BIOL BIOLOGY · Includes techniques and approaches to the study of life at the cellular level; topics in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites:

2013-2014 Calendar Proof

1 | P a g e

BIOL

BIOLOGY

Students should note that in the Science Faculty the minimum acceptable grade in a course

which is required by a particular program or is used to meet a prerequisite, is a "C". Any student

who fails to attain a "C" or better in such a course must repeat the course (at the next regular

session) until a grade of "C" or better is attained. Students will not be eligible for graduation

until such deficiencies are removed. The only exception will be granted for a single course with

a “D” grade that is a normal part of the final year of that program, and is being taken for the

first time in the final year.

Note: See Courses ‐> Saint John or Fredericton ‐> Standard Course Abbreviations in the online undergraduate calendar for an explanation of abbreviations, course numbers and coding.

BIOL 1001

Biological Principles, Part I

3 ch (3C)

Surveys principles of biology from the nuclear molecular level to the cell. Topics include an introduction to the structure, function and synthesis of biological molecules, major cellular structures and processes such as proliferation, energy capture and metabolism, and reproduction and heredity. Examples are presented from both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.energy capture and use, metabolism, origins of life, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures and functions, heredity and evolution. Note: This course is designed for science students or other students planning to major in Biology. Students intending to major in Biology must also take BIOL 1006.

BIOL 1006

Applications in Biology, Part I

2 ch (3L) [W]

Instruction and laboratory work dealing with applications of Biology at the level of biological molecules and the cell. Pre‐ or co‐requisite: BIOL 1001.

BIOL 1012

Biological Principles, Part II

3 ch (3C)

Evolution provides the theoretical framework within which biologists work. Through a quantitative lens, this course 1) discusses the mechanisms of evolution and speciation; 2) surveys the biological diversity that results from these processes; and 3) describes a variety of metabolic, behavioural, and ecological processes that relate to survival and reproduction. Note: Students intending to major in Biology must also take BIOL 1017. Prerequisite: BIOL 1001.

BIOL 1017

Applications in Biology, Part II

2 ch (3L) [W]


2 | P a g e

Instruction and laboratory work dealing with applications of Biology at the level of organisms and their ecological interactions. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006. Pre‐ or co‐requisite: BIOL 1012.

BIOL 1621

Topics in Biology I: Life on a Changing Planet

3 ch (3C)

This course will introduce students to the biodiversity, ecology, and evolution of life on Earth through exploration of the ever‐changing nature of Earth’s ecosystems. We will address topics such as major groups of plants and animals through the history of life; responses of individual organisms, populations, and species to changing environments; climate change in past, present and future; and human impacts on the biosphere. Note: This course is not equivalent to BIOL 1001 or 1012, and is restricted to students who have not received prior credit for Biology 1001 or 1012.

BIOL 1622

Topics in Biology II: Life on Smaller Scales

3 ch (3C)

This course will introduce students to biological concepts that apply to everyday life. Topics will be chosen to help students understand the molecular interactions that are essential for life, the cellular processes that are required for survival and reproduction, and the importance of these to human health, industry, and the environment. Note: This course is not equivalent to BIOL 1001 or 1012, and is restricted to students who have not received prior credit for Biology 1001 or 1012.

BIOL 1711

Human Anatomy I 4 ch (3C 2L) (LE)

This course is a general study of human anatomy which will include the following systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous (including eye and ear), cardiovascular, lymphatic, urinary, digestive, respiratory, and reproductive. Limited enrollment; priority given to Kinesiology and Nursing students. Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology Credit, only as an elective. Co‐requisite: BIOL 1001 or permission of the instructor. Credit will not be given for both BIOL 1711 and 1719.

BIOL 1719

Human Anatomy I ‐ Online

4 ch (C/L)

This course is the online version of BIOL 1711. Nursing and Kinesiology students must first take BIOL 1711. BIOL 1719 is available to students prior to enrolment in Nursing and Kinesiology and current students with permission of the instructor. This course is also available to other students (e.g. from Science) as an elective. The course is a general study of human anatomy which will include the following systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous (including eye and ear), cardiovascular, lymphatic, urinary, digestive, respiratory, and reproductive. Co‐ or prerequisite: BIOL


3 | P a g e

1001, or permission of the instructor. Credit will not be given for both BIOL 1711 and 1719.

BIOL 1782

Human Physiology I 4 ch (3C 2L)

An introduction to the various systems that comprise the human body. Emphasis will be on integration of these systems for maintenance of homeostasis. Limited enrollment; priority given to Nursing and Kinesiology students. Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology Credit, only as an elective. Prerequisite: BIOL 1711.

BIOL 1846

Introduction to the Vascular Plants of New Brunswick

4 ch (C/L)

An intensive seven day course, normally offered in the intersession or summer semester, exploring the floristic diversity of NB concentrating on the southern region. There will be an emphasis on plant identification and an introduction to botanical classification. The program for each day consists of morning lectures and lab work, afternoons in the field, and evenings with more lectures and lab work. Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology Credit, only as an elective.

BIOL 2003 Energy and Nutrient Flux: from Ecosystems to Cells

3 ch (3C)

This course provides an overview of energy and nutrient acquisition by terrestrial and aquatic organisms, taking a top‐down approach from ecosystem to sub‐cellular scales. The ecology of energy and nutrient flux is considered at a range of spatial and temporal scales. The energetics of autotrophs and heterotrophs are discussed, with an emphasis on the synthesis of high‐energy molecules, and the transfer and use of mineral nutrients. Enzyme structure and function are considered within the context of primary metabolism. The course concludes by considering the effects of anthropogenic climate change on metabolism, organisms, and ecosystems. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017; CHEM 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Co‐requisite: BIOL 2008.

BIOL 2008 Laboratory in Energy and Nutrient Flux 3 ch (3L)

This course is a companion course to BIOL 2003. In this course, students use laboratory experiments to investigate core concepts in energy and nutrient acquisition by terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017; CHEM 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Co‐requisite: BIOL 2003.

BIOL 2013 Evolutionary Genetics 3 ch (3C)

The overarching goal of this course is to provide students with an understanding of the genetic basis for evolutionary change, integrating molecular and population scales. Topics include: molecular evolution, the genetic basis for evolutionary change, population,


4 | P a g e

quantitative and speciation genetics, and evolution and culture. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Co‐requisite: BIOL 2018.

BIOL 2018 Laboratory in Evolutionary Genetics 3 ch (3L)

This course is a companion course to BIOL 2013. In this course, students use laboratory experiments and computer simulations and analyses to investigate core concepts in population, quantitative and speciation genetics. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Co‐requisite: BIOL 2013.

BIOL 2023 Biochemistry and Cell Biology 3 ch (3C)

An overview of the processes required for life from biochemical, molecular, genetic and

cellular perspectives. Major topics will include the structure and function of biological

macromolecules, and the pathways and mechanisms of gene expression, enzymes, and cell

signaling. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017; CHEM 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Co‐

requisite: BIOL 2028.

BIOL 2028 Laboratory in Biochemistry and Cell Biology

3 ch (3L)

This course teaches experimental techniques used to investigate processes required for life from biochemical, molecular, genetic and cellular perspectives. Topics will include the quantitative analysis of biological macromolecules, gene expression, enzyme kinetics, and cell signaling. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017; CHEM 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Co‐requisite: BIOL 2023.

BIOL 2025

Research Foundations in Cellular Biology

4 ch (1C 3L) (LE) [W]

Includes techniques and approaches to the study of life at the cellular level; topics in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017; and CHEM 1012, 1017, or CHEM 1982, 1987.

BIOL 2033

Biochemistry 3 ch (3C)

An introduction to the molecular nature, chemical properties and activities of the major biological macromolecules: nucleic acids, amino acids, proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates and lipids. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017; and CHEM 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017, or CHEM 1001, 1006, 1982, 1987. Pre‐ or Co‐requisite: CHEM 2401 or CHEM 2421 or permission of the instructor. Chemistry (Majors and Honours) students and Chemical Engineering students are not required to have taken BIOL 1006 and BIOL 1017.

BIOL Cell Biology 3 ch (3C)


5 | P a g e

32043

A detailed look at n introduction to the structure and function of pro‐ and eukaryotic cells, focusing on the molecules and molecular mechanisms mediating the activities of. Topics include: structure and function of biological membranes, cellular compartments,

protein and vesicular transport and targeting, the endomembrane system, mitochondria and chloroplast structure/function and the cytoskeletonal construction and dynamics, the cell cycle, regulation of cell size, cell‐cell and cell‐matrix adhesion, cellular differentiation

and the development of multicellular organisms. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017; and CHEM 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017, or CHEM 1001, 1006, 1982, 1987; and BIOL 2033, 2053. Strongly recommended: BIOL 2025 or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 2053

Genetics 3 ch (3C 1T)

Basic concepts of classical genetics including Mendelian genetics, gene interactions, sex linkage, linkage mapping and recombination, complementation are introduced. These are integrated with current topics including gene and chromosome structure and function, mutation, gene expression, transposable elements, extra nuclear genetics, quantitative and population genetics. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 2063 Biological Diversity 3 ch (3C)

Biological diversity, life on planet Earth, is an interconnected continuum in time and space. All life is connected through genetic ancestry, but also through interactions in and with changing environments. The course provides students with a well‐rounded understanding of biological diversity, including the concepts of and tools to study biological diversity, the innovations underlying the large biological diversity on our planet, a broad overview of biological diversity on our planet in the past and present, and importance of biological diversity to humans and the biosphere we inhabit. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Co‐requisite: BIOL 2068.

BIOL 2068 Laboratory in Biological Diversity

3 ch (3L)

This course is a companion course to BIOL 2063. It provides training in generating and interpreting phylogenetic trees; provides exposure to molecular and morphological data (in extant and extinct organisms) to identify organisms and test hypotheses about their relationships; provides exposure to a variety of different organisms to explore key innovations that have led to changes in biological diversity; and teaches techniques to study organisms and biological diversity (computer software, binomial keys, microscopy, dissection, comparative observation, and sampling and collecting). Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Co‐requisite: BIOL 2063.

BIOL 2073

Fundamentals of Microbiology

5 ch (3C 3L) (LE) [W]


6 | P a g e

An introduction to the physiology, ecology and biotechnology of micro‐organisms. Topics include bacterial structures and their function, metabolic diversity, interactions of bacteria with their environments including their impact on human health, and the exploitation of microbes by industry. Fundamental aspects of viral infection will be introduced with an emphasis on prokaryotic viruses. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 2083

Botany 5 ch (3C 3L) (LE) [W]

Explores diversity in form, structure and function in major plant groups, and how these organisms live and reproduce in their particular environments. Probable homologies and evolutionary relationships are discussed. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 2093

Zoology 5 ch (3C 3L) (LE) [W]

Classification, functional morphology, development and evolution of the major animal groups. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 2105

Research Foundations in Ecology/Populations

4 ch (1C 3L) (LE) [W]

Techniques and approaches to the study of life at the populations level. Includes topics in Ecology, Population Biology and Evolution. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 2113

An Introduction to Ecology

3 ch (3C)

Introduces concepts of ecology common to terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Major themes studied are adaptations by species and the ecology of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 2143

Evolution 3 ch (3C)

An introduction to the development of a body of theory explaining biological diversity, from pre‐Darwinian ideas to current issues in evolutionary biology. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 2251

Clinical Microbiology 3 ch (3C)

Introduction to the fundamental concepts of infectious disease microbiology.


7 | P a g e

Discusses bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Note: This course is not equivalent to BIOL 2073, and is restricted to students who have not received prior credit for BIOL 2073. As well, Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology Credit, only as an elective.

BIOL 24692289

Work Term Report I. Cr

A written report on the scientific activities of the work term in a field of Biology as part of the Co‐operative Education Program in Science. Credit for the course is dependent in part on the employer's evaluation of the student's work. Student must be accepted into the Co‐operative Work Experience Program in Biology in order to register for this course. (Students must have a GPA of 2.7 or better for BIOL Co‐op placement.)

BIOL 2501

Pathophysiology I 3 ch (3C) (LE)

Introduces students to the study of the disruption of the normal balance of selected systems of the human body by disease and other perturbations. Limited enrollment. Nursing students and BMLS students have first priority; others need permission of the instructor. Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology Credit, only as an elective. Prerequisite: BIOL 1782. Credit will not be given for both BIOL 2501 and 2509.

BIOL 2509 Pathophysiology I ‐ Online 3 ch (3C)

This course is the online version of BIOL 2501. Nursing and BMLS students must first take BIOL 2501. BIOL 2509 is available to students prior to enrolment in Nursing, and current Nursing and BMLS students with permission of the instructor. This course is also available to other students (e.g. from Science) as an elective. The course introduces students to the study of the disruption of the normal balance of selected systems of the human body by disease and other perturbations. Prerequisite: BIOL 1782. Credit will not be given for both BIOL 2501 and 2509.

BIOL 2513

Pathophysiology II 3 ch (3C) (LE)

A continuation of BIOL 2501 with emphasis on perturbations to the normal functioning of organ systems.Limited enrollment. Nursing students and BMLS students have first priority; others need permission of the instructor. Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology Credit, only as an elective. Prerequisite: BIOL 2501 or 2509. Credit will not be given for both BIOL 2513 and 2519.


8 | P a g e

BIOL 2519 Pathophysiology II ‐ Online

3 ch (3C)

This course is the online version of BIOL 2513, and is a continuation of BIOL 2501 (or BIOL 2509) with emphasis on perturbations to the normal functioning of organ systems. Nursing and BMLS students must first take BIOL 2513. BIOL 2519 is available to current Nursing and BMLS students with permission of the instructor. This course is also available to other students (e.g. from Science) as an elective. Prerequisite: BIOL 2501 or 2509. Credit will not be given for both BIOL 2513 and 2519.

BIOL 2721

Human Physiology II 4 ch (3C 2L) (LE)

This course is a continuation of BIOL 1782 with emphasis on metabolism, muscle and bone physiology , immune responses and healing. Limited enrollment;, Kinesiology students have first priority. Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology Credit, only as an elective. Prerequisite: BIOL 1782.

BIOL 2753

Introduction to Human Anatomy

3ch (3C)

This course examines human anatomy from a regional perspective. It will emphasize the musculoskeletal, nervous and cardiovascular systems. Note: Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology Credit, only as an elective. Students cannot get credit for both this course and BIOL 2812.

BIOL 2761

Human Physiology – Metabolism

3ch (3C)

This is an introductory level course in human physiology. Selected topics covered include metabolism, muscle and bone physiology, the immune system, healing and homeostasis. Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology credit, only as an elective. Students cannot get credit for both this course and BIOL 2721. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006.

BIOL 2792

Human Physiology ‐ Systems

3 ch (3C)

This course will introduce students to the various systems that comprise the human body with emphasis on the integration of these systems for maintenance of homeostasis. The systems that will be covered in detail are the cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, renal system, endocrine system, gastro‐intestinal system and the nervous system. Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology Credit, only as an elective. Students cannot get credit for both this course and BIOL 1782.

BIOL Human Anatomy II 4 ch (3C 2L) (LE)


9 | P a g e

2812

This course is a continuation of BIOL 1711 which will study human anatomy from a regional perspective, and will expand especially upon the musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Limited enrollment; Kinesiology students have first priority. Biology majors and minors cannot count this course as a Biology Credit, only as an elective. Prerequisite: BIOL 1711 or 1719.

BIOL 3031

Cell Signaling 3 ch (3C)

Examines the principles of gene expression and cellular regulation. The perception of extra‐ and intracellular signals, intracellular signal transduction pathways and the control of cell function will be examined while emphasizing experimental approaches. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2043, Recommended: BIOL 2053.

BIOL 3058

Genetic Analysis Laboratory

4ch (5C/L/T) (LE)

An exploration of gene inheritance, mutation, regulation of gene expression, and genetic interactions. The laboratories involve the use of model eukaryotic organisms to ask questions about physiology and development at the organismal, cellular and molecular levels. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 2025, 2053.

BIOL 3073

Biochemical Aspects of Gene Expression

3 ch (3C)

The structures and functions of all biological entities are dependent upon regulated gene expression. In this course, we will explore selected topics in gene expression from a molecular genetic and biochemical perspective. Topics may include: genome and gene structure, the processes of transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the structures and functions of RNA polymerase and the ribosome, the fine scale structures of gene promoters, and a detailed mechanistic examination of how gene expression is regulated in the cell. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2053, 2073. Recommended: BIOL 2025.

BIOL 3102

Somatic Cytology and Histology (O)

4 ch (2C 3L) (LE)

A study of cell structure using prepared slides. Normally offered in intersession or summer session. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 3113

Evolutionary Ecology 5 ch (3C 3L)

This lecture and lab‐based course explores key ideas about ecological causes of evolutionary change. Topics will include natural and sexual selection, life histories,


10 | P a g e

phenotypic plasticity, mating systems, evolutionary conflict, and co‐evolution. Prerequisites: BIOL 2113, 2143.

BIOL 3133

Selected Topics in Biochemistry I (A)

3 ch (3C)

Principles of intermediate metabolism with particular reference to physical exercise and selected biomedical topics. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2043.

BIOL 3149

Independent Studies 3 ch (R) [W]

Allows academically strong, highly motivated students to write a report on a subject of interest. The student should discuss the topic with the staff member best qualified to give approval of the subject matter and to give guidance during the year. Application is made to the Director of Undergraduate Studies (Biology Department).

BIOL 3153

Selected Topics in Biochemistry II (A)

3 ch (3C)

A medically oriented course which emphasizes molecular underpinnings of the healthy and diseased states with particular reference to topics in blood biochemistry. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2043.

BIOL 3163

Selected Topics in Biochemistry III (A)

3 ch (3C)

A medically oriented course which emphasizes molecular underpinnings of the healthy and diseased states with particular reference to topics in bone and joint biochemistry. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2043.

BIOL 3173

Marine Biology Field Course

4 ch (C/L/T) (LE)

Introduces the study of the seashore and coastal waters. Emphasizes nature and ecology of littoral flora and fauna and practical methods of study. Held at the Huntsman Marine Science Centre in St. Andrews, N.B. Twelve days in length, given immediately after spring examinations. A charge for accommodation is required. Enrollment limited, selection based on CGPA. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 3181

Embryology 4 ch (2C 3L) (LE)

A laboratory investigation of the dynamics of embryonic development in animals. Students will observe and manipulate the development of living and fixed


11 | P a g e

embryos representing a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate species, focusing on developing a conceptual understanding of the establishment of embryonic axes, origins of tissues and organs, the spatial and temporal relationships between structures, and the technological approaches to investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying developmental specification and morphogenesis. Advanced microscopy and image processing, micro‐dissection, histochemical and molecular biological techniques will be applied. Students will be required to develop and demonstrate a novel laboratory investigation elucidating some aspect of animal development and/or develop a technique or teaching tool that can be applied to the investigation of embryonic development. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 2043, 2053. Strongly recommended: BIOL 2033, 2093.

BIOL 3206

Advanced Microbiology Laboratory

4 ch (2C 3L) (LE) [W]

Biochemical, molecular and genetic methods are applied to the study of bacteria and their viruses. Projects examine cell structure, function and physiological responses of bacteria, and the life cycle, genetics and assembly of bacteriophage T4. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 2025, 2033, 2043, 2053, 2073, or equivalents. Pre‐ or co‐requisite: BIOL 3261. Recommended: BIOL 3493.

BIOL 3242

Molecular Evolution 3 ch (3C)

The course provides a synthesis of our understanding of evolution at the molecular level. It covers the dynamics of evolutionary change (i.e., rates and patterns), the driving forces behind the evolutionary process, the effects of various molecular mechanisms and processes on the structure and evolution of genes and genomes. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033 , 2053. Strongly recommended: BIOL 2143.

BIOL 3261

Microbial Physiology 3 ch (3C)

Principles of prokaryotic physiology including synthesis and function of cellular components, metabolism and growth, and regulation of cellular processes. Topics include the response of bacteria to environmental factors, the physiology of bacterial‐host interactions, bacterial genetics, and molecular and genomic tools to study microbial physiology. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2043, 2053, 2073.

BIOL 3279

Work Term Report II Cr

A written report on the scientific activities of the work term in a field of Biology as part

of the Co‐operative Education Program in Science. Credit for the course is dependent in


12 | P a g e

part on the employer's evaluation of the student's work. Student must be accepted into the Co‐operative Work Experience Program in Biology in order to register for this course. (Students must have a GPA of 2.7 or better for BIOL Co‐op placement.) Prerequisite: Work Term I in a field of ScienceBIOLBIOL 2469.

BIOL 3289

Work Term Report III Cr

A written report on the scientific activities of the work term in a field of Biology as part of the Co‐operative Education Program in Science. Credit for the course is dependent in part on the employer’s evaluation of the student’s work. Student must be accepted into the Co‐operative Work Experience Program in Biology in order to register for this course. (Students must have a GPA of 2.7 or better for BIOL Co‐op placement.) Prerequisite: Work Term II in a field of ScienceBIOLBIOL 3279.

BIOL 3293

Population Genetics 4 ch (3C 2L)

An introduction to the branch of evolutionary biology concerned with the genetic structure of populations and how it changes through space and time. Topics will include the main evolutionary forces and their effects on patterns of phenotypic and molecular variation within and among populations, molecular markers and their applications in evolutionary and conservation biology, and an introduction to unifying concepts such as the genetics of speciation, molecular evolution, and population genomics. Laboratory sessions will emphasize the use of different computer packages for the analysis and interpretation of the data encountered in population genetics. Prerequisites: BIOL 2053, 2143; STAT 2264 or equivalent. Recommended: BIOL 2113.

BIOL 3301

Taxonomy of the Flowering Plants (O)

5 ch (3C 3L)

Why is it that the flowering plants are the most recently evolved of all the major plant groups yet they are by far the most diverse and abundant? The diversity of flowering plants and their identification, description and classification will be emphasized in relation to the flora of New Brunswick and major flowering plant families of the world. Prerequisite: BIOL 2083.

BIOL 3311

Immunobiology 3 ch (3C)

Production and function of the immunoglobulins, characteristics of immunogens, prevention of infectious disease, hypersensitivity and allergy, transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2043 or permission of the instructor.

BIOL Research Foundations 4 ch (C/L/T) (LE)


13 | P a g e

3383 in Field Ecology

Introduces field biology with emphasis on the organism, population and ecosystem levels of complexity. Based on direct observation, field techniques and analysis. Held just prior to the beginning of the academic year ‐ 6 days in length. Further work must be completed during the Fall term. Enrollment is limited, based on CGPA. The location of this course may vary. Depending upon the location, accommodation will be required. Please refer to notices posted in the Biology Department. Prerequisite: BIOL 2113 or equivalent.

BIOL 3423

Forest Tree Genetics and Genomics (A)

3 ch (3C)

Principles of variation and inheritance in forest trees will be introduced. Then, various genetics, genomics, biotechnology and breeding concepts and principles and their applications in tree biology, tree improvement, silviculture, conservation of genetic resources and sustainable forest management, will be discussed. The topics will include: basic principles of quantitative, molecular, population and conservation genetics; genetic variation, differentiation and evolution of populations; reproductive biology; ecophysiological genetics of adaptation; tree improvement concepts, methods and programs; silvicultural practices and genetic resource conservation; discovery and functional analysis of genes; organization and mapping of genomes; marker‐assisted selection and molecular breeding; and genetic engineering of forest trees. This course is cross‐listed as FOR 3425; students cannot receive credit for both BIOL 3423 and FOR 3425. Prerequisite: BIOL 2053 or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 3441

Forest Ecology: Populations and Communities

4 ch (3C 3L)

To understand and link processes acting on individuals, populations and communities in space and time. To predict the response of individuals, populations and communities to disturbance, and to understand the implications of such responses for management of populations, communities and ecosystems. This course is cross‐listed as FOR 3445; students cannot receive credit for both BIOL 3441 and FOR 3445. Prerequisites: BIOL 2083, 2113, or FOR 2425, 2505.

BIOL 3459

Economic Botany (O) 3 ch (3C)

Discusses concepts and principles that can be derived from the biological, sociological and economic impact of the use of plants for food, shelter, landscaping and general well‐being. Considers the different methods and reasons why various plants are cultivated and/or utilized by humans. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.


14 | P a g e

BIOL 3493

Introduction to Virology 3 ch (3C)

This course covers the fundamental features of virology including the structure and classification of viruses. We will examine the processes of viral attachment, replication, expression and assembly, and discuss various virus‐host interactions including transmission, latency, evolution and disease. Modern advances in virology will also be addressed such as antivirals, vaccines, prion diseases and viral ecology. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2043. Recommended: BIOL 2073.

BIOL 3521

Plant Function: Physiology and Metabolism

5 ch (3C 3L)

The course will focus on the mechanisms underlying the uptake, transport and use of carbon, water, and mineral nutrients to provide an introduction to how plants make a living. Photosynthesis, respiration, water and mineral relations are discussed at the biochemical, cellular, whole‐leaf and whole‐plant scales. The relationship between primary metabolism and global atmospheric climate change will be discussed. Additional topics include the effect of abiotic environmental stresses on plants, including herbivory, extreme temperature, drought, flooding, and pollution. Prerequisites: BIOL 2025, 2033.

BIOL 3541

Plant Ecology (A) 5 ch (3C 3L)

A course on the factors affecting the distribution and abundance of plants, how pattern and structure at the level of populations and communities can be described quantitatively, and how these arise from the interaction of abiotic (climate, fire, soil) and biotic (competition, herbivory) factors. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 3593

Basic Animal Histology (O)

4 ch (2C 3L)

Histology, or micro‐anatomy, is the study of cells, tissues, and organs using microscopic techniques. The aim of this course is to integrate both the form and function of animal tissues, and examine why tissues and cells are arranged the way they are. At the end of the course, students should be able to identify and describe histological images and understand how the cellular arrangement of organs enables them to perform specialized functions. This course is intended for upper level undergraduates having at least some knowledge of cell biology, and will be of particular interest to students wanting a career in biomedical sciences and health professions. This introduction to the scientific study of animal tissues by light microscopy will examine, through lecture and laboratory, various tissues and organs from vertebrate animal species, as well as the cell types that make up these structures. Methods used in histology will also be reviewed. Normally offered in intersession or summer session.


15 | P a g e

Prerequisites: BIOL 2033 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Co‐requisite: BIOL 3043.

BIOL 3602

Invertebrate Zoology (A)

5 ch (3C 3L)

A study of the invertebrate phyla, emphasizing evolutionary origins, adaptive morphology and physiology, while covering anatomical ground plans and basic developmental patterns. Laboratory exercises include numerous dissections, and students doing an anatomical atlas of an invertebrate animal of their choice. Prerequisite: BIOL 2093.

BIOL 3633

Biological Oceanography

3 ch (3C)

This course considers how oceans, which cover more than 70% of the earth’s surface, act as a dominant environmental force. It examines the processes regulating the abundance, diversity, distribution and production of microbes, phytoplankton, zooplankton and higher trophic levels. By exploring the influences of physical factors (i.e. tides, waves, upwelling, light), we will see how temporal and spatial scales are critical for understanding the living ocean. Prerequisites: BIOL 2113; and CHEM 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Recommended: two of BIOL 2073, 2083, or 2093. Note: Students planning to take the Marine Block Semester should take BIOl 3633 in advance.

BIOL 3673

General Parasitology 3 ch (3C)

The biology of parasites of humans, animals of veterinary significance, and wildlife species. This course serves to integrate parasite life history, epidemiology, molecular interactions at the host‐parasite interface, mechanisms of infection, host immune responses, parasite immune evasion mechanisms, pathology, diagnostics, control strategies, and therapeutics. Prerequisite: BIOL 2033. Recommended: BIOL 2093.

BIOL 3703

Vertebrate Zoology 5 ch (3C 3L) (LE)

Stresses interrelationships between structure and function particularly as responses to a variable environment. Considers phylogeny and taxonomy of major groups. Limited enrollment. Prerequisite: BIOL 2093.

BIOL 3801

Animal Physiology 3 ch (3C)

This course examines, at a fundamental level, the ways by which animals function, with an emphasis on physiological adaptations to the environment. Topics covered include respiration and circulation, metabolism and bioenergetics, thermal


16 | P a g e

adaptation, ionic and osmotic regulation, and integrative neuromuscular, endocrine, and sensory physiology. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017. Strongly recommended: BIOL 2033, 2043, 2093.

BIOL 3833

Thanatobiology 4 ch (3C 2L 1S)

Death is inevitable for all organisms; yet we are fascinated by death because, for most of us, it remains a mystery. The process by which humans sustain life, through both natural and artificial means, has been exhaustively studied by medical professionals. While most people think of death as instantaneous event, it is in fact a chain of biological and chemical events. This individualised process depends on a wide range of variables, yet with the same inevitable result. This course will examine the science behind the process of dying in humans, and the changes that occur in the body before, during and after death, with an introduction to forensic sciences. Prerequisite: One of BIOL 2033, 2053, 2113, 2753, 2812, or ANTH 1002, or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 3873

Ethology 3 ch (3C)

Considers physiological foundations of behaviour and deals with topics of motivation, displacement behaviour, hormones, evolution and learning. Prerequisites: BIOL 1001, 1006, 1012, 1017.

BIOL 3883

Entomology (O) 5 ch (3C 3L)

Ecology, evolution, taxonomy, and diversity of insects, both terrestrial and aquatic. This course studies the most diverse group of animals on Earth: the Insecta. Topics include insect body plans, growth, and development; major evolutionary groups of insects; ecological and economic importance of insects; insect collection and identification. Students will make and curate insect collections (this will be accomplished most easily by students who begin the summer before taking the course; interested students should contact the instructor for more information). Prerequisite: BIOL 2093 or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 3908

Laboratory Studies in Vertebrate Physiology

3 ch (1C 3L) (LE) [W]

A study of selected physiological concepts via laboratory experimentation, with emphasis on presentation and interpretation of data in relation to the literature. Limited enrollment. Prerequisite: BIOL 2025; pre‐ or co‐requisite: BIOL 3801.

BIOL 3943

Hypothesis Testing in Biology

3ch (C/L/S)

This course provides an introduction to methods that Biologists use to address,


17 | P a g e

develop and test hypotheses in biology. We will ask: How do students, researchers, and professionals in biology set up questions for their research and/or assess evidence? How do they design their experiments? What traps and pitfalls do they know to look out for? How do we know if a scientific study is flawed? This course focuses more on ideas about why we do statistics and how to interpret them, rather than the mathematical details of different tests. Examples will range from cell biology to community ecology. Students will be exposed to a range of computer software necessary to explore, interpret and understand data and test hypotheses. This course will be important for students taking upper‐year lab or field courses and Honours by thesis. Prerequisite: Stat 2264 or equivalent.

BIOL 4082

Advanced Genetics 3 ch (3C)

Selected topics in genetics that include both classical and molecular approaches, such as genome organization, biochemical genetics, developmental genetics, behavioural genetics, and regulation of cell growth. The process of research, particularly experimental design and interpretation of results is emphasized. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2043, 2053, 2073, or equivalent. Recommended: Completion of the Year II Organismal component.

BIOL 4090

Honours Thesis Project 6 ch [W]

Biology and Biology‐Chemistry Honours students in Biology or in an interdepartmental

program with Biology (e.g., Biology‐Chemistry) who wish to undertake a thesis project in Biology are encouraged to make their wishes known to individual members of faculty. If a potential supervisor is found, the student will obtain an instruction sheet from the Undergraduate Biology office and make application to the Chair of Biology for admission into BIOL 4090 before preregistration at the end of the third year. This course involves preparation, design and execution of a research project under the direct supervision of a member of the Department as well as the preparation of a formal thesis and defense of the thesis in a seminar presentation. Note: Minimum CGPA for acceptance is 3.0. A student cannot receive credit for both BIOL 4090 and 4149.

BIOL 4123

Selected Topics in Evolution

3 ch (3C)

“Nothing makes sense except in the light of evolution” (Dobzhansky, 1964). This course discusses the most important developments in modern evolutionary biology, and includes topics such as the origin of life; the evolution of cells; the evolution of multicellularity, development and cancer; the evolution of individuality and complexity; the evolution of cooperation and altruism; the evolution of sex and death; the evolution of societies and languages. In addition, the course examines


18 | P a g e

specific evolutionary mechanisms, forces and consequences, such as mutation and selection, symbiosis, life history traits, germ‐soma separation and cell differentiation. Prerequisites: BIOL 2043, 2053, 2143.

BIOL 4149

Senior Research Project 5 ch [W]

Gives academically strong and highly motivated students in Year IV an opportunity to do a literature or research project on a subject of interest. The student should discuss the topic with the staff member best qualified to give approval of the subject matter and to give guidance during the year. Application is made to the Biology Director of Undergraduate Studies. A student cannot receive credit for both BIOL 4090 and 4149.

BIOL 4162

Developmental Biology of Animals

3 ch (3C)

In‐depth discussion and analysis of animal development emphasizing biochemical and molecular aspects of the phenomena involved using selected examples. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2043, 2053. Recommended: BIOL 2093 and 3181.

BIOL 4191

Wildlife Management (A)

3 ch (3C)

Studies biological, economic, and human factors affecting wildlife populations. Prerequisite: BIOL 2113.

BIOL 4221

Diversity, Evolution and Ecology of Marine Plants

5 ch (C/L/S) (LE)

This course will survey the diversity of marine plants (seaweed and phytoplankton) relative to one another and the other key lineages of life; exploring their diverse anatomical, cytological, life history and ecological attributes. In the laboratory students will use microscopy to explore vegetative and reproductive features of the various marine plants in our area. A significant component of the laboratory portion of the course will derive from work in the field collecting specimens for personal herbaria and completing biodiversity assessments (a cost may be associated with this trip). Prerequisite: BIOL 2083 or permission of the instructor. Limited enrollment. Normally taken in the same term as BIOL 4641, 4851, 4991 as part of the Marine Biology Concentration.

BIOL Conservation Biology 3 ch (3C/L)


19 | P a g e

4233

An overview of the theory and practice of maintaining biological diversity at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. The course focuses on scientific principles and technical tools in conservation biology. Pre‐ or co‐requisite: BIOL 2113 or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 4272

Communication in the Biochemicalstry SeminarSciences

3 ch (4S) (LE) [W]

A project‐oriented seminar course where for students in their last year of study in the Biology‐Chemistry program. will examine all aspects of a selected topic. The theme will involve biochemistry but sStudents will select, investigate, discuss and communicate

(written and oral) the important principles of their topic to different target audiences. The

topic will have a biochemical focus, but students are expected to explore the political, social, economic, and ethical aspects of the topic to fully examineconsider the impact of biochemistry on society as a whole. Students are expected to give seminars, participate in discussion and write on the assigned topic. This course is designed for students in their last year of study and has Llimited enrollment; students in Biology may

enroll with the permission of the instructor and availability of space. Prerequisites: BIOL 3031, 4082 or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 4289

Work Term Report IV Cr

A written report on the scientific activities of the work term in a field of Biology as part of the Co‐operative Education Program in Science. Credit for the course is dependent in part on the employer’s evaluation of the student’s work. Student must be accepted into the Co‐operative Work Experience Program in Biology in order to register for this course. (Students must have a GPA of 2.7 or better for BIOL Co‐op placement.) Prerequisite: Work Term III in a field of ScienceBIOLBIOL 3289.

BIOL 4352

Climate Change and Environmental Response

3 ch (3C)

Examines theories and patterns of climate change since the last Ice Age. A variety of paleoecological techniques applied to a number of fossil organisms will be discussed in relation to the information they yield about past environments. Prerequisite: Introductory course in anthropology, biology, or geology. May only be taken by students who have completed two years of their program.

BIOL 4413

Environmental Plant Physiology (O)

3 ch (3C/S)


20 | P a g e

An advanced seminar‐style course emphasizing the responses of photosynthesis and other key aspects of plant metabolism to short ‐ and long ‐ term environmental variation. Among the topics that may be considered are the effect of changing atmospheric CO2, the acclimation to elevated temperatures, the physiological adaptations that influence plant energy balance, and the regulation of photosynthesis. Prerequisite: BIOL 3521 or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 4423

Resource Conservation Genetics (A)

3 ch (3C)

This class will examine the application of genetic principles, concepts and biotechnologies in conservation, sustainable management and restoration of natural and managed resources. The topics will include: concepts of genetic resources, genetic biodiversity and other population genetic parameters, demography, conservation, sustainable management, ecological restoration, and minimum viable population size; indicators for population viability; exploration, evaluation, utilization, and conservation of genetic resources; genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation, resource management practices, domestication, climate change, and natural disturbance; and challenges, opportunities and strategies for conservation and sustainable management of genetic resources. This course is cross‐listed as FOR 4425; students cannot receive credit for both BIOL 4423 and FOR 4425. Prerequisite: BIOL 2053 or 2143, or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 4443

International Ecology Field Course (A)

4 ch (C/L/T) (LE)

This course allows students an on‐site exposure and understanding of ecological interactions of soil, climate, plants and animals in a region outside of the Maritimes. A 10‐14 day field trip to the region is required. Weekly seminars will be held in the period before the field trip. Students will be charged for travel and costs associated with the course. Limited enrollment. Open to biology and forestry students, or with permission of the instructor.

BIOL 4533

Bioinformatics: Computational Analysis of Genes and Genomes

4ch (2C 4L) (LE)

Explores computational methods used in sequence analysis of genomes, genes, RNAs, and proteins. Topics include sequence alignment, genome database searching, gene prediction, RNA and protein structure, DNA and protein sequence comparison, and phylogenetic analysis. These topics will be integrated into the context of research in genetics and molecular biology. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 2033, 2043, 2053, 2025.


21 | P a g e

BIOL 4563

Mathematical Biology (A)

3 ch (3C)

Overview of the field of mathematical biology. Development, simulation and analysis of simple mathematical models describing biological systems. Equal emphasis is placed on developing simple models and case studies of successful models. The principal mathematical tools are differential and difference equations, finite mathematics, probability and statistics. This course is intended for students in their third or fourth year having an interest in biological research. Prerequisites: a course in statistics, MATH 2003, 2013 or equivalent, or permission of the instructor. This course is cross‐listed as MATH 4563. Credit may not be obtained for both MATH 4563 and BIOL 4563.

BIOL 4641

Coastal Marine Ecology 5 ch (C/L/S) (LE)

This course examines the ecology of shorelines, with a focus on the Atlantic coast. Topics include the setting (continental drift, sea level, species origins, water movement), primary and secondary production, reproduction and recruitment, patterns (zonation) and processes (competition, mutualism, predation, disturbance), and main habitats (rocky shores, mudflats, salt marshes) There may be an additional charge for one‐day field trips. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: BIOL 2093, 2105, 2113. Normally taken in the same term as BIOL 4221, 4851, 4991 as part of the Marine Biology Concentration.

BIOL 4688

Applied Studies in Parasitology

4 ch (C/L/S) (LE) [W]

Designed as a follow up to a general lecture‐based course in Parasitology, and to be offered during intersession or summer session. This course emphasizes the hands‐on study of animal parasites and will incorporate both field investigations and laboratory work. Students will receive training in postmortem examination, microscopy, histology, diagnostics (morphological, molecular, and immunological), experimental design, scientific writing and data presentation. There may be an additional charge for field trips (e.g. to aquaculture sites, domestic livestock farms). Limited enrollment. Prerequisite: BIOL 3673 or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 4723

Ornithology 5 ch (3C 3L) [W]

Studies birds; natural selection, morphological adaptations, migration, behaviour, and reproduction, in an ecological way. Prerequisite: BIOL 2093 or permission of the


22 | P a g e

instructor.

BIOL 4732

Mammalogy 5 ch (3C 3L)

Studies mammals, covering taxonomy, adaptations, reproduction, populations, physiology, behaviour and ecology. Pre‐ or co‐requisite: BIOL 2093.

BIOL 4741

Fish Biology 2 ch (2C)

A comprehensive study of fishes from the Agnatha to specialized teleosts. Topics covered include functional morphology, phylogeny, reproduction, predator‐prey relations, behaviour, populations and communities, aquatic ecosystems, and conservation biology. Prerequisites: BIOL 2093, 2113, or permission of the instructor. Recommended: BIOL 2105, 2143.

BIOL 4746

Advanced Studies in Ichthyology

4 ch (L/S) (LE) [W]

An intensive course that stresses laboratory and field investigations of aspects of ichthyology covered in BIOL 4741. Field trips to freshwater and marine sites will focus on assessing population size, species diversity and environmental impacts. Laboratory exercises will include ageing, fish taxonomy, and comparative functional morphology. Work will incorporate both group study and individual projects with an emphasis on scientific analysis and interpretation of data including a formal seminar presentation. Limited enrollment. Prerequisite: BIOL 2093. Co‐requisite: BIOL 4741 or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 4773

River and Lake Ecosystems (A)

3 ch (3C)

Provides a foundation of understanding of ecosystem processes in streams, lakes, and wetlands. Physical and biological components of such systems will be presented, and concepts and theories defining freshwater ecology will be discussed. Prerequisite: BIOL 2113.

BIOL 4823

Life in Extreme Environments

3 ch (3C)

This course will examine the morphology, physiology and (where applicable) behaviour of organisms that thrive in environments that most living things could not survive. Collectively referred to as “extremophiles”, these organisms will be studied in relation to (1) the type of extreme environment they exist in, (2) why the particular conditions are so difficult for other life forms, and (3) how the particular extremophile has evolved and/or adapted to allow it to exist under the conditions described.


23 | P a g e

Prerequisites: BIOL 2143; two of BIOL 2073, 2083, 2093; and one of BIOL 3261, 3521, 3801.

BIOL 4851

Ecology of Marine Birds 5 ch (C/L/S) (LE)

This course treats seabirds as important components of marine food‐webs. Fundamental adaptations (structure, function, physiology, life‐history) of seabirds will be linked to the ecological processes driving them. The influence of major oceanographic patterns (bathymetry, currents, upwellings) on seabird distribution and numbers will be explored. Through exploration of the role of seabirds as predators of other marine biota, and in nutrient transfer between marine and terrestrial systems, students will gain a thorough understanding of the roles played by seabirds in marine and coastal systems. Course includes an overnight field trip to Grand Manan Island, for which there may be an extra cost. Examples will be drawn from current seabird research especially in Atlantic Canada. Limited enrollment. Prerequisite: BIOL 2093 or permission of the instructor. Recommended: BIOL 3633. Normally taken in the same term as BIOL4221, 4641, 4991 as part of the Marine Biology Concentration.

BIOL 4863

Environmental Biology 4 ch (5C/L/S) (LE) [W]

Examines the effects of human activity upon the environment, both locally and globally. There may be an additional charge for field trips. Limited enrollment. Pre‐ or co‐requisite: BIOL 2113 or equivalent.

BIOL 4899

Population Analyses (O)

3 ch (5C/L/S)

An evaluation of basic sampling and statistical issues for the design, analysis, and interpretation of animal and plant population research. Topics include sampling allocation, sampling sizes, P and Type errors, power and univariate vs multivariate tests; density dependence; assumptions and models; survival and natality rate analyses. Examples are based on contemporary research and literature. Prerequisites: introductory ecology and statistics courses, or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 4991

Aquaculture in Canada 5 ch (C/L/S) (LE)

Aquaculture is the aquatic equivalent to terrestrial agriculture. We are in the midst of a global transition from hunting and gathering wild aquatic organisms to farming them. This course examines the biological principles and constraints of commercial and pilot‐scale aquaculture in Canada, with emphasis on the Atlantic region. Although the focus of the course is on fish culture, consideration is also given to bivalve and


24 | P a g e

seaweed culture. Topics covered include controlled reproduction, genetics and biotechnology, nutrition and feeding, stress and disease, and sustainability. Includes an overnight field trip to the Bay of Fundy to visit commercial and research facilities (a cost may be associated with this trip). Limited enrollment. Prerequisite: BIOL 2093 or permission of the instructor. Normally taken in the same term as BIOL 4221, 4641, 4851 as part of the Marine Biology Concentration.

BIOL 5473

Experimental Design and Data Analysis in Biology and Forestry

3 ch (3C, 1T)

Introduces students who have previously taken a formal class in statistics to the practice and pitfalls of experimental design and data analysis in biology and forestry. It is intended for both graduate students and final year undergraduates (enrolled in an honours or senior research project). It will be jointly taught by faculty members from the Departments of Mathematics/Statistics, Biology and/or Forestry. Topics will be selected from sampling designs, experimental designs, parametric and non‐parametric analysis, power analysis, and regression. The course will include discussion of examples in the literature. Students will also be analysing and interpreting data sets arising from their field of research. Prerequisite: STAT 2264 or equivalent.

BIOL 6000

Series courses: (Graduate courses offered by the Department of Biology)

Graduate courses are open to undergraduates who can show that a course is of special value to them in their area of specialization. For details of courses offered consult the Calendar of the School of Graduate Studies and Research.

Documents

BIOL BIOLOGY · Includes techniques and approaches to the study of life at the cellular level; topics in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: