GOVERNMENT OF SĀMOA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SPORTS & CULTURE

BIOLOGY

2014

TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS (plus 10 minutes reading time)

TOTAL MARKS: 200

Marker Code Student Education Number

FA'AVAE I LE ATUA SAM OA

SĀMOA SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

QUESTION and ANSWER BOOKLET

This examination has THREE COMPULSORY Sections.

• SECTION A - MULTIPLE CHOICE 50 MARKS

• SECTION B - RESTRICTED RESPONSE 130 MARKS

• SECTION C - EXTENDED RESPONSE 20 MARKS

1. Answer all Questions in Sections A, B and C.

2. Write your Student Education Number in the right-hand box above and the flap page at the back of this booklet.

3. Write the Marker Code in the left-hand box above.

4. Answer SECTION A in the boxes provided.

5. Answer SECTION B and SECTION C in the spaces provided after every question.

6. Check that this Booklet contains pages 1 to 43 plus the flap page at the back.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION

2 SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE 50 MARKS INSTRUCTIONS 1. Algae, amoeba and paramecia belong to the Kingdom

A. Plantae. B. Animalia. C. Protista. D. Fungi.

2. The eight characteristics of all living things are abbreviated MRS C GREN. Which of the

following means living things are able to get rid of waste products from their bodies? A. Circulation B. Respiration C. Nutrition D. Excretion

3. Most PLANTAE are

A. cone bearing plants. B. ferns. C. flowering plants. D. mosses.

4. An invertebrate is an animal with no

A. appendages. B. backbone. C. segments. D. shell.

5. A(n) ______ is a soft-bodied invertebrate that has a mantle, a muscular foot and usually a

shell. A. cnidarian B. mollusc C. arthropoda D. annelida

• Section A contains 25 multiple choice questions worth 2 marks each.

• Write the letter of the BEST answer in the box provided.

• If you want to change your answer, CROSS off your first choice and write your

second choice clearly next to the box like this: B C.

10

page 2

3 6. Chikungunya is caused by a microorganism. Which of the following microorganisms is

responsible for this disease? A. Virus B. Flea C. Yeast D. Amoeba

7. Which of the following is the correct

definition for the word ‘vaccination’?

A. The growth of harmful micro-organisms in or on the body. B. The conversion of sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast. C. Injection with dead or weakened microbes to give immunity. D. The ability to prevent an infection occurring.

8. Animals like butterflies and frogs camouflage themselves to avoid predators.

This is an example of ______________ adaptation. A. functional B. behavioural C. structural D. attitude

9. When two organisms attempt to utilize the same resource, this relationship is

an example of A. commensalism B. mutualism C. competition D. parasitism

10. The cell organelle involved in energy production is

A. rough ER. B. chloroplast. C. lysosome. D. mitochondria.

11. Sina is investigating the concept of osmosis. She places a semi-permeable membrane in a

chamber of water. 80 milligrams of salt is added to the right side of the chamber. Which of the following will happen? A. Water will move toward the right side. B. Salt will move toward the right side. C. Water will move toward the left side. D. Salt will move toward the left side.

page 3

12

4 12. A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis and produces

A. two daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each. B. two daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each. C. four daughter cells with 23 chromosomes each. D. four daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each.

13. The gene for curly hair (C) is dominant over straight hair (c). A woman who is

homozygous for curly hair marries a man who is also homozygous for curly hair. What genotype would their child be? A. CC B. Cc C. cc D. cC

14. During what phase of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

A. The light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II. B. The Calvin cycle. C. The Kreb's cycle. D. Carbon fixation.

15. Which part of the leaf contains the most important food manufacturing cell?

A. Part A B. Part B C. Part C D. Part D

16. In which region of the root is the apical meristem found?

A. Region of elongation. B. Region of maturation. C. Region of cell division. D. Root cap.

A

C B

d D

10

page 4

5 17. Which of the following lists the correct environmental conditions required for seed

germination to occur? A. Moisture, appropriate temperature and oxygen. B. Moisture, appropriate temperature and water. C. Moisture, appropriate temperature and carbon dioxide. D. Moisture, appropriate temperature and root.

18. Which of the following situations shows thigmotropism?

A. C. B. D.

19. Which of the following describes the difference between a food chain and a food web?

A. Food chains are simple while food webs are complex. B. Food chains involve only plants while food webs involve

both animals and plants. C. Food chains are complex while food webs are simple. D. Food chains include decomposers but food webs do not.

20. Different environmental factors are important for different organisms. Sunlight is an

example of what type of environmental factor? A. Photosynthesis B. Biotic C. Abiotic D. Habitat

8 page 5

6 21. Many studies have examined the role of dietary fats on blood cholesterol levels and the

risk of heart disease. Which of these essential nutrients when consumed excessively would increase the risk of heart disease? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Proteins D. Vitamins

22. Sina is conducting food testing for nutrients in various food items. In one test, she puts the

solution of food item to be tested in a test tube and adds an equal volume of 20% sodium hydroxide. Then she adds a few drops of 1% copper sulfate solution. A purple color appears. What food test is being carried out by Sina? A. Starch test B. Glucose test C. Protein test D. Lipids test

23. Another term for swallowing of food is

A. Digestion B. Ingestion C. Absorption D. Egestion

24. Gas exchange readily occurs between the alveoli and the adjacent capillaries because

A. there are specific pores to allow these gases to cross. B. energy is used to pump the gas. C. of the thin walls of the alveoli and the capillaries. D. the membranes are impermeable to carbon dioxide and water.

25. New invasive pest species can be removed by the use of a biological control.

A disadvantage of using a biological control is that it A. is readily available in nature. B. has the potential to become a pest. C. has no toxic effects on the environment. D. is specific and it only kills the target species.

10 page 6

7 SECTION B RESTRICTED RESPONSE 130 MARKS Instructions

• ALL questions are COMPULSORY. • Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

QUESTION ONE [25 MARKS] A. VARIETY OF LIFE 1. Living Things

Use the following images of four living things to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Which kingdom does organism A belong to?

__________________________________________ 1 mark (b) Which of the above is the simplest organism with a true nucleus?

__________________________________________ 1 mark (c) What is a main feature of organism C?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

2.

Effects of micro-organisms

(a) Viruses are pathogenic, which means they cause diseases by damaging host cells. What structural feature is lacking in viruses that cause them to attach to a host cell?

___________________________________________ 1 mark

4

Page 7

A B C D

8

(b) Name a disease caused by a bacterium that can be controlled by the use of

antibiotic and/or vaccines. _____________________________________________ 1 mark

(c) Bacteria multiply by asexual reproduction very rapidly and double their numbers

every 20 minutes. What is this form of reproduction called? _____________________________________________ 1 mark

3.

Control of micro-organisms

Sina stepped on a sharp object and injured her toe, which later became infected. The activity of immune system cells at the site of infection is shown in the diagram given.

(a) Name the type of leucocyte X, and state its function in the body’s defence mechanism.

Name of X ________________________ 1 mark

Function ___________________________________________________________

1 mark (b) What is the level (or line) of defense illustrated in the diagram above?

_____________________________________________ 1 mark

(c) What is the function of B-lymphocytes?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

6

Page 8

X

ANTIBODY

9

(d) Some bacteria have developed resistance to particular antibiotics. Explain how

antibiotic resistance arises in a bacterial population. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

B. ENVIRONMENT

1.

Adaptations

Study the spider in the image below and answer the questions that follow.

Discuss ONE structural and ONE behavioural adaptation a spider uses to catch prey.

(a) Structural adaptation

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

1 mark (b) Behavioural adaptation

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

1 mark

Page 9

3

10 2.

The images below illustrate three examples of interactions between organisms in an ecosystem.

Inter-relationships

(a) The relationship demonstrated in A is ________________________________

1 mark

(b) The relationship demonstrated in B is ________________________________

1 mark

Use the food web below to answer Questions that follow.

(c) List TWO producers and TWO consumers in the food web shown above.

Consumers________________________________________________ 1 mark

Producers_________________________________________________ 1 mark

Page 10

4

moss

bark of a tree

fish

cleaner shrimp gets food by cleaning fish mouth

caterpillar

parasitic wasp

A B C

11

(d) Based on the food web above, what is an energy source for the pigeon? __________________________________________________________________

1 mark (e) What trophic level does the cat represent in the food web given? __________________________________________________________________

1 mark

3.

Conservation

Use the Nitrogen cycle below to answer Questions (a) to (c).

(a) Why is the nitrogen cycle important?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (b) How is nitrogen stored in the atmosphere?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

plant

bacteria

rabbit

mushroom

Page 11

4

12

(c) Circle the organism that is important in the process of nitrogen fixation. (i) plant (ii) rabbit (iii) bacterium (iv) mushroom

1 mark Mangroves are ecologically important. Reclaiming of mangrove areas is an issue in Samoa and the Pacific.

(d) Describe ONE important role of mangroves in the environment. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (e) Describe why reclaiming of mangrove areas is an environmental issue. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (f) Suggest ONE solution to this problem. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

6

Pg 8

+

3

Pg 9

+

4

Pg 10

+ +

4

Pg 11

=

4

Pg 12

25

Q 1

4

Pg 7

+

13 QUESTION TWO [30 MARKS] A. CELL BIOLOGY

1. Microscope and CellsUse the diagram of the microscope below to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Sina wants to view prepared slides of onion cells and human skin cells under the microscope. Which objective lens should Sina use to begin examining the prepared slides?

____________________________________________ 1 mark

(b) Sina is examining the prepared slides under 40X objective. Which focus adjustment knob should she use to focus the microscope?

____________________________________________ 1 mark

(c) What is the name of part K?

____________________________________________ 1 mark

3 Page 13

eye-piece

coarse focus knob

light source

fine focus knob

objective lenses (4X, 10X, 40X, 100X)

iris diaphragm

?

14 2. Plant and Animal Cells (a) The diagram shows the typical structure of a plasma membrane of a cell.

Name part X and state its function. Part X____________________________________________ 1 mark

Function___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (b) Which organelle contains genetic information? __________________________________________________________________

1 mark

3

Page 14

X

15 3. Respiration

Use the diagram of the process of respiration of a typical animal cell to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the TWO products of the Krebs cycle. Product one ___________________________________ 1 mark Product two ___________________________________ 1 mark

(b) Write an equation to represent the process of respiration. __________________________________________________________________

1 mark

(d) Yeasts are an important group of micro-organisms in the process of fermentation. Explain what fermentation means.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

4

Page 15

16 4. Cell Transport

(a) Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Describe TWO factors that affect the rate of diffusion. (i) ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

1 mark (ii) ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

1 mark (b) Explain why red blood cells burst when placed in pure water. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (c) Why are the processes of diffusion and osmosis referred to as passive transport? __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark 5. Enzymes

(a) Define the following terms in relation to enzyme action or working of an enzyme. (i) Active site ________________________________________________

________________________________________________

1 mark (ii) Substrate ________________________________________________

________________________________________________

1 mark

6

Page 16

17

Sina recorded the height of froth produced in the table given.

Temperature (0C)

Froth height (mm)

20 12 25 26 30 54 35 73 40 82 45 2

(b) Plot the data given in the table on a graph. 1 mark

1

Page 17

Sina conducted an experiment to study the effect of temperature on the activity of the enzyme peroxidase from an animal liver. She set up six test tubes as shown below, each with a weak hydrogen peroxide solution, in different temperatures. She then put crushed raw liver in each of the test tubes. Sina observed bubbles of gas (froth) forming.

20°C 25°C 30°C 35°C 40°C 45°C

ruler

froth crushed raw liver

Temperature (°C)

Frot

h he

ight

(mm

)

18

(c) From your graph on page 17, what is the optimum temperature for the peroxidase

enzyme in this experiment? ________________________________________________ 1 mark (d) What does the graph show above 400C?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (e) Based on your answer in (d) above, why does this occur?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

B. GENETICS

1. Mitosis and Meiosis Use the diagram of a cell division to answer Questions (a) and (b).

(a) What type of cell division is shown? ____________________________________________________________

1 mark (b) What is happening to the chromosomes at stages C and D? ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

1 mark

5

Page 18

A B C

D

F E

19

(c) Which cell division, meiosis or mitosis, results in the production of gametes? ___________________________________ 1 mark (d) Explain the importance of mitosis and meiosis to any organism. Mitosis____________________________________________________________

1 mark Meiosis____________________________________________________________

1 mark 2. Mendelian Inheritance

(a) In pea plants, spherical seeds (S) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (s). Two plants

that are both heterozygous for the seed shape trait were crossed and produced offspring.

(i) Complete the punnet square to show the genotypes of their offspring.

2 marks

(ii) Based on the information from the punnet square, predict what fraction of the offspring would have spherical seeds.

_____________________________________ 1 mark

6

Page 19

20 (b) Humans have 46 total chromosomes as shown in the image below.

(i) What is the sex of the above individual? ____________________________________________________________

1 mark

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (i) above. ____________________________________________________________

1 mark

Pg 16 Pg 17 Pg 18 Pg 19 Pg 20

30

Q 2

1 6 + +

6 5 + +

2 =

Pg 14

3

Pg 15

4

+

Pg 13

3 +

21 QUESTION THREE PLANTS 1 [18 MARKS] 1. Photosynthesis

(a) Sina set up the experiment shown below using the materials identified to

investigate leaf pigments, important for photosynthesis. ` (i) Name the leaf pigment or molecule under investigation. ____________________________________

1 mark (ii) What is the function of this leaf pigment or molecule, in photosynthesis? ____________________________________

____________________________________

1 mark (iii) What is the purpose of the experiment?

____________________________________________________________

1 mark

(iv) Name this test.

____________________________________________________________

1 mark

(b) Discuss the importance of photosynthesis to plants and other living things.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

5

Pg 21

22 2. Leaf Structure

Use the diagram of the stomata to answer questions that follow.

(i) Name part X.

______________________________________ 1 mark

(ii) Explain how part X helps in the opening of the stomata.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

3. Root Structure

(a) Complete the table to compare the three types of root systems.

Type of root system Description

Contains many small roots that stop the plant from being pulled out when a herbivore eats the leaves.

Tap roots

Roots that grow in an unusual way, usually from stems or leaves.

3 marks

5

Pg 22

X

23

Study the diagram of the root tip and answer Questions (b) and (c).

(b) Name the region X.

__________________________________ 1 mark

(c) What is the function of region X?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark 4. Germination and Growth (a) Describe the role of oxygen in germination.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark Use the diagram of a germinating bean seed to answer the questions that follow.

(b) What is the function of the cotyledon?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

4

Page 23

X

X

24

(c) Before germination occurs, the embryo inside the seed is in a dormant state. What does ‘dormant state’ means?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

(d) List ONE factor (other than water) needed for germination.

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (e) Name part X _____________________________________ 1 mark

(f) The diagram below is showing the vascular bundle in the stem of a dicot plant.

Discuss the function of the vascular cambium.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

Q3

4 4

Pg 23 Pg 24

+ 18 =

5

Pg 22

+ Pg 21

5 +

25 QUESTION FOUR PLANTS 2 [17 MARKS] 1. Transpiration

The diagram shows the process of transpiration. Use the diagram to answer questions (a) and (b).

(a) Define transpiration and explain why it is important in plants.

Transpiration definition_______________________________________________

Important role of transpiration in plants___________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2 marks (b) Name TWO environmental factors that affect transpiration rate.

Environmental factor 1______________________________________________

Environmental factor 2______________________________________________

2 marks

(c) Name the experimental apparatus that is used for investigating the effect of an environmental factor on transpiration rate.

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

5

Page 25

26

(d) Xerophytes are plants that are able to grow in arid or dry environments. Explain how the following adaptation of xerophytes would reduce transpiration rates and enable the survival of these plants in arid regions.

Sunken stomata (stomata are found in pits (or cavities).

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

2. Asexual Reproduction

Use the diagram of the Ginger (fiu) given to answer Questions (a) and (b).

(a) What type of asexual reproduction is being shown by the image above? _______________________________________________ 1 mark (b) Name part X and describe its function in this type of asexual reproduction. Name of part X___________________________________ 1 mark

Function ___________________________________________________________

1 mark (c) State ONE disadvantage of asexual reproduction. __________________________________________________________________

1 mark

5

Page 26

X

27 3. Sexual Reproduction and Seed Development (a) The image shows the flower of a typical angiosperm.

(i) Which structures make up the male reproductive parts of the flower? ____________________________________________________________

1 mark (ii) Which flower part produces eggs? ____________________________________________ 1 mark

(b) The image given is of a typical insect-pollinated plant.

Describe ONE structural adaptation of an insect-pollinated flower to help ensure the insects transfer pollen between flowers.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

3

Page 27

28 (c) Use the images below to answer the question that follows.

Describe the method of seed dispersal being shown. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark 4. Plant Responses

The diagram given is showing the effect of a plant hormone on a plant’s response to light. Use this diagram to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the plant hormone responsible for the plant’s response to light. _________________________________________________ 1 mark

Cell division

2

Page 28

29

(b) Describe the effect of this hormone in the cells at the cell division zone of the tip of the growing stem.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (c) Another type of plant response is shown in the diagrams below.

What type of plant response is shown in the diagram above? ____________________________________________________________

1 mark

Q4

17 =

2 2

5 3

Pg 26 Pg 29 Pg 27 Pg 28 Pg 25

5 + + + +

30 QUESTION FIVE ANIMALS 1 [18 MARKS] 1. Nutrition

(a) Complete the table giving the correct name of the type of essential nutrient and its corresponding function.

Essential nutrient Function

Energy storage in plants and animals

Vitamin D

2 marks

(b) You are given Benedict’s solution and other materials by your Biology teacher to carry out a test to investigate the presence of a type of nutrient in a variety of food samples.

What type of essential nutrient are you testing for? ________________________________________________ 1 mark (c) The diagram below is that of a typical human digestive system.

What is the function of the pancreas?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

4

Pg 30

31 2. Circulatory System

(a) Describe the importance of an internal transport system in animals. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

(b) The diagram is showing the three main types of blood vessels in the human circulatory system.

(i) Give the correct terms for outer layer and middle layer. Outer layer ____________________________________ 1 mark

Middle layer ____________________________________ 1 mark (ii) What is the function of the valve in veins? ____________________________________________________________

1 mark (iii) What do the black arrows in the diagram indicate? ____________________________________________________________

1 mark

5

Pg 31

32 3. Gas Exchange

(a) Complete the following table which compares gas exchange and breathing.

Gas exchange Breathing

What it is? The chest action that causes air to enter the lungs

Where it occurs? Alveoli

2 marks (b) The diagram below shows the human respiratory system.

(i) Name parts X and Y. Part X _______________________________ 1 mark

Part Y ________________________________ 1 mark

(ii) What is the function of Y? ____________________________________________________________

1 mark

5

Pg 32

Y

X

33 4. Excretory System (a) Discuss the importance of excretory systems in animals. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

Use the diagram of the kidney and nephron structure to answer questions (b) and (c).

(b) What is the function of the nephron system? __________________________________________________________________

1 mark (c) List any TWO products or chemicals that are removed from the blood and enter the

kidney through the nephrons. __________________________________________________________________

1 mark (d) Excluding the kidney, name ONE other excretory organ. ___________________________________________________ 1 mark

4 5 5 4

P 33 P 32 P 30 P 31

+ + + = 18

Q5

34 QUESTION SIX ANIMALS 2 [22 MARKS] 1. Movement (a) Name ONE part of the body that voluntary muscles control. _________________________________________________ 1 mark (b) Describe the importance of movement for survival in animals. __________________________________________________________________

1 mark Study the shoulder joint shown below then answer the questions that follow.

(c) Name part X. _________________________________________ 1 mark (d) What is the function of part X? __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

4

Page 34

Movement is caused by the muscles of the skeleton, also called skeletal muscles. The human body contains over 400 skeletal muscles. These muscles are under our voluntary control.

Vertebrate animals such as humans have a skeleton on the inside of their bodies called an endoskeleton. The endoskeleton is made up of bones. Where two bones join is called a joint.

X

35 2. Endocrine System

(a) Describe the role of hormones in animals.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

Use the diagram of the human endocrine system below to answer the questions that follow.

(b) Name parts X and Y. X __________________________________ _______ 1 mark

Y_________________________________________ 1 mark (c) What hormone is produced in part Y?

___________________________________________ 1 mark

(d) What is the function of the hormone in your answer (c) above?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

5

Page 35

X Y

36

3. Nervous System

(a) Describe the importance of human senses.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (b) Describe the function of the central nervous system.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark The image below is showing the structure of a nerve cell called motor neuron.

(c) What is the function of a motor neuron?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (d) What is a reflex action?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (e) Describe the importance of reflex actions to vertebrates such as humans.

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

5

Page 36

37 4. Reproductive System

Use the diagrams of a Male and Female reproductive systems to answer the questions that follow.

(a) What is the function of part B in females?

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark (b) In which part (A to E) does meiosis occur in males? Name that part.

_______________________________ 1 mark (c) In which part (A to E) does fertilization occur in females? Name that part.

_______________________________ 1 mark The diagram is showing what happens at conception (conceiving a baby) in humans.

(d) Name the process occurring at stage X. 1 mark _________________________________

4

Page 37

X

38

The diagram is showing the typical position of a baby inside the mother’s uterus or womb.

(e) Describe the function of the placenta.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

5. Effect of drugs on Society

Umbilical cord

Placenta

Alcohol is a poisonous chemical because it has properties similar to water and therefore alcohol will go to any place in the body that water goes. Large amounts taken quickly can kill a person.

Brain

1

Page 38

39

(a) Describe ONE immediate effect and ONE long term effect of alcohol on the BRAIN.

Immediate effect____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark Long term effect____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark 6. Effect of exercise on the body (a) Describe the effect of exercise on the heart. __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

1 mark

\

Q6

1 4 5 5 + + +

4 +

P 38 P 37 P 36 P 35 P 34

+ =

P 39

3 22

40

SECTION C EXTENDED RESPONSE 20 MARKS

Instruction

There are two questions in this section. Answer both questions. Each question is worth 10 marks.

QUESTION ONE ANIMALS [10 MARKS] A. Paragraph Writing (6 MARKS) Select ONE of the following topics to write a paragraph.

EITHER (a) Discuss the role of meiosis and fertilization in mixing genetic material.

OR (b) Discuss the roles of the lungs and skin in excretion. ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

[ASK FOR EXTRA PAPER IF NEEDED] Marking criteria

• Well structured explanation (1) that has defined the topic well (1), giving at least two roles (2), clarified the process/es involved (1), and gave appropriate example/s (1).

6

• A response addressing only FIVE of what is expected for full marks above. 5 • A response addressing only FOUR of what is expected for full marks above. 4 • A response addressing only THREE of what is expected for full marks above. 3 • A response addressing only TWO of what is expected for full marks above. 2 • A response addressing only ONE of what is expected for full marks above. 1 • No response. 0

P40

6

41 B. Brief Notes and Examples (4 MARKS)

Explain TWO of the following and give an example for each.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

[ASK FOR EXTRA PAPER IF NEEDED]

Marking Criteria

• TWO concepts correctly defined with TWO correct examples 4 • ONE concept correctly defined with TWO correct examples • TWO concepts correctly defined with ONE correct example

3

• ONE concept correctly defined with ONE correct example • TWO concepts correctly defined with NO correct example

2

• ONE concept correctly defined with NO correct example 1 • NO concept correctly defined with ONE correct example • NO concept defined with NO examples

0

C1

10 =

P40

4

P41

6 +

• Lock and key model of enzyme action.

• Effects of nutrient deficiencies, incorrect diet and eating disorders on humans.

• Effects of smoking on the body.

• Increased risks of heart disease due to the different lifestyle factors.

• Our body’s first and second lines of defence.

• Importance of osmosis and diffusion.

42 QUESTION TWO PLANTS [10 MARKS] A. Paragraph Writing (6 MARKS) Select ONE of the following topics to write a paragraph. EITHER (a) Discuss how the processes of transpiration and photosynthesis are interrelated. OR (b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction in plants.

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

[ASK FOR EXTRA PAPER IF NEEDED] Marking criteria

• Well structured explanation (1) that has defined the topic well (1), giving two effects (2), clarified the process/es involved (1) and gave appropriate example/s (1).

6

• A response addressing only FIVE of what is expected for full marks above. 5 • A response addressing only FOUR of what is expected for full marks above. 4 • A response addressing only THREE of what is expected for full marks above. 3 • A response addressing only TWO of what is expected for full marks above. 2 • A response addressing only ONE of what is expected for full marks above. 1 • No response. 0

P42

6

43 B. Brief Notes and Examples (4 MARKS)

Select any TWO from the following list and briefly write what you know and give an example for each.

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

[ASK FOR EXTRA PAPER IF NEEDED] Marking Criteria

• TWO concepts correctly defined with TWO correct examples 4 • ONE concept correctly defined with TWO correct examples • TWO concepts correctly defined with ONE correct example

3

• ONE concept correctly defined with ONE correct example • TWO concepts correctly defined with NO correct examples

2

• ONE concept correctly defined with NO correct example 1 • NO concept correctly defined with ONE correct example • NO concept defined with NO examples

0

• What is a seed, what is a fruit? • Types of environmental stimuli that

plants respond to. • Asexual reproduction in plants.

• The process of seed germination. • Difference between the structure

and function of wind and insect pollinated flowers.

• Root adaptations for storage.

P42

P43

+ =

C2

10 4 6

44

BIOLOGY 2014

SECTION TOTALS (for official use only)

50 50 A

25 25 Q1

30 30 Q2

18 18 Q3

17 17 Q4

18 18 Q5

22 22 Q6

10 10 C1

10 10 C2

200 200

Marker Check Marker

Student Education Number