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EXPERIMENTS INCLUDED

BIOLOGY 1SP-3003-BK-03

BIOLOGY 2SP-3004-BK-01

Biological Macromolecules Classification of Species

Cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Kingdom Animalia: Deuterostomes

Cellular Respiration Kingdom Animalia: InvertebratesCell Membranes: Transport, Diffusion, and Osmosis Kingdom Animalia: ProtostomesEnzymes: Temperature, pH, and Specificity Kingdom Plantae: AngiospermsGenetics: Plant Breeding and Selection Kingdom Plantae: Simple Plants and GymnospermsMitosis and Meiosis Natural Selection: Hardy WeinbergPlant Photosynthesis Population Ecology

Research and the Scientific Method

NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTS: 9 NUMBER OF EXPERIMENTS: 8

BIOLOGY

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Experiment Summary

Biological MacromoleculesIn this experiment, students will learn about the four classes of macromolecules. Each studentwill then perform a series of tests to determine the presence of sugar, starch, lipids, andproteins in a variety of samples.

Cells: Prokaryotic and EukaryoticStudents will learn about cell theory and cell structures of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.Students will differentiate between plant and animal cells and identify the components of thecells and their functions. Students will view various bacteria, protist, plant, and animal cells.

Cellular Respiration

Students will discuss the similarities and differences between photosynthesis, aerobicrespiration (cellular respiration) and anaerobic respiration (fermentation). Each student willperform a controlled experiment with germinated and non‐germinated seeds to investigate therate of aerobic cellular respiration as a function of germination.

Cell Membranes: Transport, Diffusion, and Osmosis

Students will investigate transport across cell membranes and the processes of diffusion and osmosis. Students will explore the concept of osmosis by collecting data on the mass of potato samples placed in sucrose solutions of varying concentrations. Diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane will be simulated with dialysis tubing filled with starch and glucose solutions.

Enzymes: Temperature, pH, and Specificity

Students will investigate the catalytic activity of enzymes and how the structure of the activesite of an enzyme relates to its ability to turn a reactant into a product. Each student willperform experiments to test the specificity and optimal temperature of the lactase enzyme.

Genetics: Plant Breeding and Selection

Students will learn classical Mendelian genetics and use Punnett squares to predict the outcome of genetic crosses. Students will perform a monohybrid cross through the germination of true‐breeding tobacco seeds and investigate a dihybrid cross using corn. Each student will apply Chi‐square analyses to both crosses to determine the distribution of the data.

Mitosis and Meiosis

Students will learn about cellular replication, in somatic cells and gametes, and the processes ofmitosis and meiosis. Students will build and use chromosome models to replicate phases ofthese processes. Finally, each student will identify the phases of mitosis in plant and animalcells by observing prepared slide images of an onion root tip and a whitefish blastula.

Plant Photosynthesis

Students will define photosynthesis and explain the light‐dependent and independentpathways. Students will perform a controlled experiment to investigate the role of carbon andlight in photosynthesis of a green plant. They will design an experiment to test variables, suchas light intensity and temperature, and draw conclusions about the relationship of thosevariables to photosynthetic rates of plants.

Research and the Scientific Method

Students will learn the steps that are commonly involved in the scientific method. Students will create hypotheses and design experiments to address real‐world problem solving. Students will use the scientific method to perform a research study on human body proportions and write a formal laboratory report.

BIOLOGY 1

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Experiment Summary

Classification of SpeciesStudents will learn about the eight ranks of taxonomical classification and the processes used to classify organisms to the species level. Students will use a dichotomous key to identify adult dragonflies to the family taxonomic level. Students will create a dichotomous key for the identification of leaf types.

Kingdom Animalia: Deuterostomes

Students will investigate deuterostomes of kingdom Animalia. Key features such as body symmetry and chordate characteristics will be discussed. Students will dissect an organism of phylum Echinodermata (the sea star Pisaster spp.) and two organisms of phylum Chordata (the frog Rana forreri and the perch Pomadasys macracanthis). During the dissection experience, students will describe anatomical features and their functions.

Kingdom Animalia: Invertebrates

Students will study characteristics of invertebrate phyla, including Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Rotifera, and Annelida. They will summarize phyla attributes, such as habitat, modes of feed-ing, and reproduction. In addition, students will observe a preserved specimen of Hydra sp. and prepared slide images of Hydra, planarian, and rotifer. Students will dissect a common earthworm (Lumbricus ter-restris), a member of the phylum Annelida.

Kingdom Animalia: Protostomes

Students will investigate protostomes of kingdom Animalia. Key characteristics, such as bilateral symmetry, triploblastic tissue organization, and presence of a body cavity will be discussed. Students will dissect an organism of phylum Mollusca (the clam Anodota spp.) and phylum Arthropoda (the grasshopper Brachyostoma spp.). During the dissection experience, students will describe anatomical features and their functions.

Kingdom Plantae: Angiosperms

Students will compare the shoot and root systems of a selected monocot and dicot plant. Students will identify the reproductive features of flowering plants and view prepared slide images of root, stem, and leaf cross sections to compare monocots and dicots. Anatomical structures such as xylem and phloem will be identified and their functions described.

Kingdom Plantae: Simple Plants and Gymnosperms

Students will learn about nonvascular plants, vascular plants, and seed‐bearing vascular plants. Gametophytes and sporophytes, alternation of generations, as well as the habitat requirements of mosses, ferns, and conifers will be described. Students will examine and identify the key structures of mosses and conifers.

Natural Selection: Hardy WeinbergStudents will investigate the concepts of evolution and natural selection. The Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium principle will be used to investigate genotypic frequencies in model populations subjected to natural selection and populations subjected to no agents of evolution.

Population Ecology

Students will explore the field of population ecology and survey factors involved in the decline, expansion, and maintenance of a population. Simulated growth of a population will be modeled, graphed, and analyzed. Students will use quantitative data from a cemetery population to study demographics.

BIOLOGY 2

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