BIOLOGY NOTES-HUMAN BIOLOGY NOTES-HUMAN EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION

Primates Primates

HUMANS BELONG TO THE GROUP CALLED HUMANS BELONG TO THE GROUP CALLED _____________that also include monkeys and apes_____________that also include monkeys and apes

originally lived in treesoriginally lived in trees strong hands ,fingers and strong hands ,fingers and

____________________thumbs____________________thumbs relatively large brains w/ a degree of intelligencerelatively large brains w/ a degree of intelligence complex social behaviorscomplex social behaviors

primates opposable

Primates Primates

extended parental careextended parental care only humans can remain ____________-only humans can remain ____________-

walking on 2 legs-for an extended timewalking on 2 legs-for an extended time humans have the largest of primate humans have the largest of primate

brainsbrains humans have more developed speechhumans have more developed speech

bipedal

II.Primate Evolution-A.ApesII.Primate Evolution-A.Apes usually larger than monkeysusually larger than monkeys larger brains and no taillarger brains and no tail surviving surviving

apes:_________,______,_____,and apes:_________,______,_____,and gibbonsgibbons

genetic studies show chimps to genetic studies show chimps to be closest ape to humans-----be closest ape to humans-----more than 90% genes identicalmore than 90% genes identical

Chimps, gorillas, orangutans

chimps

gorillas

orangutans

Gibbons

Prosimians & AnthropoidsProsimians & Anthropoids ____________________(means ____________________(means premonkeypremonkey)-)-

small monkeylike w/ large forward small monkeylike w/ large forward facing eyes and are ____________________-facing eyes and are ____________________-active @ night---fossilized ones were active @ night---fossilized ones were rodentlikerodentlike

Modern Prosimians:__________,____________ Modern Prosimians:__________,____________ and ________________and ________________

Prosimians

nocturnal

Lorises ,pottos, lemurs and tarsiers

loris

pottos

lemur

Tarsier

Prosimians & Prosimians & AnthropoidsAnthropoids

________means ________means humanlike humanlike -include -include New World monkeys of S. America w/ New World monkeys of S. America w/ pre-hensile tails-flexible pre-hensile tails-flexible tails(example-spider monkey)tails(example-spider monkey)

anthropoids in Europe,Asia and Africa anthropoids in Europe,Asia and Africa evolved into 2 groups 1)_________and evolved into 2 groups 1)_________and 2)_________2)_________

Old World Monkeys have long Old World Monkeys have long prominent noses and non-prehensile prominent noses and non-prehensile tails-example-Baboontails-example-Baboon

anthropoid

1)New world ex-spider monkeys 2) Old World—ex-baboon

Spider monkey

Baboon

Early HominidsEarly Hominids

_______________all anthropoids _______________all anthropoids belonging to human familybelonging to human family

modern human:_____modern human:_____ __________are scientists who study __________are scientists who study

the lives and cultures of human the lives and cultures of human through fossils and artifactsthrough fossils and artifacts

probably there was usually more probably there was usually more than one hominid @ a timethan one hominid @ a time

hominids

Homo sapiens Archaeologists

AustralopithecusAustralopithecus

Fossil evidence suggests the split between Fossil evidence suggests the split between human and apes happened between 5-8 human and apes happened between 5-8 million years agomillion years ago

Oldest fossil found may be_____________-Oldest fossil found may be_____________-meaning southern ape found in southern meaning southern ape found in southern Africa Africa

1994-4.4 million y old - __________1994-4.4 million y old - __________

AustralopithecusA. ramidus

AustralopithecusAustralopithecus 1924-_______-2.7-2.1 mya1924-_______-2.7-2.1 mya 1974-_________________-1974-_________________-LucyLucy-3-4mya-3-4mya They are considered hominids because they They are considered hominids because they

are bipedal---note different pelvisare bipedal---note different pelvis AustalapithecusAustalapithecus brain still smaller brain still smaller _______________and _____________-1-2 mya-_______________and _____________-1-2 mya-

thicker bonesthicker bones

A. Africanus A. afarensis A. Robustus

and A. boisei

A. africanus

A.afarensis

A. robustus

A. boisei

Homo habilisHomo habilis

1964 the Leakies found 1964 the Leakies found __________________-1st known to __________________-1st known to use tools-direct ancestor of use tools-direct ancestor of humanshumans

1960's-another discovery of 1960's-another discovery of probably same speciesprobably same species

larger brainlarger brain

Homo habilisHomo habilis

Homo erectusHomo erectus

even larger braineven larger brain migrated out of Africa and migrated out of Africa and

into Asia and Europeinto Asia and Europe may have been able to make may have been able to make

firefire

Homo sapiensHomo sapiens maybe 500,000 to 300,000 y agomaybe 500,000 to 300,000 y ago A. ___________fossils found in A. ___________fossils found in

Germany in 1856Germany in 1856 subspecies of subspecies of Homo sapiensHomo sapiens Europe and AsiaEurope and Asia brains as large as humansbrains as large as humans faces fairly similar w/ heavier browfaces fairly similar w/ heavier brow burials and decorated toolsburials and decorated tools religionreligion

Neanderthal

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons 100,000 y a 100,000 y a shared earth w/ Neanderthals....may shared earth w/ Neanderthals....may

have blended into one grouphave blended into one group may have drove Neanderthals to may have drove Neanderthals to

extinctionextinction 1st fully modern human1st fully modern human

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