Biological Den. 2

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Nitrate Removal

in Aquariumsby Biological Denitrification

KME 495 Bacteria,Biofilm and Biological Denitrification

0506 8044 - Merve Ayvaz


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NITRATE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

There are a number of treatment technologies available for

the reduction of nitrates in water. These include thefollowing:

1. Ion Exchange using strong base anion resins

regenerated with NaCl

2. Biological Denitrification

3. Electrodialysis or Electrodialysis Reversal

4. Reverse Osmosis


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USING AREAS OF

BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION

Ground water treatment

City service water treatment

Industrial water treatment

Seawater, aquarium, pond water treatment


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Biological denitrification is reduction of nitrate

ions by facultative anaerobe bacteria in suboxic

conditions.


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Heterotrophic bacteria needs organic carbon source.Autotrophic bacteria needs inorganic carbon source.

Autotrophic bacteria can live with higher water flowrates rather than heterotrophic bacteria.

Performance of a denitrification column depends onthe kind of the bacteria. Heterotrophic or autotrophic.


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Denitrification in Aquaria


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Main part of the biologicaldenitrification system is

biofilters.

Hearth of the biofilter is

packing material


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BIOFILTER

Biological filters serves the same purpose as mechnical

filters in that they are designed to remove unwanted

material from the water.

Biological filters, however, use bacteria and

micro-organisms to achieve this goal.


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BIOFILTER

Live rocks are excellent bio-filters because they have

thousands of holes scattered throughout the entire

structure which are perfect for the bacteria to live.

These give a huge area for micro-organisms to live and a

living conditions suitable for anaerobic bacteria needed in

the denitrification process.


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BIOFILTER

Biofilters are used as

fluidized bed

fixed bed

and some other methods


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FLUIDIZED BED BIOFILTER

The water is pumped up from the

bottom of the filter, through the

media, and then flows back into the

tank from the top of the filter.

Because of the speed at which water

is passed through the filter media, it

becomes 'fluidized' - the sand is

constantly being pushed up by the

current and then falling back throughthe water in response to gravity.


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Bacteria attach themselves to

the sand media in the filter

chamber.

As water is pumped throughthe filter, the sand grains and

their bacteria are constantly

bathed in a fresh supply of

organic carbon and nitrate,

creating extremely efficientbiological filtration.


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FIXED BED BIOFILTERS

Sulphur NO3 Filter

1.Nitrate concentration in the tank

should be more than 25 mg/L.

2. At high nitrate concentrations flow

rate of water can be up to 15 L/h.

p

9.62H5.4(biomass)OH0.92C

11SOO2.5H1.71 H0.5CO4.1HCOO1011S

2275

-2

4242

-

3

-

3


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SULPHUR NITRATE NO3 FILTER

The water leaving the NO3 filter has a very low pH,approximately 6 to 6.5 or lower in fresh water.

This water can be dripped over coral sand to raise the pH

before entering the aquarium.

Coral sand is sand of particles originating in tropical and

subtropical marine environments from bioerosion of

limestone skeletal material of marine organisms.


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MEDIA FOR FIXED BEDS

Ceramic Ball Quartz Glass

Volcanic Rock


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Kaldnes Moving Bed Process

Kaldnes Moving Bed process, As the Kaldnes media

chaotically circulates within the bio tank, it causes old dead

bacteria/bio film on the outside, to be removed making

space for new younger heavier feeding bacteria/bio films to

colonize.


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Kaldnes Moving Bed process

The biofilm carrier elements made from polyethylene witha density slightly below that of water


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Kaldnes Moving Bed process

Allowing a small amount of water flow

Provides maximum surface area for the bacteria to colonize

and produce bio film

Within the wheel, is a protected surface, which enables

colonies of bacteria to naturally follow their life cycle,

maturing and dying, in turn fuelling the latter stages of the

denitrification conversion process.


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JBL Bio Nitratex

JBLBioNitratEX consists of small beads containing

nutrients for bacteria and so encourages the

settlement of denitrifying bacteria which are

present in large numbers in any aquarium.

The net bag around the material restricts the water

flow and so ensures the correct flow velocity inside

the bag. This produces an environment low in

oxygen which allows the colonisation of nitrate

removing bacteria.

Bag should be placed as the last stage in the

aquarium filter. Active for 12 months, 200 L.


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DENITRYFYING BACTERIA

Contains 2.5 X 106 ColonyFormingUnit/mLgel

Immediately establishes biological activity.

Quickly attach to and populate all kinds of

media.

This helps rapidly establish the necessarybiological activity in your filter to stabilize youraquarium's environment quickly.

It helps to restore the activity to your filter

when you clean or change the media and

when you replace your filter cartridge.


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Melbourne Aquarium Victoria, Australia


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Denitrification Unit in Melbourne


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Thank you for your attention

Merve Ayvaz

Documents

Biological Den. 2