Biology II Biology II Lab Practical ReviewLab Practical Review

Part IIPart II

Last updated 11-29-07

FungiFungiPhyla

Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota

BasidiomycotaAspergillis Ascomycota - mold

Ascomycota

Ascomycota Zygomycota - Rhizopus

http://www2.muw.edu/~mharvill/index.html

http://www.ffp.csiro.au/research/mycorrhiza/vam.html

Name the phylum and explain the pictures.

Answer: Glomeromycota. They are endomycorrhizae. The tips of the hyphae push into plant root cells and branch into tiny treelike structures known as arbuscles.

Fungi ReproductionFungi Reproduction

Basidia

AscosporesAscospores

Inside AscusInside Ascus

Conidia - AsexualConidia - AsexualAscomycotaAscomycota Yeast buddingYeast budding

ZygoyteRhizopus

LichenLichen

Lichen are a symbiotic association composed Lichen are a symbiotic association composed of:of:

a. mycorrhizae and green algae a. mycorrhizae and green algae b. nodules and cyanobacteriab. nodules and cyanobacteria c. fungi, cyanobacteria and/or green algaec. fungi, cyanobacteria and/or green algae d. chlorophyta and green algaed. chlorophyta and green algae e.e. a. and b.a. and b. Answer: c.Answer: c.

FruticoseCrustose

Fruticose Foliose

Crustose

EmbryologyEmbryology

What is the difference between What is the difference between phylogeny and ontology?phylogeny and ontology?

Answer: One is the study of evolutionary Answer: One is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms and the other is relationships among organisms and the other is the development of an individual organism the development of an individual organism from egg to adult.from egg to adult.

Cell DivisionCell Division

Morula

Gastrula

Blastula

Archenteron

Blastocoel

Mesenchyme

48 hr. chick – dorsal view

heart

somite

ear

pharynx

neural tube

somite

forebrain

eye

midbrain

hindbrainLocate ondiagram:

forebrainsomiteeyemidbrainpharynxheartneural tubesomiteearhindbrain

Amnion

Chorion Embryo

Allantois

Yolk sac

Yolk

Extraembryonic MembranesExtraembryonic Membranes

What are the functions of the extraembryonic What are the functions of the extraembryonic membranes?membranes?

Answer:Answer:Amnion - protects the embryoAmnion - protects the embryoChorion - gas exchangeChorion - gas exchangeAllantois - waste disposal & gas exchangeAllantois - waste disposal & gas exchangeYoke sac - surrounds yoke for nutrients Yoke sac - surrounds yoke for nutrients

Germ LayersGerm Layers What are the three germ layers?What are the three germ layers? Answer: Ectoderm, Endoderm, MesodermAnswer: Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm What body tissues are derived from each?What body tissues are derived from each? Answer:Answer:

EctodermEctoderm - epidermis of skin, mouth & rectum lining, eye, - epidermis of skin, mouth & rectum lining, eye, nervous system, tooth enamelnervous system, tooth enamelEndodermEndoderm – lining of digestive tract and respiratory system, – lining of digestive tract and respiratory system, liver, pancreas, thyroid, lining of reproductive systemliver, pancreas, thyroid, lining of reproductive systemMesodermMesoderm – notocord, skeleton, muscles, circulatory system, – notocord, skeleton, muscles, circulatory system, reproductive system, excretory system, skin dermis, body reproductive system, excretory system, skin dermis, body cavity liningcavity lining

InvertebratesInvertebrates

PoriferaWhat are the body plans below?

Answer: ascon, sycon, leucon

Cnidaria

Anthozoa

Hydrozoa

Scyphozoa

Ctenophora

Cubozoa

Comb Jelly

Platyhelmenthes

Turbellaria

Monogenea

Trematoda

Cestoda

Turbellaria

Nemertea

Rotifera

Nematoda

Male or female?

Answer: Male

ArthropodaArthropoda

Crustacea and Insecta are distinct from each Crustacea and Insecta are distinct from each other in thatother in that

a. Crustacea have segmented legsa. Crustacea have segmented legs b. Insects have segmented legsb. Insects have segmented legs c. Crustacea have two pairs of antennac. Crustacea have two pairs of antenna d. Insects have two pairs of antennad. Insects have two pairs of antenna e. a. & b.e. a. & b. Answer: c Answer: c

Arthropoda Classes

Crustacea

Insecta

MyriapodaSubclass Diplopoda

Myriapoda Subclass Chilopoda

Arachnida

Match the letter to the numberMatch the letter to the number

1.1. PoriferaPorifera 2.2. CnidariaCnidaria 3.3. CtenophoraCtenophora 4.4. PlatyhelmenthesPlatyhelmenthes 5.5. MolluscaMollusca 6.6. NematodaNematoda 7.7. AnnelidaAnnelida 8.8. ArthropodaArthropoda 9.9. EchinodermataEchinodermata

a.a. DiplopodaDiplopoda b.b. RoundwormRoundworm c.c. CephalopodaCephalopoda d.d. TurbelariaTurbelaria e.e. HydrozoaHydrozoa f. f. Comb jellyComb jelly g.g. OphiuroideaOphiuroidea h.h. OligochaetaOligochaeta i.i. Ascon body typeAscon body type

Answers: 1(i), 2(e), 3(f), 4(d), 5(c), 6(b), 7(h), 8(a), 9(g)

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.g.

Echinodermata

a. Asteroidea

b. Holothuroidea

c. Crinoidea

e. Echinoidea

g. Concentricycloidea

d. Ophiurodea

f. Echinoidea

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

Echinodermata

a. Asteroidea

b. Holothuroidea

c. Crinoidea

e. Echinoidea

d. Ophiurodea

f. Echinoidea

Mollusca

Polyplacophora Gastropoda Bivalvia

Cephalopoda Cehpalopoda Cephalopoda

Annelida

Oligochaeta

PolychaetaPolychaeta

Hirudinia

Match the letter with the number. Match the letter with the number. Answers may be used more than once.Answers may be used more than once.

1. Platyhelmenthes1. Platyhelmenthes 2. Roundworms2. Roundworms 3. Earthworm3. Earthworm 4. Mouth first4. Mouth first 5. Anus first5. Anus first 6. lack tissue6. lack tissue 7. true tissue7. true tissue

a. parazoaa. parazoa b. acoelomateb. acoelomate c. pseudocoleomatec. pseudocoleomate d. deuterostomed. deuterostome e. protostome e. protostome f. eumetazoaf. eumetazoa g. coelomate g. coelomate

Answer: 1b, 2c, 3g, 4e, 5d, 6a, 7f

VertebratesVertebrates

What are the four main What are the four main characteristics of Chordata?characteristics of Chordata?

Answer:Answer: Notocord. Flexible, rod-like. Replaced by Notocord. Flexible, rod-like. Replaced by

vertebrae of backbone in vertebrates.vertebrae of backbone in vertebrates. Pharyngeal gill slits from throat to exteriorPharyngeal gill slits from throat to exterior Dorsal hollow nerve cord whose main cord is Dorsal hollow nerve cord whose main cord is

solidsolid Post-anal tailPost-anal tail

The subphyla of Chordata are?The subphyla of Chordata are?

a. Urochordata, Asteroidea, Cephalochordata a. Urochordata, Asteroidea, Cephalochordata b. Vertebrata, Cephalochordata, Agnathab. Vertebrata, Cephalochordata, Agnatha c. Cephalochordata, Agnatha, Actinistiac. Cephalochordata, Agnatha, Actinistia d. Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebratad. Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrata e. None of the abovee. None of the above Answer: dAnswer: d Which subphylum do Tunicates belong?Which subphylum do Tunicates belong? Answer: UrochordataAnswer: Urochordata

Match the letter with the Match the letter with the number.Answer only used once.number.Answer only used once.

1. Shark1. Shark 2. Perch2. Perch 3. Frog3. Frog 4. Pig4. Pig

a. Class Actinopterygii a. Class Actinopterygii b. Class Mammaliab. Class Mammalia c. Class Chondrichthyesc. Class Chondrichthyes d. Order Anura d. Order Anura

Answer: 1c, 2a, 3d, 4b

ReptiliaReptilia

Order SphenodontiaOrder SphenodontiaOrder SquamataOrder Squamata

Order Chelonia Order Chelonia

Order CrocodiliaOrder CrocodiliaOrder SquamataOrder Squamata

Orders of Placental Mammals

Sirenia

Rodentia Proboscidea

Perissodactyla

Perissodactyla

Lagomorpha

Primates

Insectavora Chiroptera

CetaceaArtiodactylaArtiodactyla

Mammals

Order Marsupials

Carinates Ratites

Order Monotremata

Class Aves

a.b.

c.

FrogFrog

d.

Fat bodies

Heart

Small intestines

Liver

Stomache.

a.

b.

cloaca

heart

c. male or female? female

Shark

a.

b.

c.lung

heart

liver

Pig

a.

b.

c.d.

e.

gills

swim bladder

stomach

ovary

liverf. intestine