BIOLOGY JOURNALS

Graphing Analysis 1/26/2015◦Look at the graph at the right. Explain what information you are able to obtain from this graph. Are you able to draw any conclusions based on the data presented?

Scientific Method in Action 1/26/2015◦How Penicillin Was Discovered

◦ In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed that a mold called Penicillin was also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold because all the bacteria that had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present.

◦ Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it would kill bacteria. Fleming transferred the mold to a nutrient broth solution. This solution contained all the materials the mold needed to grow. After the mold grew, he removed it from the nutrient broth. Fleming then added the nutrient broth in which the mold had grown to a culture of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria died which was later used to develop antibiotics used to treat a variety of diseases.

◦ 1. Identify the problem.

◦ 2. What was Fleming's hypothesis?

◦ 3. How was the hypothesis tested?

◦ 4. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the experiment?

◦ 5. This experiment lead to the development of what major medical advancement?

Applying Scientific Method 1/27/2015Jordan is doing a science fair project on the effects of music on the growth of tomatoes. He has two tomato plants, Plant A and Plant B, that he growns in a windown and gives the same amount of water. Plant A is exposed to classical music using headphones attached to the soil. Throughout the growth period, Jordan counts the number of tomatoes produced by each plant.

◦Plant A = 35 tomatoes Plant B = 55 tomatoes

1. What is the control group?2. What is the independent variable?3. What is the dependent variable?4. Write a hypothesis that can be tested. If…….then……. statement5. What should Jordan’s conclusion be? Write this in a complete sentence. 6. Jordan needs to repeat the experiment, but his teacher says that he needs to

improve his design. In his second experiment what should he do different?

Short Essay (4-8 sentences)Combine all of your arguments into a short paragraph that takes a stand on either the prosecutor or the defense attorney. This essay should include specific statements that support your claim that the car is either alive or not alive. Check to make sure all of your statements are in complete sentences.

1/27/2015

1/28/2015

1. What characteristics are shared by all of the specimens you identified as living?

2. What were some reasons why you felt certain things should be described as non-living?

Living or Non-Living 1/28/2015

Organic Chemistry 1/30/2015

1.What is the difference between an element and a molecule? Include an example for each.

2.What makes a molecule organic?

3.What are the four macromolecules we will study?

4.What is the pH range for an acid?

5.Define homeostasis.

Cell Transport 2/9/2015

1.What is diffusion?  Why is it important to cells?  Give an example of diffusion in every day life.

2.What is a selectively permeable membrane?  Where in a cell would you find one of these?

3.What is passive transport?  Why is it called passive?

4.What is osmosis?  How is it similar to diffusion?

Passive Transport 2/10/2015

In 16 words summarize the structure, characteristics and importance of the cell membrane.

Compare with neighbor and simplify down to 8 words.

Compare with another partner group and simplify down to 4 words only.

Cell Transport Application 2/12/2015◦Draw a diagram of three ways (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis) by which molecules can enter cells through passive transport. Label each diagram. As an aid in distinguishing the three mechanisms, indicate the number of molecules on either side of the membrane.

◦If our cells and body fluids are hypertonic to the water of a swimming pool, then why do we not swell and pop when we go for a swim?

Cell Comparison 2/19/2015

List at least 3 Differences between the two cells shown.

List at least 3 similarities between the two cells shown.

Cell Structures 2/20/2015

1)What are the four structures found in all cells?

2)What two structures do only plant cells contain?

3)Chromosomes are found in the _____________ of eukaryotic cells?

4)Which structure is the location where proteins are made in the cell?

5)Which structure regulates what enters and leaves the cell?

6)The organelle associated with energy release in the cell is the __________.

Photosynthesis and Respiration 3/2/20151)Make a list of the foods that you ate during your last

meal. Hypothesize what would happen to the supply of those foods if the sun’s energy was not longer available.

2)Explain how the energy used by an athlete during a football game comes from the energy of sunlight – use the process of photosynthesis to be more specific.

Mitochondria In and Out 3/4/2015

Glucose& Oxygen

WaterCarbon dioxideEnergy (ATP)

Mitochondria In and Out Cont.

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Fruits; breads, potatoes, candy… etc.

Muscle cells – need a lot of energy to carry out movement

Undergo Lactic Acid Fermentation (Anaerobic Respiration)

Reproduction (Sexual vs. Asexual) 3/10/20151) How many sources of genetic material are involved in asexual

reproduction?

2) How many sources of genetic material are involved in sexual reproduction?

3) An alligator’s somatic cells contain 32 chromosomes. If a somatic cell goes through mitosis, how many chromosomes in the daughter cells?

4) If the alligator’s cells goes through meiosis how many chromosome in the daughter cells?

5) What are gametes?

6) What is the purpose of meiosis?

Order! Order! 3/12/2015

The BIG Picture of DNA 3/13/2015Answer the following questions in complete sentences…

1. What makes your DNA different from the DNA of another person or another species?

2. How are the nitrogen bases in DNA like a “code”?

3. What do the nitrogen base sequences code FOR?

4. What organic molecules give you your traits (ie. pigments, enzymes, structural materials, etc.)?

The BIG Picture of DNA 3/13/2015◦WRITE A PARAGRAPH that answers the question – How does DNA determine your traits?◦Consider the following…

◦What makes your DNA different from the DNA of another person or another species?◦How are the nitrogen bases in DNA like a “code”?◦What do the nitrogen base sequences code FOR?◦What organic molecules give you your traits (ie. pigments, enzymes, structural materials, etc.

DNA Replication - 03/16/2015

◦Write the following definition:◦DNA Replication – the process of DNA making an exact copy of itself, just before cell division occurs; results in doubled chromosomes

◦Write a definition for DNA replication IN YOUR OWN WORDS.◦Draw a picture that represents DNA replication

Genetics Review Check- 4/14/15

Nature vs. Nurture 4/15/2015

Monohybrid Crosses – 4/16/2015

Intermediate Inheritance 4/16/2015

Multiple Alleles – 4/20/2015

Sex – Linked 04/21/2015•In fruit flies, the gene for white eyes is sex-linked recessive. (R) is red and (r) is white.

Cross a white-eyed female with a normal red-eyed male.

1.What percent of the males will have red eyes? White eyes?2.What percent of the females will have red eyes? White eyes?3.What total percent of the offspring will be white-eyed?4.What percent of the offspring will be carriers of the white eye trait?

Module 8 Summary 4/22/2015

Pedigrees 4/23/2015

Genetic Disorders/Karotypes 4/24/2015

Biological Evolution 4/27/2015Four friends were discussing the meaning of the term biological evolution. This is what they said:

Mario: “ I think it is another term for natural selection.”

Sally: “I think it mainly explains how life started.”

Cameron: “I think it mainly explains how life changed after it started.”

Paz: “I think it includes both how life started and how it changed after it started.”

Who do you most agree with? Explain what you think biological evolution is.

Is it Fitter? 4/29/2015

Mechanisms of Evolution 4/30/2015

Evidence of Evolution 5/1/2015

5/1/2015 – Cont.