Biology 3A - respiration. Cellular respiration Provides energy for the cell Occurs in _________ cells Net equation: Occurs as a series of reactions, involving

Biology 3A - respiration

Cellular respirationProvides energy for the cell

Occurs in _________ cells

Net equation:

Occurs as a series of reactions, involving many different enzymes

Involves ____________ and ___________ reactions

Cellular respirationProvides energy for the cell

Occurs in all cells

Net equation:

glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

Occurs as a series of reactions, involving many different enzymes

Involves anaerobic and aerobic reactions

Summary of reactions

http://ntri.tamuk.edu/

ATP and ADP

• Act as chemical batteries

• Carry and release small amounts of energy

energy

adenosine

phosphateadenosine

ATP

ADP

Carrier proteins

Carry hydrogen ions to electron transport chains

NAD NADH + H+

FAD FADH2 + H+

Anaerobic respiration

• Occurs in the c_________

• Does not need o__________

• Involves 2 processes – g_________ and f_____________

Anaerobic respiration

• Occurs in the cytoplasm

• Does not need oxygen

• Involves 2 processes – glycolysis and fermentation

Glycolysis

• Glucose is broken down into 2 p________ (pyruvic acid) molecules

• Reactions use 2 ________

• Reactions make ___ ATP

• Net ATP = _____/glucose molecule

Glycolysis

• Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules

• Reactions use 2 ATP

• Reactions make 4 ATP

• Net ATP = 2/glucose molecule

FermentationIn animals:

Pyruvate is converted to l________ a_____

In plants and fungi:

Pyruvate is converted to e_________ and _______

FermentationIn animals:

Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid

In plants and fungi:

Pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide

Aerobic respiration

• Occurs in the _________________

• Needs _____________

• Involves T___________ reaction, K______ cycle and E__________ transport chain

• Involves many reactions and enzymes

• Produces ____ ATP

• Waste products are

Aerobic respiration

• Occurs in the mitochondrion

• Needs oxygen

• Involves Transition reaction, Krebs cycle and Electron transport chain

• Involves many reactions and enzymes

• Produces 36 ATP

• Waste products are carbon dioxide and water

Structure of mitochondrion

Transition reaction

Transition reaction

• Pyruvate attaches to Coenzyme A to form Acetyl Coenzyme A

• Acetyl Coenzyme A enters mitochondrion and releases the pyruvate into the Krebs cycle

• Coenzyme A can also pick up fatty acids and take them into the Krebs cycle

Krebs cycle

Krebs cycle

• Occurs in the m_________ of the mitochondrion

• A cycle of reactions generates ATP and hydrogen ions (carried by NAD and FAD carriers to electron transport chain)

• Waste product is

• Produces _____ ATP/glucose molecule

Krebs cycle

• Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion

• A cycle of reactions generates ATP and hydrogen ions (carried by NAD and FAD carriers to electron transport chain)

• Waste product is carbon dioxide

• Produces 2 ATP/glucose molecule

Electron transport chain


• Found in the ____________ (inner membranes) of the mitochondrion

• ATP is generated as hydrogen ions are passed down the chain

• Oxygen is

• Waste product is

• Produces ______ ATP/glucose molecule


• Found in the cristae (inner membranes) of the mitochondrion

• ATP is generated as hydrogen ions are passed down the chain

• Oxygen is used up

• Waste product is water

• Produces 34 ATP/glucose molecule

Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Anaerobic Aerobic

Site it occurs

Need for oxygen

Waste products

Amount of ATP

Reactions involved

Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Anaerobic Aerobic

Site it occurs cytoplasm mitochondrion

Need for oxygen no yes

Waste products Animals – lactic acid

Plants – carbon dioxide and alcohol

Carbon dioxide and water

Amount of ATP 2/glucose molecule 36 – 38/glucose molecule

Reactions involved

Glycolysis

Fermentation

Glycolysis

Transition reaction

Krebs cycle


Comparison between respiration and photosynthesisRespiration Photosynthesis

Inputs

Products

Type of cells

Location in cells

Where energy comes from

Role of ATP

Names of reactions

Comparison between respiration and photosynthesisRespiration Photosynthesis

Inputs Oxygen & glucose Carbon dioxide, light, water

Products Carbon dioxide, water & energy (ATP)

Oxygen, glucose & water

Type of cells All cells Plants & some protists & bacteria

Location in cells Cytoplasm (anaerobic) & mitochondria (aerobic)

Chloroplast

Where energy comes from

Carbon compounds (chemical breakdown)

Light

Role of ATP End product Carries energy of light reactions into dark reactions

Names of reactions

Glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle

Light reactions – Photosystems I & II & electron transport chain

Dark reactions – Calvin cycle

Factors affecting rate of respiration

• Temperature

• Concentration of glucose

• Concentration of oxygen

• Concentration of wastes (CO2 or alcohol)

Factors affecting rate of respiration

• Temperature as temperature increases, respiration increases, until temperature gets too high enzymes denature

• Concentration of glucose as glucose increases, respiration increases, until maximum level reached

• Concentration of oxygen as oxygen increases, respiration increases, until maximum level reached

• Concentration of wastes (CO2 or alcohol) as wastes increase, respiration decreases

Factors affecting rate of respirationCarbon dioxide concentration

Temperature

Oxygen concentration Glucose concentration

Waste concentration

Carbon dioxide concentration



Factors affecting rate of respirationCarbon dioxide concentration

Temperature

Oxygen concentration Glucose concentration

Waste concentration




Documents

Biology 3A - respiration. Cellular respiration Provides energy for the cell Occurs in _________ cells Net equation: Occurs as a series of reactions, involving