbull ____ __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ___ bullbull __ bull 136 0 38middot1472 JUliO 7_~ bullbull ___ _ _bull _____ bull _0 ___ _ __ _ 548 154 728 14 ________ bull ____ bull ______ bullbull _bullbullbull ___ bull ______ _ 720 203 544

21 ____ bull _______ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbull _____ _ bullbull _ 505 142 763 28 _______ _ _______ _ bullbullbull ____ _ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull _ 480 135 696

July 5___ bull _ _ _ _ ___ _bull _ _ _ bull 61 0 17244712__ bull ___ bull __ bullbull __ __ ___ bullbull _____ __ 445 12580118_ _ _ _ bull __ bull __ bull ___ _ bull __ 230 6502126_ _ _ _ _ _ ________ __ 6 0 16 962

Aug 2 ____ _~ _ ____ bullbull _ _______ bullbull _ bullbull __ _ 15 4 240

et al (eJ) Altificilllinfestiltioll of bugged bunches showed that black mold und othe lllicl)-orgauisms grew readily on the pulp exposed by ltuval feeding In 1939 larnle establishee1 themselves on all bunches thnt had been ba~ged and infested on and IlfterJune 30 Of about 5000 clusters of gmpes examined in 1940 1t1 percent showed spoilage Only 15 percent of the spoiled bunches showed evidence of lI1isin moth infestation The evidence justified the conshyclusion that the leading cause of bunch rot was exposure of pulp by bull clushin~ and crnckin~ of benios from ctluSes incompletely understood infestatIOn by the raisin moth being usually of a secondary nature However the ability of l--pltesti(t figuliZelZa to maintain itself on growshying grapes tends to increase the population of adults present when the Orapes are being dried and thus J)rOlllotes attack ul rrtisins

The extent to whIch lHtt~ eady p UlIlS (nnbibute to the increase of the Laisin moth wllsiulstigatetl in 1)3l lind 1)40 Samples of the fullen fruit both natural ehops twd pickers CllnS were collected A maximum population of 204000 pel acre not including larvae that were parasitized was indicated on July 24 1939 Because wellshyripened (lLopped plums fttvorable for Ituval development were not abundant unti the latter part of June it was evident that plllllls middotwere less importilnt than mulberries fiS early-senson hosts Emergence of adults from the HHO crop was prolonged and was still in progress from (he early Beauty variety in August althollgh the crop was harvested from )fay 2 to June 1

The supply of misill moth adults (middottpabltmiddot of tauHing severo inftstashylions in dryillg middotfruits is alwllYs plelltiful beeallse of the variety and abundall(c of wastl- flUih 011 farms The infestation tends to i1shycrefise as thc fLllit L(gtInaiIlH 011 stnckl(l traYH 01 in boxes 011 the farm as indicated in table 5 Samples were taken (1) flol11 trays that were abont to be stacked for fUlther drying in the shade of fntit that had been partiiLlly dliNl in the Slln (2) when the fruit was boxed at the completion of drying in stacks and (3) after storage bull on the farm premises ill open-topped boxes sl10rtly before the fruit Was delivered to the packer

13 BIOLOGY OP THE RAISlN M01H

bull

bull

bull

rAUL 5-Raisin- moth infestation in apgticols peaches (wel nectwhW8 sampZecl atel diffeJent pe1-iods 0 eWpoBtWe

AV()lag~FruitFruiL rime of slunpliug Samples iufcsLnshyhnlvcs Lion

lVlllIber Number Percent 7 700 2 J noo 20 J noo 50 5 500 o 5 500 57 4 400 80

13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77

Examinations or fruit samples collected on farms lmve shown that most of the small lurvae present in the fan nre killed during the winter In Muscat raisins examined OIl December 15 1933 the larvue thut were less thun hulf grown totuled 55900 per ton or S9 percent of the infestation By Feblllluy 1 1934 the number or these smull ]arvae hnd declined to -7500 pet ton Migration and mortulity had likewise reduced the number of full-grown htrvae dllling the Same interlll flom 7100 to 500 pel ton

ABUNDANCE AND SEAS0UL CUANCgS

To determine the abundllllce of overwinteling lllrVlte in villeYILrds late in the intel find eurly in the spring vines were stripped of burk with It masons ttoweJ nnd lurvile found were recorded In fldc1ition soil sllmples taken ftOIll meusllled arcus ugainst the trunks und along the rows of vines were examined by sifting them in the field with a treadle srftet (Donohoo 10) OL if the soil wus hellvy by Qringing sllmples to th( labomtolY and wnshing out the insects in It soil wusher Table (j shows the pt($(nco of rnthet low populations in seven yineshyyards surveyed in 1910

TB1JoJ G-Il---81imate(l populations of opeltlinl(ntllg laiJinmoth Zavae in S(1Jen vineyards Janllllly4 to Feblla1y9 1940

Lllrvlc per lIelO LllrVIlC

VineYllrd in Roil-~~~-lmiddotl~(~r-In soil ~ f

NUlliii I IIllier P(CCII 2(j1 a008 02

2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03

4 bull i 90n I 2 17i I 71 5 _ 2 129 3 I)lJI I (15( I Hit I 2539 OS7 ___ 1398 3U2 21

___ _~______~_L____~

14 lECfulICAL BULLETIN 994 U S DEPl OF AGRICULlURE

In a vineyard or the Zlmte variety of curllnt raisins as many as 100000 larvae pel altrc were found under the bark and in the soil on February 12 1934 The earliest pupation under batk was obseled bull in 1934 on March 22

Larlte are found under bark as late as June although in the spring the population is decimated both by overwintering and by parasitizashytion Examinlitions of vine trunks ill 1932 showed the following llumbets of Jiving huae and pupae per acre H4 on ~1arch 4 1709 on A ptil 4 1036 on Apdl19 1317 on ~Iay 11 41) ouMay 25 i and 207 on June 8

rite most favomble Ioeations for overwiuteling raisin moth larvae ull farms are vineyards and fig orchanls both of which produce lnt(shymaturing crops in contrast with apricot and peach orchards ~amshypiing of the soil of fig orcha rc1s has revealed that the hibelllating larvae are concentrated largely in 6-inch bands of soil Ittound the trunks of the trees In vineyards also lalae hibelllatp in the soil neal the trunks as well as in the soil along the rows

Liquid baits wele llsed to obtain infolll1ation about the spring cmcrgenee of adults theil relative abundancl in vatious loealities throughout the growing spaSOll and the time they stop flying in the fall (DOlLOhoc and Burnes 1u) The baits were exposed in 3-quart enamel saucepans 9 inehes in diameter supported among the foliage of illes or orchanL trees The bait was a fermenting solution conshytaining one-foUlth to one-half pint of ma1t sirup It sll1aJI amount of brelHlyeast and 2 qUHltS of water pel trap As a rule the baits were renewed twice a week

Flight of spring-brood adults middotas reeoLded in 1939 as parl as bull Apri I 7 and ppriisted Hnm about November Hi In 1932 emergence was at its peak about May 20 and in 193 about May 11 There was evidenee of three oedapping broods and a partial fOlllth In 1931 1932 llnd 1933 the high points of moth abunelanee for the year were reached late in September Ol earIy in October

Table 7 shows the eutct(S of Ephe8tia figulileZla anel other storage moths taken on fallns ftom 1931 to 1933 The dominance of the raisin moth is apparent

TABLI~ 7-Nelat i 1( abwldaJ1ce of I((isin 111 oth8 and otWI moths infestshying stoled food8 1(((11 ill nalt-8illljJ bait8 Oll (lJIIlN JDmiddot3-J[)J3

-~--- I Total --~ercnt- Pcrccnt-

Hpccies (ommon namc of inscct catch age of I uc of total IfC~1ales

BphesliCl fiUlllilelia Greg Huisitl mO~I~~~~~~~~-l ~3 480 - 90 ~~-I 4middot1 i BphesliCL ellilella (II bn) I Tobacco 1Il0lh ~ __ bull _~ bull _i 248 4ii I 68 1 lphestia kallllielia ZelL ~reditcrml1eun nOllr moth ] 78 32 42 9 BPheSIiod (oS 1g r ella 1__ - _ - - _ - - ___ _ _ __ - -t7 81 80 1

Hubt Plodia iJllcrpllnclclia IIndiall-IllClllmotL ----- 433 78 550

([[bn) I I PJfI[isjarifl([s (L) __ j oreal snout 1II0th________ 83 j 339 Tillli(l serra I ilill(Cln Hag Dried-fruil moth - _____~~i~~~~

11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI

BIOLOGY OF THE RAISIN MOTH 15

A general idea of the numbers of adults present in fig-drying yards wall obtained by counting the moths that rose from trays of fruit when the figs were disturbed The counts were made in the evening since the moths lire inactive during the day Some of the estimate) are shown ill table 8 Moths that were in the air at the time of the counts are not included

TAH1B 8- Raisin 1noth adttlts in Jllisson fig drying Ya1ds in the evening (estinuttlls)

ON 2y- IlY 6-Fool TRAYS

TotalSpread Average moths inDate trays in moths yard (calshyyard per tray culated)

Number Number Number Rept 151932 ____ _ 651 51 3 366211932 _________ bull ____ bull _ ___ 2 Hj 7 70 1664S 19a3 1____ __ bull ________ bull _____ _ 296 3 19 944

ON 2- by 3-Foo TRA 18

---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~

1 COl1cetiOllS Oil this date included moths frOIll Adriatic figs

Fipure (j sIl111mnizes information about the presence of the various host materials Ot the raisin moth throughout the year and pives some facts concelning its status in fall winter and spring BleedinK is (ontinuOllS from April when mulberries begin to fall through Noshyv(middotmller Low tempeltltnres and rains generally halt development late in NOember The larvae are dormant or feebly active from Deshy(poundll1ber through March during which time adults and eggs are absent out of doors Pupation begins in March 01 early in April

THE RAISIN MOTH IN STORAGES

FALL MIGRATION OVERWINTERING EMERGENCE

Con(entrations of dried fruits in commercial storages late in the fall after harvest offergoocl opportunities for the study of certaiu habits of the raisin moth Raisins are especially useful for this purpose beshyen uspound they arc usn ally stacked out of doors in the boxes in which they [11( l((poundiYecl frol1l growers As It rule the stacks are built on timbers laid on the ground and there is II root but little or no protection at tlH sicles or ends

bull Evidence of migration of full-grown larvae from the fruit to winter

quarters consists of deposits of silk webbing on the sides of the stacks und on the adjacent soil of actively crawling larvae and of larvae killed 01 paralyzed by parasites Larvae that have reached winter

16 poundECHiICAL BULLEIX 004 U S DEPl OF AGRICULJTJRE

bull

bull lIGUm 5-Cllltlt of lIostmnterials a1l(1 sPHsonal status of the Iaisillllloth throughshy

out the ~(nl

Cluarters may b( fouIHl in the top 4 inches of soil beside 01 beneath the stacks un(l(l foundation t illlbels loose boa llt1s pa pel 01 stones and in similar places Those that ent(l the soil 01 cmwl beneath timbers (onstruct mther substantial co(oons in ce1tain other locations as in the folds of paper they welwe n light protection of silk A few pass the wintel in the box(s usually against the sides 01 bottom

In the fall of IDH the peak of migmtion was reached on Odobel 2i llIoement of larval from the hoxls t11(1l declined until it came pracshytically to an end by Decembel 7

)101lalit of fuji-grown lanae during the winter depends largely 011 the location (hOSlll bv the insects This is intlicated in table n Only 13 ptIClnt of the laITae in a ellT lo(ation WCll found to be dead on )[alltl1 In 1D3G herlas 100 pelCent of those taken from a Ct II rCH PIP dlall

Small hrvap of Epluwtia figltlilellct that are present in raisins in -tomge stneks at titt lwginning of (old wCatlwl b((ome 1ll1l(h depletecl bull in numbers during the wintll A 1e(orlt1made from samples of IIlisins

17 BIOLOGY OF THE RAISIN MOTH

lABLg 1t-1Veekly ec01d of winteJ mortality of 1aisin moth larvae

bull

bull

bull

in an OUtd001 misitt stomge 1936

In moderately III In dry wcbbingIn wet soildry soil beneath timbers

DtlLe -------1 lll

_____ ___ 1 Laivfic [j[)~al-I~Lan Mj[al- Lllrlle Mj[i shy

Imiddottlmber Percent I Number Percent Number Percent Feb 13 bull 1 120 22 57 40

II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24

Mur5 __ 72 32 35 91 305 17 12 59 Ul 10 1001 43(i 17 lL _ bull _ 1 54 81 1 26 100 572 13 2fL bullbullbull __ f 6L 74) 26 1)6 167 30

I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l

I TlIeludcs 12 pll[llll 11 w(lIa(hunccd ill delloJ1C1it

rollected Oll )anmiddoth 18 H)35 indicated It population ot 1576 small lalae (less than half glown) pel ton only 30 percent oT which were alive

Miglation of fullmiddotgrown larvae in sealch of pupation quarters is resumed with the return of walm days in the spring This movement is compalatiyely light

Pupation and emelgtmce of adults in storage pIlmises in the spring no doubt are influenced by weather and by the location in which the hUTae passed the wintet In the spring of 103 records were made ill the labolatolY of t1I11rglIl((flolll (oeOons ICIIIO(( f1011l a misinshystorage shed 011 May 9 Adults u(middotgan to appear by May 16 but as shown in table 10 lmelgellCe was not at an end until ~ruly 2-1 About flO pet(ent (melgcd dUling the first 12 dlYS oT J nne The percentage of females was nbout -17

TllI~ moths tlmt develop flom oV(Iwintered larvae lue able to reinshyiestraisins to a lirnitcd(xhgtnt only Populations of lalvae in the rLllit decline to low lenls dUIing the summer after the yeal of produc-

TAIlLtl 1O-fimelgellce 0 l(li8in moths from oV(11V in terecl (OfOOlS J[))

-e~~-+- bull __ bull __ -shy1

roth~ roth [oth oths nlltt (In( r(- ])at( (Ullrg- natl CIllC-(- Dille lIIlCrgshy

illg ing illg lIlg - _-e__ _~ -- shy-~ -~- ~-~

umlia XIIllila lTIlllbcr NUlIlber [ay 15 0 [a) 2R 22 11111( 10 12 1111 ~bullbull l 2I

10 2 20 0 lL 10 1_ bull 1 2 Ii 1 JUril a 70 12 II 8_ I IS 0 40 13 a IL 1

18__ 23 Iii L 1-12 Li 3 22 1 21 ~ 40 July 1 13 2middot1 1

20 10 5~ middot17 1middot1 2 0

-

18 TECI-cICAL BeLLETlX ll) e s DEPl OF AGHlCeLlTHE

tion thp raisin moth b~ing leplarell as till dOlllillnnt spC(ief by the Slw-tootlltd grain beNI( (()Jzlephilll(sllriwlIlI1INis (I~)) lSillllilOIlS ft a J) Figs und PIUIHS HOIllNimps Iptain infpiibltionH longet than do 11 isins but til( tlllld in tll(e itll its lIso is tOW~I(J lowpr poPUlatiOIlS In~icots Illnelllmiddots Il(ttarillls and (llurs Ial(l al( foulld infestNl by the misin moth during tlil SliII 1flllI aHel hallSt

FUGitT HBITS

Information about tllP fIiht habits of tIl(gt ltlisin moth was obtained by llIeans or a rotHI 1l(1 ( BaIlN 11 Ill 1 i) opllahd ill a taisin ~t()mgtmiddot frOlll Aplil lmiddot~ to OdoiJl 31 l)H Ex(pptfor a few thy tll(middot appamtu was ill senh(middot da and night dllljng lhl (j~~ months ~s It nil till (atelHH lrl tal(gt11 f101l1 tll( lIet (aell lllOlnin but fil~ lPlips or sh()lt~intlIal (ollC(tiotlS PIP IlindC at night (Ill inHlds b(gtin ll)opd lilY 1) lIIinlltCs Th( IWt WHs 11111 ill a 12-foot einll at t spN(l of iiOI(olution IHi l1liII ut( at all p((atloll of aiJ(llll -~ -t(Pt

DlIlillg tll( HaSOIl misill llIoths (Oll1IHisp( Til PlI(Pllt of till -11111 moths lp(Otchd TIIlY 1(ndH( a slasolHd peak 01 a)lInlt1all(( )ehlln )lny lL and JHI( H whl1I thC lIi~hrlv (nt(l1ls aPIagNI middot~i)O() On niJdlts wlttll tllIl(JPIat III(S PIP laOabl( flight btgall about one-half IHHII afttl iillUS(middott Ill( malcs (1 aet in thllIUgholit till nighL bllt t lit flight 0 I till fllIlalls Yas (oll(lntlat(d IIIglly in the fi ISt flw hOlll5 01 dHIlwps Ill llloth did 1I0 fly It hllllwlntuCs Iwlo jjO F and f1iht was 11111(11 1Cstljetcd lwhn(n ) and (jO

Tnblt 11 shows till (aHllns (ateh nl Ill( njill moth and othel Illall l1loths that ill f(s stolNlloods

1111 1 I-Xu III )w oIllisill JI)tk~ ((lid flli] lIIotll~ 1(8pOIl~iJ7( 101 iltjINftio1 of OlU foors tfkelt ill It IO(uIld ill (I Ili~ill-8tO)((I (lld i If ZJJgt

1~)JIItsiz- Porlill 1 imiddoteJIr~li Blbr~lw Rullesin TotulI(outh fitIS inifr- ((IIl-HllfillUn dlit Ill klihltidf1 moth

rlifrllo Ii IInclclln IH()U~

-__--April I I m 1-i 0 () 033 11 PO 1 21 i Iar 12122 1middot17 in nln l03) n~1 i2 HI hll Hi lSI 1middotliI 10 2)030 aOmiddotla ))middot1 toaOS(i 1111 I~ SUI 1 Ii I I 0 I i(in t I Oi3 liO na 2(j(i AlI~IIt 20 2i(j 12ia [) 13 112middoti 12middot middot2 aimiddot1 middot-lllPlnIJPl I Olii sia () 237 t I (jlO (3 2i )middotS Oerot(I 13 )~j2 2()3 0 i) i21 an 2SIfiS

Tottl 2(j S tl I Hi 02 t2303 Ii sao I itt a12 (jOO

[n additioll to tlH lloth li-itp( in taiJl(middot 11 -illbslllllial poplilatinn~ of Jp(tlp ((llllillollly fOllllll inflslill fond IltnhIiab ill (tlIl( (1( lalwn t101ll till ail iI tIl 111 c1l1lilli till SalllP p(1jod al follos Th fOIpi1I rail hpplh (IIIIISmiddotIIII Ildllf I It)) WUI iiilkpll -tunshygll IJNmiddottilmiddot ((IlllilollIII(s p) Imiddotrio hair fllnglls b(ltI (lIJ1lw((1 iIIJIUJ (111 mIT llltll(fhlflIIfN p )jmiddotII dlild-flllil h(pll(

bull

bull

bull

-tl 10 111 IIImltllJII II -lltlp HUH 11[1 110 1lIlIhlc (il pl1ll Ill II n 1 10 llh))Xl )11 oJ NIIJJmiddot1I111J 1 paiql-lwHI )1) (J pun middotl bull or 1 U Pll 110 ]lap)llo) ~llIlld Ill 10 -lldlIH~ II 1II 1110111

lI~l1 0101 Plf 111 middots)JiH1Il1 II pllt PI) liP II 111]1111111 lIU)[HlllI lI sII1)I) llll IbullHIIO IIJJ11JI J 11(1 lOllIlIIO))()I S -llo)cl 1lIlHI 1lL 1111 Jill[h)1)1lt1 )11 Sl~()1 liP II pl)od)p Illlq PIlII I)nllld lIll 1 0

sliJi) 1tqlIlOltlJllll llH IHIllqlr plill middotltlIlIlH Ii )Jlllq lIll 1l(11I Pill IO 111011 lh)O Itll1 IlOIll IIHI )11 JO )HlIq 11I()IJ Plllh)1 lI))q JHI l)1l1I1r PlllII) Iort middotIIIlli 111 I-W1 III pun middotIIIIIl1Ill1111

np 10 (II PIO -I 111pll oJ JiIil 111011 PO[I)( lljlhl1wll)JI[l 111 bull1)111111

111 middotIS0llhlIls )11 lllHI lh)]Hdl1t1 pllll p)1I00lO1 11lt1I1 UII II 1I1Oqn IOJ IhlJ HlIq 1ljL c )110lt n ~U middotI()I qlIhl IPl) 10 1[1lhnTlltj 1i)Iml -lll IIQl111111 dIll 1I(j llloqn t allllIl ItOlJIIOI) II )llIlll 11 1 1

Pt l111t) 1)lt111111 JJiU[)l1 111 (I III()]~ I ~JiIIU)l IIlIIlIWJllt II] II0l B)O I 11 H II ~ PlI1 llilllHl) )1 U J P I) 1111 (j) I () ~lh)II )Jil1q

111011 SlstJlI 1II1 pilI S))IlItd )ttl 1t1I 1Ill )til 1liIWJ)o II lI l1 middotIJ lolIP 111oln 11tJ PllOli 1IH ~nItlld 111 10 ~I)(ltlllll lJilll) Illlljl Itorln IHlIIHX) Jilqp)11 WIIl 0 Iii III IWJlItlIJImiddotJlJr II lllJO ~lxuq qlll jl lll )1 I WOI lillJillHI middotltIII II)) )(1 llIli WI1l qlll~ 11(1 -lIIIIU 11(llIlPSlIO) IhlZIU1l1cl 1IH tllqlds )til IljlIl1llluOlllldlltl JO 11ua ll lllllI lln lIIIHI1 Hllq IIOIJi-lIj ~)JiuI01 II]

In Hly ~1 Illl) sU hlIIqO lIhlq lI[ UOpllSUIHd )IlHI Illlll middoto jn Illll ))HJIII )11 U Ill Itlld 111

IHI1 nlIU qlIl)1 OJ )1(1 ) ~ 11 middotqSHl1ld lIll 1 ~Idqlllllll )I(PlI1P -llO) ll h)))HIIH 1111 )lllq )ll)(itlIJi 1llIlIl sIIO()IU1 Wmiddotmiddot11l110H bull

lilltI 11111l IqJiII lOll SllP ~1()1 PllmiddotIllnd IlO Jilll Ji1 I)IOH 11111 IP0tll llIl1 31lzIH1H1 pllll 1II[JiUp )I) S I UIIP llltl 110 mq I)llI l) PLO) H 111I)lnlgt S S1)I( HlJ )lHI HIlI)H JII Itl middotIII) 1ll 111l lsstal oIqlll IOIIIIiIImiddotI

Iil(Pl)1 I~)llh)hldltll)) 111 SIIIlI q1I11 1111 H SH pllll IIl1l 1toJi-lI1 Plll ))Hl)11 1IlIlI 1- middotSS1I) I)IJllj Nl1l1lls(JIl IHIII (middotnraquo) NIIJ)middotIImiddotI IIIIiIIll ~jlI(lllll111IIP HIl )111 1lllHIlHllIl IHpt(l))~ (I~l WHII I 0111 qoJ)II PItDHlIlt 111 IS 10 Ji1lplh) )1)[111)) ))P JO 10 1)110) JO )II1~IlIH u IS l Ills) 01 IP 11 IIlI IHI )l~ ))I It hl1 s) ISl1 HC~ n I-d~H IJsOUl Slllh)1 1)11l1 11 middotI(11IlH10) SltiIlSIlOqll)l lllSIilIld )1

ql (Ill 0 suq ItO jlllt1idxl )qmiddotuqlH )10111 I llll)I)t) ))lllpaIUW sIM llll plln ()(jJ l iIw1 1PlllpO[()1 10 1slII1] U plHlol[lltX) 1ul llIlt )lltS )q1 qtillol1 - 1))1 110 lfJU[IPlSIIO) ~U ItdegPUZIlltIIl pt11O) l)llllol SUI ItOJlqlldod lIil slllqd lJiYIOls I ~II~)OS llJilllltl~ IlO1 l)lllll SIl(m PlIO IhlPUll lllIl JilIIlInl )11 1111 Ill) lIlql llll pltll l)lllllltllqlllHlhlIJi SI pal)lh)1 pUI[ P)S 111 (w(n H Sr(ll II PlZIIJiO)lllmiddotlJJ ~Il I 1111 n IPlthu PilH)Illl IIIO1 -H) JOlIU_ ll)lf)( Ill~ HP II I[JOlll IlSll1 lIp q lOlIqIIJ

SHOlvanld a~v S~ILISV1IVd

( ~) a0l0lt((l q pa(slqnd 111)q SUI[ lJ)OllI

IlSflll alp 11 l))lll)(jsl1 lHtnO 11))(1)11 JO 11l)SS1middot)P hllPII1J Y bull 1IW ( (sqH) Wll(lIIJ WIII0lJ) 11))1 1Il011 P)

mn )pa)q IqUlJi Ih)llO()I-l~ i(()t llhlq 1I)lltJ)l on) ~)1))q

]lllIlP)lI hllOlUIlU))l1 ~PIT ( (1) nllriUfdll NlIWdorI1J) I

H101 XJ~IVH 3B] dO ~nn1()(H6T

20 IECHXICMJ BCLLETIX 004 1 S DEPT OF AGHICULllIU

attacking 2626022 and 0 percent of the misin moth larvae in the samples

Accolding to leeorc1s obtained flolll labolUtory rcalings I dceldhis eaneSCfns Ipquills at about BP F approximately 2a days for developm(llt from (gg to adult

Catches of fi1Jtest ia fi(flllilella sorne of its pa rasites and olher moths that infest stored Jooels macll in mnlt-sirup tLaps in vineYilrds are 1(l(ol(led in table 12 Captures of jJli(lob)l(On were not recorded Catches of Desm(t jttnelalis (Hbn) the ~rape llaf folc1er~ the larvae of whieh $ometimes attndc clllstelsof glttpeS are also sllownin the tnbl(shy

lAlI[l~ 12-Xumbel of moths tllat inj(gtst stured OOd8 adults of th( [ll(tpe leaf folde and pm(lsites olllloth [mlapound lalln in 1Iult-shup traps 1 sCIenvinclJllJdR bull 103t)

Plt)dia BihN- ItIeshy8IJhlia ])(8111 Jtet-I~lilt I~l ill illllr- Liodell tld~~rolllh filllW- lIIHr- litIIS1lllirUa l1IIIC- niwcl- en II~-el 1l1i~ fllll cil isleila III C(l8

_ _-- _-- -~-- ----------April illl 3 middot1 JI I bull 10j 1i3 11 ~llw 3 )2R 53 3 132 1)27 I middot100 I lluip 2 iimiddotIS 12 2 210 (jl(i H7 ~ 7 JlIly 2 075 I nos 2-10 n 0 Au~ut bull - SOO 0 7 27 _01---( 3 0 ~pf)l(ml)r I l2middot1 0 5 87 230 middot12 0~ Oltobrr 1333 0 0 Hi J3 middot11 I Xu(mhir 1middotImiddotL _ so 0 0 I 0 2~ 0

gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_

TOtlll 13 lG2 no 22 I bull IRS 5813 1810 ()

- bullbull -~ - -gt-~ bull

Haisin moth Jnnul and a(ltllts are taken as live prey by It 1l1lm[Wt of plNlatols but Ow a~fItgatt INltl(tion of the population I dink-lilt to pstilllnJ( Tn (PItain Iaisin tOIa1P- tllp ant POilIIiNI I~(a WIlnte(t Vhll Ot(lllS in gnmiddotat abUlldalHl Hn(l ha~ b(el1 obf)eled (a Ityi ng Iishyillf bun( Of til( earnbid b((II(s found in the salll( locations thl most (OlnlllOll apgt(utS to bp P()dOl1ll8 pallell8 (Il) a species that Iw lOlblll1wd Ill ii n moth In ITa( in tIl( Inuora tot Ant I ion JaLTae and cri(lnts of til( gpnus S[cllopenwtIl8Iikewise ()(CUl in raisin slolshyH1lll and Im( fed upon lalue of HplCstia pmiddot[lulild(l in till Iaboratoly Ill( ilIadgt widow spid(I (Lallod((lis IIUlitaliN (F)) f(((ls Ipad iIy Oil

-full-gTownlatTae allll this spider ltaR been found to 0((111 (oIl1ll1onl in il1l)anl (Donohoe Jmiddotll On farlllS pOlllt) (onslIl1l(larglmiddot 1111111shy

b(Is of mi1rating- raiin moth la lfl( eplein II) 11(1 bllx(d la isins arc pill(l in till (ann yard

SDIMAHY

flt(middot illi(middott dps(Iilwd raquo ( IPfson in 1 1 as Eplilstia tiIllilllll( first bp(nnl( nn inl(lol-tant gt(t of raiiins ill Cnlifoll1ia in ((l~8 Bl-CflllSP of its wiltllplpad (j((lIlT(IWP ill lai-i1ls (Ill l1a111( middotntisin 1I101h Wlh appliNl to it TIH lal(lt an 10 (Il(middotIal 1((lt1el 011 Illing drl(( rllHL d(middot(nillf fruits ineludinf Iip( 1Inpls raisins fig] on the

bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull

BIQLO(lY OF Tim nl-l~ IO( 21

glOU lid rall~1I p(adl(s a plien H lINlIlmiddotj nl IHI ntH pIUIIIS a lid dH te Till Itlle also been JOllnt1i II (oltols(ed ellke (lIeuo beans (asltew knlll(ls Hlld ()U(~I IIlHt(lini

In til(gt llnIIHInn Joaquin llIll WhlIl thlins(etil- litO plllIliflll lHtllbellh~s ale the eallilst hOHt foodsl and thNm WlIsll fluits elIHble till Illisin moth 10 SUImiddothl It pelmiddotiot of food s(lIleit)

011( lmiddotlNnmiddotds or tl( lllhin moth O((ulling Ilt Slld((I(I(1 pltHlS IhlouglHlIlt tlH wodd 1(((1 10 infesllt mntllillis that Wll( inlpollld (l11HIs 111( of ill fpsllliiom (slaillish(d in stOImiddotHl(S In Cali fomill find lizollll nlld plmiddotobublr ill l~gypt IIl1d Allstlaiin hOWlCl tlH SI)(Ilits lila j III ains its(1 rout 0 I (1001S t h10 IIgho II I Ill( IUI

PlIilmiddots or Imiddotttisinllloths pl()hhd wilh IYlIIH lind Ipl Ilndll olSIIUshytioll III 1(lOIlI IPrllpClnllllp dlllillg tilt sllnllllll (JIlHlu((d lin nnlu gl oj 1 Pggs o( whiclt 7) lWIl(nllwlthld tflll IllUll li(ld 101 all 1lIIllgl or Il dll i HIHllltl flllIulpl Ill (i dns

1lgilw[lt in llllilh1I1JIIOI at nbiHlt SV F 111lithli1 in 3 to ( dnys t thl SHIIIl I(Ill pPIlIl II I tItt lala( Ipn(lld full glowlh in all iI IIUgP() r l dllYi fill (l1([111 pu I 1l1iod Imltd nlmu t I tIu nlid (htgt plI pal lngl about 10 dllY 1gt(middot(OPlllllIt front (Igg 10 udllit aplawd middot1 tillY

11(1 n[tllinilll 11111 -i~( Ihl 11I1Ul IISIIlIII (IU I I UWU flOIlI (Iwil rOOlland pin II (O(POIl ill whith (0 pupalt )Iosl of 1t111 (1IItiI thl oil hilt 1Ill111y SIII (Ilhpgt IIntIll I II Iollgh bnlmiddot1 of glll p(i illS

Tint is jlllss(d IImiddotUP Tltosl I hat III[( 11111101111 10 pUpUI ll t 11 spling dultr- Hgin l(l 11IHlg( ill plil Ulld 1 ht 1(1I11l II

Plillglllnk oj llhlltdnll(( ill )llIY WIll 11 lagl qllalltil ips or 1H(IOjl Imi nll blollght togpt h(I liS

til luiinmiddot(olmiddotUll ralmiddot(- Itllrt( (Imt IHtlll Iolh wllll( lilt fllIit llS

PIOdlll(-I (Olltilnll to d(llop - thp Jttnill 11111 -h( (hI III igltItl avllf Iltlltl till hos IIlntllilljIlIdtlmiddot -wmiddot1t (()IHliti(llll- Inll nlIlI)(I

Ill 1IIIl [lint hll( oillph(ld UWil dlllllnil to till flllit illllHal Inll in OltolJpl nl pHI in X()11lI1H1 Tltt altllllt thal PlIllll tit 10 lm illl plllll lin or lin PIPI( iIlIlHlIIIUH1 ill lolngp 1111111-( llll IHIil j 11111 ltI) 111middotmiddot( [111 ill Ilinf(i( ing (I st OINI flllit duping tIl(gt llllllllI roll(lwilll 111IIT(

Till Illllth IWlin f1illtt nil 111 nilhl aholll OII(middotllIIl f hOIlI n1IlI 1111(1 IIlld oillilllll illltil 11111( imiddot Ii h I llld ( - IHrilw of thl f(llIall is (()III(lItlnlld hlllI ill IIIl lil f(gt It(lll~~ of ~Inlklps

Of tlw Ihnl pHltlsil(ls of Imiddotnmiddothill llIoth Iinlll-Jir-Ililirt((oll IIIIIo t ~n I III Idlti~ 11111 Sf 1118 ( 111 Hlld If ~~It llt~ (twiNs (I(-l- shy11111 thl Ii 11 j tiullldallt Sim it oldinnlih IIl1limiddot] (lilly IIHP IIta 11( 1()lllplltld (wil rl(dillg it is ill thalIp--IIl(1 illtII(( in

LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-

1-lt1 1Il-H 1I1middot1II0nlttlJI(ItIP ((1 ~III Ell 11111 ppl I I l() I JoIl1l1 Indlll Ill 11111 111I1IllpU IUI J

I nrllll~bull K 1-1 11l~tll l1t ~II~tmiddotI 11 UII H I 11lt t ~lf 1 I 11(middot

I JIII 1 llI) II - I al unl (II 11 HlR4( IFIII1t 1 1111 IHI1 Il~SIIt( II

Wri 111111101111111 ~(l ami Jlldl~ I Hpl II f III 17 I 11

22 TECHNICAL aCLLETIX 0)-1 t S DEPT OF AGRl(CLlTHE

() BII~8 n l~ 1ltrs mII C K A1l KIOOII n H 1n) FIWIIT IIIIITS (W TIH nIS ~lOlll 11 OllH1t ISI~llS u 1111-

CAnIlIlY TIlt ISk Ob H)TIt~ X~I JOIII ElOIl 1~lIt ~ Sj)-SliJ lilliS bull

li) ---- AII KJ()OSTIA O H 1)10 ~IJ(lllJ llAllITS Il S~SOI IltJ)(~ 0( IItnII-FIItlI Is~rs

JOUI EIOIl Ent aa 11 1 W HillS (Ii) nlm~II ( U

l17i ox Tin sl~(ns (W 11I~I1 O(TtIIH1gt(C IX BIIITI I~IIL )10 )Ing 11 UU-78

(7) l)Oi 1~IIIi(WnII (W rln IIIIITI811 UI~I)li 10 lrlulhlillll lolllh-IIII

moil IP lilliS 1011l10l1 Ill (I1I1T~m I H

Il-iUj li()~H r1TI1~-IOIlmiddotI~(TS Fn(II( STOIIn middotE(~B1bullbull IHOIlII1 s l l- 1l11It gl Bill (11 l) middotIi Pll 1 III1S

Ill) Cnwtll lU(i n W-THIIIIIl J) (OTIWI OF II l1I UIIIlOInWOlS lSIIS

I-I(IU KIOII11 IIIUIIIIS l(llIuliu 1 ~li Agl U sa~as

11111 1O I DI)Ollf)f H

Ill- TIIIJI swnlt FOil X)IITW Of SOli I SIlIJnS 01 IO(S(18 L 1 lillI gilt II lit Plalll lJIUlI EI~l a liP I III (110(1111

(11 ) middot118middotI 11I01lIOIlmiddot mnn Ftm SIIIIY1U 1IQIIIIS n) AunI IStIH l S

1111 Ent H11( 1111111 (Junt I~Tamiddotl 1 p llIOtli~Id( (l )

w (onIIEIl n-II HIli IAILIIXn IS~tIS FII(UI 1I0ST )11111 r ~BIII EIII IIn( Plaut QIIlII EI J 11 [III(ISIIIJ

In~i ons o TIn 1II~(r WO SIIII~11 10( lln s )0111 YI

JIIt 1IIIIliiOI H middotImiddot Ill

wm nns 0 IOIOlnII 01W I~ 1IIl= Snlll(iES EliI ROt Wnh bull 1111(middot11 lmiddotI-Hi

I) -- XII 1IH~s U IiWH lIns 11 Fn11l lnIIIo((J OF 1 bullbull 11II0InII 11(1(1ltlt IHln1I FIWITS

10111 EIOIl 111 7 lOti7lIl7 I Pi) ill III~S D I

WH IS o UOI ~1nIIIMs IW IlnSTI middot1middot1[1middotIIUlI~ lillOSOo 10111 lo(OIl En1 i 107-1077

(1)- SIlI~IO-HlII7 11181)1 11 JoISI II to K 1117 THE 1~1)lnn (I IIIIIIJ-HllnS 1 1111 )WTII lOIIIOI (alif

Ilppl 1- Bill li BH--o t 1 1 1lIIms I ~1

lla TII~ UIJI)OImiddotnII1 OF ~ YOaK 11 1I1I1101l11 STn ~y ( 0Ill fl I ) jImiddot 1PI Sla bull IPIII 0- 7U Ill 1111

WI (1I~Iolty 1lt ~Il F~TIIIT()E H Y HHi 1101 T~II TlttT~IYI I~ 1Ilt 11 tI1I (0111110 OF 1(11 PITS

I-Hn1I 1111 1111 ~IOTII EIII SOl ()Iltario 1111 Ilpi 7 Il~ (110111 itmiddotYbullbullppl I~nt HII A ~ la1

11I1 (It~(o( ( s 1 1)~(ItWIJ() (W IIIISTII ~ TO smiddotn(~ Elltolliologisti a-i

I II KIJO ni U II 1lt-S I I F FISlnll ( K AII SI~I )IOS ltII~7 HJmiddotI L Tilt 1IISIo IlJIH 0 11tIS Li 11 Ill I III 11I1t Ilallt (1111I

g i7 middot1 PIl (lIO(I~~I(L 1 I I K-II A W

It)1 11( IST 1( Im HO nOli [01 HImiddotlll Jlllp IIIt Bill ll )sI-lJO illus

(a) ~lIKn p II HII tPIH-TI FUilII bullLI lilau TOII( IEST Tln nIIICO 1100(

Fllhlill (II~ (u Ii f DlIbullbullgI lolI(hl~ Bu l H Imiddot 1 llIllI bull

23 LllllLOG) Oi IHI~ HAIHIS ~IOIH

bull (middotI) ~HlI~ I

ISSbullbull us 1ltAIIIHSA YIlIM t1II ~I) TII~ 100TllllIII( EnL ~l( LOlldlJlI middotPItlll 17 tSimiddotU--

tSSH os 11I~ 11111)(gt (W TI1f 1IIIS 118 I~nl Kill lundon 1111111 I sgt UlIIU

(Ol 1101111111 A W III tH o(rns os Tilt IIIOI()(Y (Iraquo ~lI(IIOIIIIr()S IItmnm (KI SOil I rOil I

1(011 1111 Hi i)~ ml (71 IL(Oirt I L 11 IJ)II$OS U

H)lJI I (lll O(iIt I II It m1 Ill HTIl E ~I hi (ILIIIIlSu II 1(0111 Sill ((opldllllltmiddotmiddot t S liO JIll lilliI

()) I(IrtLtIl1 0 SI) 11I0lISUS Hwa (OgtTltllI1 11011 TO TIn STIIl Of Iln (tSlm 1111 EST 1 011-(1111middot

1-10 sm ~IX Utl 11 110111 G UI1I10InII Ill ITlIlFI WIIII gtt)lS 01 1Usrms IW Tilt 1111 EIlt ~Il 11II1iOIl 1111111 raquoill J(lU O illlls

()l ItJU ( Iina 11(1 IFI (e H HIpt 11 t HI En) 11 p tiO

lau) IIIWF IT E lU7 11$ lmiddotFTH~n ~II II nTI ~ni 1II~II 11 mIH~ InHlIIUI

LltfHI (IS ~II Hi middot1i7 -Ill 11 I -lIIWII 1

middotlIIs I OSIogt I TfMI~HIIH~ 1101 lIt nHIII)~1t Hilt 1111 (1I~lrI(()I (lJgt

llnn 1 ~I ~I()IS o 1lnS HilI SOl 11111 1(1 (rElit Illh--t al amiddot~ (H ltailmiddotu

bull

(~ 1 ~I II MilS lt-Htl f) IhlOIlOt IItIIEII ( IIS (1I~(hS I 110 111)01 T 1()IIITIIl (W STIIII11 IIISIH l ~ llll

(111 nlllllhllll ltJIIII middotIa a JlP IllIs 11Ij(~s(111 ( ~ll 11 11-111 W I)

WII OIlHlttI IlF lIl~ Ht )lullI Igt LIIHHlII JoIIl EII Ellt )~ Htt

IHI ((~EII W II ~k(IIr((lIlI~ 1IlII Hli IS~(T 11 I IIH)I-Ol l -1 )11I1 ~I ( bullbull 71111 iIllls

all l11l 11 (j WIl OUT III I ~I1II0TII-IIOIOHI 1 llIttJ(I Hot lillI IIi SIi 1It

(lilli ~IIIItI

1H7 0 1(111 1tIIIlIlTThHOII(I 1 (Im( -llll Itlll IIi HI1 ~lIt 1 t i (iii 11 a Jll III I~

(17 I 1 11 Ell J 1 1 t rtlItsS n r i It S 1It1I tltXtH ~II ollllISI 1lTl~~ (~ImiddotlimiddotII

t (lIIIII~S(hlll) 1- 1111 7 i (as) nJ~II 1 I

Io(j IIEttl (t 1111 In IIS II~II SOIlII ~I ~ltItO-I IS[1I 1-1 SI(IITIITtII IlESIIul-lt1 1l~1t I tltOUt1II0ITEUK 11 ioL UsII oillI

(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s

bull pnrnh h) thtlhrlHrlnt4mhHt uf 1)H(~unltiolloO- l~ H Guttrl1llwnl Irjftlll1~ )tlk ra~hjntol j n t- PI k~ It (Iilit

I t

t

leclwhmiddot(1 nullc tili No 99J Seplember19J9

bull Biology of the Raisin ~Ioth 1

By HEfllm C DOOllOt PBIt~Z 8UUIOS DIGHT ll llIt~ms G~oltm U 1loosshy

1lAX alid ClAUS K bISIIEIt CilioHuogillls Divi~ion of [0111 it III Ilcd IIIVfslishygrliOltfi tlul CIU IhrxH(lf CII10IllOoli8I j)irision of 1111$((1 IdClltificatioll iJII(ut of EntoHology IIIl(l Plallt QIWltlfiII AglicllUlIla I~(~c(lch Itminis (Iulion

CONTENTS

PllgU

ltrUdlictiOIl _bullbull ____ __ I iTh( misin moth on frllit fa1l1l8shy luricul review _____ _ bullbull _ 2 Continued

bull~ chnical dtscriptioll bullbull 4 Abundance nncl sensonal kfc hi~tOly_ bullbullbullbullbullbullbull _ -_ (j chllngeL bull bullbull ___ bull ___ bull J3

-0 Fecllndit~ and ull~eity of The lIlisin llIoth in ftOIll~( ____ bull 15 J dllUitsJllClIbutioll und fer- Fall llli~~ttiOIl onrwintcrshy~ ~t1lty-nt e~~~_ __ bull il1~ emergellce ____ _ 15

Q1jyelolilcnt of ILIiC and Flight haIJibL __ __ bull __ _ 18 e TItpa~_ _ _ 7 Pamites ami pnmiddotdlltor bull _____ _ l)

bullbull rhc r~ill t1t on fruit flllIlI_ ) Hunllnary ___ bull bull __ _ 20

Q llaquol)it~ _ ______ _ ) Literaturc eitNL ___________ _ 21 ~ JmlIlU~lIii ill haRt muteshy~ c51lllAt--- -- - shy

~ 0 [TRO D L~CTlOX

(I)

j Thl I)lOc1lletiOl nlHl stolage of clli(gtd fLuits probably hflye blPIl

aftNL((l by ills(et inJ(gtstuJions sjwe the beginnlllg 0[ the indllstry In LP(pnt nalS OIl( of the IlIUjOI inspct pests in Califolllia liaS been gphcstia tz[ulilclla Gregson which has been given the common name rnisin rllotll This specj(s 11S been the subjeet of bioiogiCtll and l(J1ltlOl studies ill(c its first le(ollled appcnrnn(c in Califolllitllaisilts in ]D28~

Thl lnisin moth is founel In most of the ilnit-glowing sedions 01 OaJifolllia (fig 1) ij and in the Snlt l~iVll Vallpy and thc Yllma disshyirirt of Arizona ~rost of these arcas arc arid with hot clear minshy](gts SlllrtlltCIS and 111i1lt1 wi 11 tCIS In the central San Joaquin Valley of CalifolJlin~ whCle damagc by the raisln moth isheayiest the rainfall

1 ~ublllittetl tOl pnbliCu ion 11[( 2 1l-17 TIII nsrtlllli lIIWIIT WS to Dilisioll of Cllltrol InCstigatillIfl ]l(sign((1

Tan 22 H)middot~ ~ LransfNIll O(tolJel l1S 10 Dil-ision of (creal and Forage Ins(~ct Investigashy

tion bull l(cllnical (lNwri(lti(l1~ 11( IInprn(1l hy MI ILinrieh who rttiled Til11( 0

bull Hl4l Ilat I 1 lln n hy (11 BItmiddotInlI (allin

This l((lllrt in(lultles infOllllation ohtnincd to OCtO)gtI 1)I7 bull l[nll~middot of thp (1stli1llltion IPcollls WtIP 1loidtgtd by II II Kpi[pl falifo1llia

1hpllrtllllnt of Agrlculturc


bull

bull



tle low

HISTORICAL HEVIEW



bull

bull

bull







lIlmiddotlS












bull

r~ ~ H bull

1 j ~ 13 Ib


z~ ~ J IIh IIgt

u

1-tc l~

---_~Y it

11~

v ~l 110

III III

111

1 HI

IV ~ lO- i ~ vIv V

~


Z VI












LI FE H ISTOHY





bull

bull

bull






bull

















x()~ Jz8-- g g 3 2 0 i 20






bull

bull

bull



-------------------------------~~-----~l----~-----------Instar Hatch-I I


















bull








--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t


bull

bull



tle low

HISTORICAL HEVIEW



bull

bull

bull







lIlmiddotlS












bull

r~ ~ H bull

1 j ~ 13 Ib


z~ ~ J IIh IIgt

u

1-tc l~

---_~Y it

11~

v ~l 110

III III

111

1 HI

IV ~ lO- i ~ vIv V

~


Z VI












LI FE H ISTOHY





bull

bull

bull






bull

















x()~ Jz8-- g g 3 2 0 i 20






bull

bull

bull



-------------------------------~~-----~l----~-----------Instar Hatch-I I


















bull








--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t

bull

bull

bull







lIlmiddotlS












bull

r~ ~ H bull

1 j ~ 13 Ib


z~ ~ J IIh IIgt

u

1-tc l~

---_~Y it

11~

v ~l 110

III III

111

1 HI

IV ~ lO- i ~ vIv V

~


Z VI












LI FE H ISTOHY





bull

bull

bull






bull

















x()~ Jz8-- g g 3 2 0 i 20






bull

bull

bull



-------------------------------~~-----~l----~-----------Instar Hatch-I I


















bull








--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t












bull

r~ ~ H bull

1 j ~ 13 Ib


z~ ~ J IIh IIgt

u

1-tc l~

---_~Y it

11~

v ~l 110

III III

111

1 HI

IV ~ lO- i ~ vIv V

~


Z VI












LI FE H ISTOHY





bull

bull

bull






bull

















x()~ Jz8-- g g 3 2 0 i 20






bull

bull

bull



-------------------------------~~-----~l----~-----------Instar Hatch-I I


















bull








--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t


bull

r~ ~ H bull

1 j ~ 13 Ib


z~ ~ J IIh IIgt

u

1-tc l~

---_~Y it

11~

v ~l 110

III III

111

1 HI

IV ~ lO- i ~ vIv V

~


Z VI












LI FE H ISTOHY





bull

bull

bull






bull

















x()~ Jz8-- g g 3 2 0 i 20






bull

bull

bull



-------------------------------~~-----~l----~-----------Instar Hatch-I I


















bull








--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t










LI FE H ISTOHY





bull

bull

bull






bull

















x()~ Jz8-- g g 3 2 0 i 20






bull

bull

bull



-------------------------------~~-----~l----~-----------Instar Hatch-I I


















bull








--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t






bull

















x()~ Jz8-- g g 3 2 0 i 20






bull

bull

bull



-------------------------------~~-----~l----~-----------Instar Hatch-I I


















bull








--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t







x()~ Jz8-- g g 3 2 0 i 20






bull

bull

bull



-------------------------------~~-----~l----~-----------Instar Hatch-I I


















bull








--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t

bull

bull

bull



-------------------------------~~-----~l----~-----------Instar Hatch-I I


















bull








--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t




bull








--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t





--~--------------------------------


(oalculated)


1938

bull





















bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t














bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



II 580 19 20_ _____ ( SO 27 41 58 639 16 27__ _ -1 125 22 I 15 73 508 24


I I --=gtI ~--- -~gt -~lt~~- __~_~~_ _~l














-



FUGitT HBITS










bull

bull

bull


























gt--Tt ___~~~ ~~_lt~-_






SDIMAHY


bull

bull

0

bull

bull

bull















LITEIIATl HI CITED

III 111111(-




















































bull






(lilli ~IIIItI





(1111111111 - ()(imiddot (i(l ilIl1s


I t


bull

bull

bull




13 1300 3 13 1300 53 13 1 100 77








2_ _ 211 I I 811 90 _I 770 n 03


___ _~______~_L____~














11 lipecie L __ ______ ~ _ ~ _ 5i 249 bullI








---------------------------------------~------~-------

Sept 13 1933_ ---- _ _ --- ---1 586 3 84 2 2H Au~ 14 1934_____ _ _ 67(i 50 aa8221934 ___________________________ _

bull 760 47 31i7

J ----------------------~









bull


out the ~(nl







bull

bull

bull



DtlLe -------1 lll



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Documents

Biology of the Raisin Moth - AgEcon Searchageconsearch.umn.edu/record/170427/files/tb994.pdf,l'\IIWIIT 'W;:S to Dil'isioll of: C'llltrol In\'C'stigati\llIfl, ]l('sign('(1 .Tan. 22,