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Biology 3800 Aquatic Ecosystems Time: Monday/Wednesday/Friday 10:00-10:50 AM, Jan 08-Apr 14, 2013 Place: LINC 1050 Instructor: Dr. Joseph B. Rasmussen—office hours by appt. Professor, Department of Biological Sciences Canada Research Council Chair in Aquatic Ecosystems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Biology 3800 Aquatic EcosystemsTime: Monday/Wednesday/Friday 10:00-10:50 AM,Jan 08-Apr 14, 2013
Place: LINC 1050
Instructor: Dr. Joseph B. Rasmussen—office hours by appt.Professor, Department of Biological Sciences Canada Research Council Chair in Aquatic Ecosystems
Office: WE1050 WESBPhone: (403) 382-7182Email: [email protected]
Lab Assignments—8% eachI : The watershed and stream dynamicsII. Morphometry and dynamics of lakesIII: Primary production: calculation of 1o productivityIV. Phosphorus loading models and eutrophicationV. Secondary producers: fish productivity and management
Aquatic Ecosystems
Definition of Eco-system
System –many components functionally interactingmost of these components are living organismsgenetically unique and always changing (evolution)
Composed of the biological community (many species populations)Interacting with the physical world
Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are very different in their physical character and this has a major impact on the way nutrients cycleas well as on the types of organisms that are found there.
-Key physical processes in aquatic systems—flow and sedimentation (mud)-flow brings nutrients into the system from the surrounding landscape (watershed), and cause them to be lost as well.
Next: people who have played a major role in the development of Aquatic Ecosystem concepts
Stephen Forbes,1887 “The Lake as a Microcosm”
Founder of the Illinois Natural History Survey
Well known for his work on aquatic insects and fishes, and for his description of aquatic food chains in small lakes and ponds.
His writings stressed the isolated autonomous character, the separateness of lakes/ponds from the surrounding landscape.
August Thienemann Einar Naumann
Founders of the International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology
The Productivity of Waters and their Nutrient status
Edward Birge and Chancey Juday sampling zooplankton in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin
The thermal structure and energy budget of lakes, the thermocline
G. Evelyn HutchinsonYale University
Trophodynamic processesNutrient cycling in lakes
Charles S. Elton,
•Fluctuations in numbers of animals
•The food pyramid and the trophic web
•also wrote the first book on the ecological impacts of exotic species invasions
Eugene P. Odum, 1913 - 2002.
Odum is widely considered to be the “Father” of ecosystem ecology
Pioneered research into the use of radioactive tracers and dissolved oxygen cycles to study primary production in aquatic ecosystems.
Author of Fundamentals of Ecology, 1953
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0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:00
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Daily cycle in dissolved oxygen (flow weighted average) at Pavan study site
8PM2PM 2AM 8AM8AM
Dissolved O2
100% saturation
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0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:00
Time
mg
/ l
Daily cycle in dissolved oxygen (flow weighted average) at Pavan study site
8PM2PM 2AM 8AM8AM
Dissolved O2
100% saturation
Raymond Lindeman 1915-42
•Ph.D 1941 from the University of Minnesota
•died at age 27 but is still remembered for “The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology, Ecology 23: 399-418)” from his thesis work on Cedar Bog, Minnesota.
•This paper has since become the foundation for research on the flow of energy in plant and animal communities.
Cedar Bog Lake
energy flow through the foodweb could be analyzed by dynamic models
Energetic efficiency of trophic levels
Aquatic Ecosystems provide key resourcesE.g. fish, waterfowl, rice
Ecosystem services that freshwater ecosystems provide•Water supply for drinking, agriculture and industry•Transport•Water storage•Hydroelectric power•Assimilation of pollutants•Recreation•Nutrient transport for fisheries
•Ecosystem services are economically valuable services provided “free” by natural ecosystems. By free we mean either at no cost or at a cost well below that of a manufactured substitute. They are hard to place a value on.
Transportation of people and goods
Fouling of beaches by logging operations
Dams and wiers for hydroelectric power, flood control, and water storage.
Waste disposalDomestic and industrial
Assimilative capacity
The sewage treatment plant downstream from Lethbridge
Agriculture is the biggest water user of all
Recreation
Management of Aquatic Resources
Provincial LawsWater Act
Water AllocationEnvironmental Protection & Enhancement Act
Regional Planning
Government Agencies Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development
Federal LawsFisheries Act
Fisheries ConservationSpecies at Risk ActEnvironmental Assessment Act
Government AgenciesFisheries and Oceans, CanadaEnvironment Canada