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Biology 101 An Introduction. Living Things The Nature of Science. What is Biology?. Levels of Organization. Element – atom Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism Species Populations Communities. Why Do We Study These Things?. Assumptions in Science. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Biology 101 An Introduction
Living ThingsThe Nature of Science
What is Biology?
Levels of OrganizationElement – atomMoleculesCellsTissuesOrgansOrgan systemsOrganismSpeciesPopulationsCommunities
Why Do We Study These Things?
Assumptions in ScienceNatural causality
All events are due to natural causes and are potentially within our ability to understand.
Uniformity in space and timeThe laws derived from the study of nature are
the same everywhere and have been the same for billions of years.
Common perceptionEveryone generally perceives events similarly.
The Scientific MethodWay in which scientists study things in the world.
Observation/ProblemQuestion
Do Background ResearchHypothesis
Null HypothesisPredictionExperiment
Collect DataAnalyze Results Conclusion
sciencebuddies.org
The ExperimentVariable
A factor that affects an observation/changing quantitiesIndependent Variable – something that is changed by
the scientist Dependent Variable – factor that is measured and is
dependent on the independent variableStandarized /Controlled Variables – aspects of an
experiment that remain the same
Control GroupUsed to rule out other possible variables Do not receive experimental treatment
Scientific MethodThe results of an experiment must be able to
be repeated by other researchers.An experiment must be communicated
thoroughly and accurately.
Why is this important?
Scientific TheoryGeneral explanation of important natural
phenomena, based on extensive and reproducible observations.
principle or a natural lawEx. Atomic theory (all matter is composed of
atoms)Ex. Theory of gravitation (objects exert a law of
attraction for one another)Ex. Cell theory(all living things are composed
of cells)A theory can be modified or falsified.
The Theory of Spontaneous Generation - Abiogensis
Francesco Redi’s Experiment – 17th century facstaff.gpc.edu
Malte Andersson’s Widowbird Experiment
Male long-tailed widow bird. sanparks.org
Female long-tailed widowbird. 10000birds.com
Orphrys apifera. floralimages.co.uk
What Do You See?
What Do Glowing Pigs and Jellyfish Have in Common?
Biodiversity Refers to the total number of species within a
given region and the resulting interactions among them
www2.warwick.ac.uksciencelearn.org.nz
3 Domains of Life
5 KingdomsEukaryotes (have
membrane-bound organelles)1. Plants2. Fungi3. Animals4. Protists
Prokaryotes (lack membrane-bound organelles)5. Monera/Bacteria
Includes bacteria and members of archaea
What is a Living Thing?
Theory of Evolution
Formulated by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-1800s
States that modern organisms descended, with modification, from preexisting life-forms
Evolution - Change in the genetic makeup of a species
Charles Darwin Alfred Russel Wallace
The End