Biological Chemistry

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The Chemical basis of Life

Biological Chemistry

Chemistry is the study of matter (and the changes it undergoes)Matteranything with mass and volume"stuff"

Biological Chemistry

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Atoms: the simplest form of elementsElements vital for life:

hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), carbon (C), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)

Biological Chemistry

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Compounds: atoms bonded togetherExamples:

H2O CO2, HNO3 C6H12O6 N2

Biological Chemistry

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Macromolecules: = polymers. Chains of smaller moleculesExamples:

carbohydrates lipidsproteinsnucleic acids

Biological Chemistry

Mixtures: = substances stirred togetherExamples:

salt water airbanana splitblood

Mini-Quiz

Classify as matter or not.bananaairCO2heatpaperideas

Mini-Quiz

Classify element, compound or mixture.bananaairCO2carbonaluminumwater

Nitrogen

Necessary for life. Important component of proteins and nucleic acidsMakes of 78% of air, but is unusable (N2)Bacteria are vital for making nitrogen available and for cycling nitrogen in and out of living systems. NITROGEN CYCLE.

Nitrogen cycle video

Chemical Summary for Nitrogen

Importance:largest proportion of the atmospherein proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, some hormones

Chemical Summary for Nitrogen

Cycle Highlights:bacteria are vitalnitrates and ammoniaamino acids and proteinslegumes and nodules

Chemical Summary for Nitrogen

Environmental Problems:eutrophicationacid rain

Environmental problem:

Environmental problem:

*Backbone of all organic moledule(carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

* Photosynthesis, respiration, combustion* Seashells and limestone* fossil fuels

*Climate change

4/5ths of atmospherein proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, some hormones

* bacteria vital* nitrates, ammonia, amino acids, proteins, legumes, nodules

* acid rain* eutrophication

Phosphorus

Important for organisms and industry. Found as phosphates in nature in all fertile soils and waterImportant component of:bonenucleic acids (DNA and RNA)ATP (an energy transferring molecule)phospholipids (make up cell membranes)

* Bones* Nucleic acids* Phospholipids

* Found as phosphate* weathering* sedimentation

* Eutophication

* Solvent *moderates temperature *needed for photosynthesis

* Evaporation and transpiration* condensation and perculation* aquifers

* Aquifer depletion* Pollution

*Backbone of all organic moledule(carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

* Photosynthesis, respiration, combustion* Seashells and limestone* fossil fuels

*Climate change

molecules

C, H, O

Pass on hereditary infoDNA, RNAC, H, O, N, P

* Energy storage.* Cell membranes (phospholipid)

Fats, oils, steroids (including cholesterol)

C, H, O

Involved in all cell activities. Enzymes speed up reactions. Hormones coordinate body processes

Muscle, hair, nails, enzymes, hormones

C, H, O, N(sometimes S)

Energy source.Sugars, starches, cellulose

Plant support (cellulose)

: exact opposite

reactants products

Attachments

The_Cycle_Series__The_Nitrogen_Cycle.asf