Biology

Ch. 20

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A protist is any organism that is not a plant, an animal, a fungus,

or a(an)1. eukaryote.

2. prokaryote.

3. eubacterium.

4. archaebacterium.

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Multicellular protists are grouped with unicellular protists because

multicellular protists

1. do not resemble plants.

2. do not resemble animals.

3. do not resemble fungi.

4. are very similar to unicellular protists.

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According to Lynn Margulis, eukaryotic cells may have evolved from

1. a symbiosis of several cells.

2. mitochondria that grew very large.

3. chloroplasts that grew very large.

4. plants, animals, and fungi.

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In an amoeba, a small cavity within the cytoplasm that stores

food is called a

1. gullet.

2. pseudopod.

3. food vacuole.

4. contractile vacuole.

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To which phylum do amoebas, foraminiferans, and heliozoans

belong?

1. sarcodines

2. ciliates

3. sporozoans

4. pseudopods

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Zooflagellates may live in lakes and streams, where they

1. penetrate and live within cells of a host.

2. absorb food through their cell membrane.

3. feed by sweeping food particles into their gullet.

4. feed by surrounding their meal and taking it inside themselves.

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Which structure of a paramecium is analogous to a “reserve copy”

of all the cell’s genes?

1. the micronucleus

2. the gullet

3. the trichocysts

4. the macronucleus

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The sporozoan Plasmodium causes the disease known as

1. African sleeping sickness.

2. amebic dysentery.

3. malaria.

4. algal bloom.

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Which statement about malaria is true?

1. Not all strains can be treated, and there is no completely effective vaccine.

2. Many strains can be treated with modern drugs; however, there is no completely effective vaccine.

3. All strains can be treated with modern drugs, and there is an effective vaccine.

4. Malaria has been eradicated by control of the Anopheles mosquito.

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Which of the following diseases does the animallike protist

known as Entamoeba cause?

1. malaria

2. African sleeping sickness

3. amebic dysentery

4. potato blight

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A person who comes down with malaria can infer that he or she contracted it from

1. contaminated water supplies.

2. infection by the animallike protist Giardia.

3. the bite of the Anopheles mosquito.

4. the bite of the tsetse fly.

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Which substances allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight?

1. cilium and fucoxanthin

2. chlorophyll and accessory pigments

3. phycobilin and flagellum

4. oogonium and antheridium

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As sunlight passes through sea water, the sea water

1. absorbs large amounts of red and violet wavelengths.

2. reflects large amounts of red and violet wavelengths.

3. absorbs large amounts of blue wavelengths.

4. none of the above

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What effect did the evolution of different forms of chlorophyll in algae have?

1. a decrease in the range of depths at which algae can live

2. an increase in the range of depths at which algae can live

3. no effect on the range of depths at which algae can live

4. a reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of algae

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To which phylum of unicellular plantlike algae do the diatoms

belong?

1. Euglenophyta

2. Bacillariophyta

3. Chrysophyta

4. Pyrrophyta

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Euglenas have an intricate, folded cell membrane called

a(an)1. cell wall.

2. trichocyst.

3. eyespot.

4. pellicle.

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Which of the statements is true about dinoflagellates?

1. They contain bright yellow pigments.

2. They can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic.

3. Many species are luminescent.

4. They possess pillbox-shaped cell walls of silica.

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What do the members of the phylum Pyrrophyta have in common with many of the members of

the phylum Chrysophyta?

1. They have cell walls of cellulose.

2. They have cell walls of silica.

3. They have pellicles.

4. They can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic.

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A bloom is

1. the clouding of water by sewage.

2. an enormous mass of algae.

3. a symbiotic relationship between algae and coral.

4. none of the above

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The population of small, photosynthetic organisms found near

the surface of the ocean is called

1. chrysophytes.

2. pyrophytes.

3. phytoplankton.

4. diatoms.

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Which organism would most likely be present in a water sample collected during a red tide?

1. Tridacna

2. Euglenophyta

3. Gonyaulax

4. diatoms

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Which phylum causes the red tide that infects shellfish with a

toxin?1. Chrysophyta

2. Euglenophyta

3. Bacillariophyta

4. Pyrrophyta

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An example of a multicellular green alga is

1. Ulva.

2. Chlamydomonas.

3. Volvox.

4. Fucus.

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What characteristic of plants is shared by green algae?

1. cell wall composition

2. photosynthetic pigments

3. multicellularity

4. all of the above

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Red algae lack flagella and

1. nuclei.

2. centrioles.

3. accessory pigments.

4. chlorophyll.

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The phylum of multicellular algae most likely to be observed

at great depths is

1. Chlorophyta.

2. Rhodophyta.

3. Phaeophyta.

4. none of the above

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Many algae switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages during their life

cycle in a process known as

1. alternation of generations.

2. fusion of opposite mating types.

3. sexual reproduction.

4. asexual reproduction.

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The green alga Chlamydomonas reproduces asexually by

producing

1. gametophytes.

2. sporophytes.

3. zygotes.

4. zoospores.

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In the life cycle of the green alga Ulva, one of the phases produces

male and female gametes known as

1. sporophytes.

2. gametophytes.

3. spores.

4. zoospores.

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An argument that does NOT support the classification of multicellular green algae as

plants is that multicellular green algae

1. have highly specialized tissues.

2. live primarily in water.

3. display alternation of generations.

4. contain chlorophyll a, which makes them green.

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Why are algae considered one of the most important groups of organisms on our planet?

1. They are rich in vitamin C.

2. They produce chemicals that are used to treat health problems.

3. They produce much of Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis.

4. They produce chemicals that are used to make plastics, waxes, and paints.

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Some products derived from algae include

1. drugs for stomach ulcers and high blood pressure.

2. thickeners for food.

3. chemicals in plastics, waxes, paints, and lubricants.

4. all of the above

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Which of the following is algae’s most important contribution to humans?

1. as a source for industrial chemicals

2. as a source for medicinal drugs

3. as a photosynthesizer

4. as a direct food source for humans

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Which of the following groups includes only funguslike protists?

1. cellular slime molds, brown algae, water molds

2. cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, water molds

3. cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, animallike protists

4. cellular slime molds, fungi, water molds

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Funguslike protists get nutrients by

1. photosynthesis.

2. living as an animal parasite.

3. absorbing them from dead or decaying matter.

4. none of the above

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Which type of protist is likely to be found in a damp, nutrient-rich

environment?

1. a single-celled alga

2. an animallike protist

3. a funguslike protist

4. all of the above

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The funguslike protists that thrive on dead or decaying

organic matter in water, some of which are plant parasites on land,

are1. water molds.

2. acellular slime molds.

3. cellular slime molds.

4. true fungi.

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When the amoebalike cells of acellular slime molds fuse, they

form structures with many nuclei called

1. plasmodia.

2. zoosporangia.

3. spores.

4. filaments.

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In oomycetes, sexual reproduction takes place in the

1. migrating colony.

2. sporangium.

3. antheridium and oogonium.

4. zoosporangium.

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What structure of an acellular slime mold is analogous to the colony of cellular slime molds?

1. sporangium

2. germinating spore

3. zygote

4. plasmodium

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Protists that break down organic material include the

1. funguslike protists.

2. animallike protists.

3. plantlike protists.

4. none of the above

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The work of funguslike protists and other decomposers is

important in improving the quality of

1. salt water.

2. fresh water.

3. topsoil.

4. potato crops.

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What kinds of weather conditions might cause a farmer to worry

about infection by Phytophthora infestans?

1. warm and dry

2. cool and dry

3. warm and wet

4. cool and wet

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A mildewed grape crop might be caused by a(an)

1. cellular slime mold.

2. acellular slime mold.

3. water mold.

4. none of the above

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Protists are a diverse group of mainly multicellular eukaryotes.

1. True

2. False

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Ciliates use flagella for feeding and movement.

1. True

2. False

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If the people in a town contracted amebic dysentery or infections by the animallike protist, Giardia, the most likely cause would be contaminated

drinking water.

1. True

2. False

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The type of chlorophyll most efficient at capturing red and violet light is chlorophyll a.

1. True

2. False

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Euglenas have cell walls composed of silica and shaped like the two sides of a pillbox.

1. True

2. False

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Blooms of dinoflagellates can cause red tides.

1. True

2. False

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A high level of certain toxins found in filter feeders, such as clams, may

be a sign that an algal bloom has occurred.

1. True

2. False

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The brown accessory pigment found in brown algae is

phycobilin.

1. True

2. False

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Members of the phylum Rhodophyta contain the

accessory pigment phycobilin.

1. True

2. False

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The life cycles of many algae include both a diploid and a

haploid generation.

1. True

2. False

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Dried Porphyran, called nori in Japanese, is a green alga.

1. True

2. False

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Funguslike protists are autotrophs.

1. True

2. False

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Slime molds are funguslike protists that play key roles in

recycling organic matter.

1. True

2. False

Slime molds and water molds are important decomposers.

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1. True

2. False

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Unlike many others in the same phylum, the spores of the Myxomycota that caused potato blight in nineteenth-

century Ireland are airborne.

1. True

2. False