Biological Diversity of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild ... · Biological Diversity of Avian Influenza Viruses in ... 0.001 Субклада 1 ... A/Mongolian gull/Mongolia/401/2007

Biological Diversity of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds in the Asian part

of Russia

Alexander ShestopalovResearch Institute of Experimental and Clinical

Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia

Novosibirsk State University

Research Institute of the Experimental and Clinical Medicine

Our Center

Example of generalized flyways. In this case flyways of waders (shorebirds) are depicted, as compiled by the Wader Study Group.

Wintering and nesting areas of aquatic birds nesting or migrating through Southern part of Western Siberia (points of the farthest findings of ringed birds)

Novosibirsk region

Mongolia

Birds nesting in the Asian part of Russia

More than 700 species of birds, Distant migrants - 615 speciesIncluding:Europe 215Asia 172Africa 201America 15Australia 12

gfj

‐ Nesting areas‐ Wintering areas

Pintail (Anas acuta)

Veen, J., Yurlov, A.K., Delany, S.N. et al, 2005

Our sampling locations (2005‐2017)

Influenza - subtypes

•HxNy• Hemaglutinines - 18:• H1,H2,H3,H4,H5 … H18• Neuraminidases - 11:• N1,N2,N3,N4,N5 … N11• Total variants – 198; revealed - 80

Avian influenza viruses Jumping to Human

H7N1, H7N7 Holland, China

H5N1 - Hong Kong, China

H7N9 - China 2013

H10N8 - China 2013

H6N1 - Taiwan 2013

H5N8 - China, Southern Korea 2013-2015

Species 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Total

number

Garganey teal (Anas querquedula)

90 79 36 52 48 2 16 52 24 14 413

European teal (Anas crecca)

89 74 29 34 41 25 27 34 38 33 424

Pochard (Aythya ferina) 65 29 30 38 81 16 24 35 30 34 382Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

57 24 17 16 27 16 41 29 22 65 314

Gadwall (Anas strepera) 37 25 23 22 10 9 27 18 58 79 308

Shoveler (Anas clypeata) 33 30 6 8 16 8 16 42 45 10 214

Pintail (Anas acuta) 3 15 0 4 2 2 3 8 11 3 51Tufted duck

(Aythya fuligula)2 3 1 0 4 2 3 4 2 12 33

Wigeon( Anas penelope) 5 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 7 7 23

Common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)

0 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 10 14 9

Smew (Mergellus albellus)

4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 6

White-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala)

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2

Total number 385 279 142 181 232 80 157 229 247 275 2179

Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 201610

years period

Isolation rate

(%)15.6 8.2 7.7 5.6 6.0 20.0 7.0 14.8 8.0 5.8 9.9

Samples from wild ducks of Western Siberia (2007-2016)

AIV isolation from Anseriformes in 2007-2016

Isolation rate, %

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 10 yearsperiod

Bird’s samples in Siberia632(13.50%)

Neuraminidase (NA) subtypeH

emag

glut

inin

(HA

) sub

type

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10H1H2

H4H5H6H7H8H9H10H11H12H13H14H15H16H17

AIV subtypes of Asian part of Russia (2007‐2017)

HA Subtypes

Diversity of subtypes

Phylogenetic analysis of M gene (Russian viruses)

Eurasian Classical Avian-like viruses

Gull-like viruses

100

93

928599

98

97

75

94

88

86

84

80

0.001

Субклада 1

Субклада 2

Viruses have been isolated mostly from 4duck species:

Common Teal (Anas crecca)

Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata)

Common Pochard (Aythya ferina)

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

Unique AIV subtypes

H15N4 A/teal/Chany/7119/2008H13N8 double reassort. A/herring gull/Mongolia/454/2008

H5N1 (LPAIV) A/european teal/203/2011H6N8 A/domestic duck/Siberia/49_feather/2016

Isolation of H15 subtype in 1979 & 1983

Isolation of H15N4 in 2008

Unique H15N4 subtype

HA

H15N4: phylogenetic analysis

H13N8: Double reassortment event

AIVs H13N8 subtypefrom Sweden & The Netherlands

Ancestor ? Ancestor ?

PA

NS

HANA MP

NP PB1PB2

New H13N8

A/laughing gull/New Jersey/Sg-00559/2008 H13N9

A/shorebird/Delaware/195/2006 H16N3

A/silver gull/Tasmania/062/2006 H13N6

A/black headed gull/Mongolia/1756/2006 H16N3

A/black-headed gull/Sweden/1/2005 H13N8


A/shorebird/DE/68/2004 H13N9

A/black-headed gull/Netherlands/1/00 H13N8

A/duck/Siberia/272/1998 H13N6

A/blackhead gull/Astrakhan/44/1988 H13N6


A/duck/Zhejiang/2245/2011 H5N1

A/duck/Korea/A93/2008 H5N2

A/gadwall/Altai/1326/2007 H3N8

A/duck/Lao/469/2010 H5N1

A/ruddy shelduck/Mongolia/X42/2009 H5N1

A/grebe/Tyva/3/2009 H5N1

A/chicken/Hunan/8/2008 H5N1

A/duck/Zambia/11/2009 H11N9

A/ostrich/South Africa/AI1586/2008 H9N2

A/wild bird/Korea/A81/2009 H5N2

A/mallard/Sweden/100993/2008 H7N7

A/herring gull/Mongolia/454/2008 H13N8



A/glaucous-winged gull/Southcentral Alaska/9JR0691R0/2009 H13N6


A/mallard duck/Korea/6L/2007 H7N6

A/aquatic bird/Korea/w44/2005 H7N3

A/mallard/Jiangxi/8341/2004 H6N5

A/sharp-tailed sandpiper/Australia/10/2004 H11N9

A/whistling swan/Shimane/580/2002 H5N3

A/duck/Hunan/1469/2002 H6N8

A/duck/Primorie/2621/2001 H5N2

A/mallard/Netherlands/1/1999 H4N6

A/northern pintail/Alaska/44202-103/2006 H3N8

A/duck/Hokkaido/84/2002 H5N3

A/gadwall/Altai/1202/2007 H5N2

A/duck/Beijing/40/04 H3N8

A/duck/Italy/69238/2007 H1N1

A/shoveler/Italy/2698-27/2006 H7N7


A/mallard/Czech Republic/15962-1T/2010 H6N9


A/Mongolian gull/Mongolia/401/2007 H13N6

A/gull/Massachusetts/26/1980 H13N6

100

88

26

61

8

100

10100

100

100

89

99

98

100

96

100

100

89

95

100

95

85

98

96

58

90

100

94

60

96

30

54

29

28

3

0,01

A/great black headed gull/Atyrau/2966/2008 H13N6


A/herring gull/Atyrau/2216/2007 H16N3

A/Mongolian gull/Mongolia/401/2007 H13N6



A/duck/Siberia/272/1998 H13N6

A/feces/New Jersey/2413/2000 H4N6

A/ring-billed gull/Georgia/2658/2000 H11N6

A/black headed gull/Astrakhan/44/1988 H13N6




A/herring gull/Mongolia/454/2008 H13N8

A/yellow-legged gull/Ukraine/912306/2005 H13


A/great black-backed gull/Newfoundland/296/2008 H13N2





A/ruddy turnstone/New Jersey/1407/2001 H4N6


A/turkey/Minnesota/1012/1990 H13N2

A/laughing gull/DE/554/1988 H13N3

A/shorebird/NJ/840/1986 H13N3

A/gull/Minnesota/1352/1981 H13N6

A/gull/Maryland/704/1977 H13N6

A/sabines gull/Alaska/296/1975 H5N3

95

99

100

99

98

48

100

100

100

67

94

99

72

100

100

93

100

83

92

99

96

98

78

0.02

H13N8: phylogenetic analysisDouble reassortment event

NS PA

Other unique AIV subtypes

New HA‐NA combination:

A/teal/Chany/444/2009 H8N8Unique for Western Siberia region:

• H1N2• H13N2• H16N3• Н2N2

Avian influenza viruses Jumping to Human

H7N1, H7N7 Holland, China

H5N1 - Hong Kong, China

H7N9 - China 2013

H10N8 - China 2013

H6N1 - Taiwan 2013

H5N8 - China, Southern Korea 2013-2015

Suzdalka village was the first place in Russia where the infection H5N1 appeared (2005)

Novosibirsk, 07/2005Suzdalka village

Qinghai, 04/2005

Russia ‐Western Mongolia

* Uvs‐Nuur Lake

Grebe

*

Mongolia

Russia

2015

H5N1 virus 2.3.2.1c Clade

Mongolia

Russia

2016

H5N8 virus (2.3.4.4 Clade)

Результаты тестирования 11 птиц на озере Убсу-Нур в июне 2016

Three strains of H5N8 were isolated, A full-genomic sequence was obtained:

1.A/great crested grebe/Uvs-Nuur Lake/341/2016

1.A/common tern/Uvs-Nuur Lake/26/2016

1.A/grey heron/Uvs-Nuur Lake/20/2016

Clade 2.3.2

2008-2015

Clade 2.2

2005-2007

Clade 2.3.4.4

2016

The key point (Hotspot) for early detection H5Nx

(Russian-Mongolian border)

2006

H5N1Clade

2.2

H5N8Clade 2.3.4.4

2009-2010Mongolia

Russia

H5N1Clade 2.3.2

2016

The key point (Hotspot) for early detection H5Nx

(Russian-Mongolian border)

Mongolia

Russia

?2017-2018

A/H5N8 и пути миграций птиц

Map A/H5N822 April 2015

Russian??

Hotspots in Central Asia for monitoring avian influenza (Chany lake, Uvs-Nuur lake and Qinghai

lake)

Qinghai Lake

Uvs Nuur Lake

Chany Lake

Forecast for 20181.Further spread of the virus H5 in thespring and in the fall of 2018

2.Introduction of the H5N6 variant inRussia

3. Re-introduction of H5N8 to Russia and Asian countries from Europe (2006 scenario)

General Conclusions

1. Created large collection of contemporary avian influenza viruses circulating in North Asia (Asian part of Russia),

1. We isolated H1N1, H1N2, H3, H3N1, H3N2, H3N3, H3N6, H3N8, H4, H4N6, H5N1, H5N3, H6N2, H8N4, H8N8, H13N2, H15N4, H16N3, N1, N6, N8 virusesin Asian region. We found double reassortant virus H13N8 inMongolia.

1. There were two H5N1 virus lineages in Russia: clade 2.2 (2005-2007) and after clade 2.3.2 (2008-2015),

1. Novel reassortant H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 virus in 2016-2017

You are welcome to participate in the annual expedition to Chany lake!

Documents

Biological Diversity of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild ... · Biological Diversity of Avian Influenza Viruses in ... 0.001 Субклада 1 ... A/Mongolian gull/Mongolia/401/2007