REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

Chapters 1 and 2

Atkinson, D.E. (1977) Cellular Energy Metabolism and Its Regulation. Academic Press Inc. Forti, G. (1977) 'Flavoproteins', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (A. Pirson

and M.H. Zimmermann, eds.), Vol. 5, Photosynthesis I. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 222-226.

Goodwin, T.W. and Mercer, E.l. (1983) Introduction to Plant Biochemistry, 2nd edition. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Lehninger, A.L. (1971) Bioenergetics: The Molecular Basis of Biological Energy Transform-ations. W.A. Benjamin, California.

Morowitz, H.J. (1978) Foundations of Bioenergetics. Academic Press, New York. Morris, J.G. (1974) A Biologist's Physical Chemistry, 2nd edition. Edward Arnold, London. Palmer, G. (1975) 'Iron-sulfur proteins', in The Enzymes (P.D. Boyer, ed.), Vol. XII,

Academic Press, New York, 2- 56. Pradet, A. and Raymond, P. (1983) Adenine nucleotide ratios and adenylate energy charge in

energy metabolism. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 34, 199-224. Smith, E.L., Hill, R.L.,Lehman, l.R., Lefkowitz, R.J., Handler, P. and White, A. (1983)

Principles of Biochemistry: General Aspects, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 241-258.

Stryer, L. (1981) Biochemistry, 2nd edition. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 235- 247.

Chapter 3

Chance, B. (1977) Electron transfer: pathways, mechanisms and controls, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 46, 967-980.

Dennis, D.T. (1983) 'Energy metabolism in plants', in Plant Physiology: A Treatise (F.C. Steward, ed), Vol. VII, Energy and Carbon Metabolism (F.C. Steward and R.G.S. Bidwell, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 163- 286.

Ernster, L. (1977) Chemical and chemiosmotic aspects of electron transport-linked phos­phorylation. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 46, 981-995.

Mitchell, P. (1961) Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemiosmotic type of mechanism. Nature (London) 191, 144-148.

Mitchell, P. ( 1966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Bioi. Rev. 41, 445-502.

Mitchell, P. (1972) Structural and functional organization of energy-transducing membranes and their ion-conducting properties. FEBS Symp. 28, 353-370.

Mitchell, P. (1976) Vectorial chemistry and the molecular mechanics of chemiosmotic coupling: power transmission by proticity, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 4, 399- 430.

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Mitchell, P. (1977) Vectorial chemiosmotic processes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 46, 996-1005. Nicholls, D.G. (1982) Bioenergetics: An Introduction to the Chemiosmotic Theory. Academic

Press, London. Williams, R.J.P. (1978) The multifarious couplings of energy transduction. Biochim. Biophys.

Acta 505, 1- 44.

Chapter 4

Baird, B.A. and Hammes, G .G. (1979) Structure of oxidative- and photo-phosphorylation coupling factor complexes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 549, 31-53.

Boyer, P.D. (1977) Coupling mechanisms in capture, transmission and use of energy. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 46, 957- 966.

Boyer, P.D. (1977) Conformational coupling in oxidative phosphorylation and photophos­phorylation. Trends in Biochem. Sci. 2, 38-41.

Cross, R.L. (I 981) The mechanism and regulation of ATP synthesis by F 1-ATPases. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 50, 681-714.

Day, D.A., Arron, G.P. and La ties, G.C. (1980) 'Nature and control of respiratory pathways in plants: the interaction of cyanide-resistant respiration with the cyanide-sensitive pathway', in The Biochemistry of Plants (E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf, eds.), Vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, 197-241.

Dennis, D.T. (1983) 'Energy metabolism in plants', in Plant Physiology: A Treatise (F.C. Steward, ed.), Vol. VII, Energy and Carbon Metabolism (F.C. Steward and R.G.S. Bidwell, eds), Academic Press, New York, 163-286.

Douce, R. (1985) Mitochondria in Higher Plants: Structure, Function, and Biogenesis. American Society of Plant Physiologists Monograph Series, Academic Press, New York.

Ducet, G. (1985) Plant Mitochondrial Cytochromes. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18. Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 72-105.

Fillingame, R.H. (1980) The proton-translocating pumps of oxidative phosphorylation. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 49, 1079-1113.

Hatefi, Y. (1985) The mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation system. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 54, 1015-1020.

Lambers, H. (1985) 'Respiration in intact plants and tissues: its regulation and dependence on environmental factors, metabolism and invading organisms', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 418-474.

Lance, C., Chauvean, M. and Dizengremel, P. (1985) 'The cyanide-resistant pathway of plant mitochondria', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 202-247.

Laties, G.G. (1982) The cyanide-resistant, alternative path in higher plant respiration. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 33, 519-555.

Meeuse, B.J.D . (1975) Thermogenic respiration in aroids. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 26, 117-126. Mitchell, P. (1961) Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a

chemiosmotic type of mechanism, Nature (London) 191, 144-148. Mitchell, P. (I 966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation.

Bioi. Rev., 41, 445-502. Moore, A.L. and Rich, P.R. (1980) The bioenergetics of plant mitochondria. Trends in

Biochem. Sci. 5, 284-288. Moore, A.L. and Rich, P.R. (1985) 'Organization of the respiratory chain and oxidative

phosphorylation', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 134-172.

134 BIOCHEMISTRY OF ENERGY UTILIZATION IN PLANTS

Nicholls, D.G. (1982) Bioenergetics: An Introduction to the Chemiosmotic Theory. Academic Press, London.

Papa, S. (1976) Proton translocation reactions in the respiratory chains. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 456, 39-84.

Palmer, J.M. and Ward, J.A. (1985) 'The oxidation of NADH by plant mitochondria', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 173-201.

Racker, E. ( 1977) Mechanisms of energy transformations. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 46, I 006-1014. Rieske, J.S. (1976) Composition, structure and function of complex III of the respiratory

chain. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 456, 195-247. Solomos, T. (1977) Cyanide-resistant respiration in higher plants. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 28,

279-297. Storey, B.T. (1980) 'Electron transport and energy coupling in plant mitochondria', in The

Biochemistry of Plants (E.E. Conn and P.K. Stumpf, eds.), Vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, 125-195.

Wilkstrom, M., Krab, K. and Saraste, M. (1981) Proton-translocating cytochrome com­plexes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 50, 623-656.

Chapter 5

Amesz, 1. (1977) 'Plastoquinone', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (A. Pirson and M.H. Zimmermann, eds.), Vol. 5, Photosynthesis/. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Phosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 238-246.

Arnon, D.l. (1977) 'Photosynthesis 1950-75: changing concepts and perspectives', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (A. Pirson and M.H. Zimmerman, eds.), Vol. 5, Photosynthesis I. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 7-56.

Arntzen, C.J. ( 1978) Dynamic structural features of chloroplast lamellae. Curr. Top. Bioenerg. 8, Ill-160.

Avron, M. (1981) 'Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation', in The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 8, Photosynthesis (M.D. Hatch and N.K. Boardman, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 164-193.

Baird, B.A. and Hammes, G.G. (1979) Structure of oxidative- and photo-phosphorylation coupling factor complexes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 549, 31-53.

Cogdell, R.J. (1983) Photosynthetic reaction centres. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 34, 21-45. Cramer, W.A. and Whitmarsh, J. (1977) Photosynthetic cytochromes, Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol.

28, 133-172. Dennis, D.T. (1983) 'Energy metabolism in plants', in Plant Physiology: A Treatise (F.C.

Stewarded), Vol. VII, Energy and Carbon Metabolism (F.C. Steward and R.G.S. Bidwell eds.), Academic Press, New York, 163-286.

Diner, B.A. and Joliot, P. (1977) 'Oxygen Evolution and Manganese', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (A. Pirson and M.H. Zimmermann, eds.), Vol. 5, Photosynthesis/. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 187-205.

Gimmler, H. ( 1977) 'Photophosphorylation in vivo', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (A. Pirson and M.H. Zimmerman, eds.), Vol. 5, Photosynthesis I. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 448-472.

Goldbeck, J.H., Lien, S. and San Pietro, A. (1977) 'Electron Transport in Chloroplasts', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology (A. Pirson and M.H. Zimmermann, eds.), Vol. 5,

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Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds. ), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 94-116.

Gregory, R.P.F. (1978) Biochemistry of Photosynthesis, 2nd edition. Wiley, Chichester. Haehnel, W. (I 984) Photosynthetic electron transport in higher plants. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol.

35, 659-693. Hall, D.O. and Rao, K.K. (1977) 'Ferredoxin', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. New

Series (A. Pirson and M.H. Zimmermann, eds.), Vol. 5, Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 206-216.

Hauska, G. and Trebst, A. (1977) Proton translocation in chloroplasts. Current Topics Bioenerg. 6, 151-220.

Jagendorf, A.T. (1977) 'Photophosphorylation', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (A. Pirson and M.H. Zimmermann, eds.), Vol. 5, Photosynthesis I. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 307-337.

Junge, W. ( 1977) 'Physical aspects of light harvesting electron transport and electrochemical potential generation in photosynthesis of green plants', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (A. Pirson and M.H. Zimmermann, eds.), Vol. 5, Photosynthesis I. Photo­synthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 59- 93.

Katoh, S. (1977) 'Piastocyanin', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (A. Pirson and M.H. Zimmermann, eds.), Vol. 5, Photosynthesis I. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 247-252.

Ke, B. (1978) The primary electron acceptors in green-plant photosystem I and photo­synthetic bacteria. Current Topics Bioenerg. 7, 75-138.

Malkin, R. (1982) Photosystem I. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 33, 455-479. Malkin, R. and Bearden, A.J. (1978) Membrane-bound iron-sulfur centers in photosynthetic

systems. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 505, 147-181. Mathis, P. and Paillotin, G . (1981) 'Primary processes of photosynthesis', in The Biochemistry

of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 8, Photosynthesis (M.D. Hatch and N.K. Boardman, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 98-163.

Sane, P.V. (1977) 'The topography of the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (A. Pirson and M.H. Zimmermann, eds.), Vol. 5, Photosynthesis I. Photosynthetic Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (A. Trebst and M. Avron, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 522-542.

Shavit, N. ( 1980) Energy transduction in chloroplasts: structure and function of the A TPase complex. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 49, 111-138.

Stratmann, H. and Bickel-Sandkotter, S. (1984) Structure, function and regulation of chloroplast ATPase. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 35,97-120.

Velthuys, B.R. (1980) Mechanisms of electron flow in photosystem II toward photosystem I. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 31, 545-567.

Chapter 6

Akazawa, T. and Okamoto, K. (1980) 'Biosynthesis and metabolism of sucrose', in The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 3, Carbohydrates: Structure and Function (J. Preiss, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 199-220.

ap Rees, T. (1980) 'Integration of pathways of synthesis and degradation of hexose

136 BIOCHEMISTRY OF ENERGY UTILIZATION IN PLANTS

phosphates', in The Biochemistry of Plants (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 3. Carbohydrates: Structure and Function (J. Preiss, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1-42.

ap Rees, T. (1985) 'The organization of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in plants', in Encyclopedia of P':mt Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 391-417.

Davies, D.O. (1979) The central role of phosphoenolpyruvate in plant metabolism. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 30, 131-158.

Ericson, M.C. and Elbein, A.D. (1980) 'Biosynthesis of cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins', in The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 3. Carbohydrates: Structure and Function (J. Preiss, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 589-616.

Feingold, D.S. and Avigad, G. (1980) 'Sugar nucleotide transformations in plants', in The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 3, Carbohydrates: Structure and Function (J. Preiss, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 102-170.

Preiss, J. (1982) Regulation of the biosynthesis and degradation of starch. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 33, 431-454.

Preiss, J. and Levi, C. (1980) 'Starch biosynthesis and degradation', in The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 3, Carbohy­drates: Structure and Function (J. Preiss, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 371-424.

Stitt, M. and Steup, M. (1985) 'Starch and sucrose degradation', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 347-390.

Chapter 7

Davies, D. D. (1979) The central role ofphosphenolpyruvate in plant metabolism. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 30, 131-158.

Douce, R. (1985) Mitochondria in Higher Plants: Structure, Function, and Biogenesis, American Society of Plant Physiologists Monograph Series, Academic Press, New York.

Hanson, J.B. (1985) 'Membrane transport systems of plant mitochondria', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 248-280.

Wiskich, J.T. and Dry, I.B. (1985) 'The tricarboxylic acid cycle in plant mitochondria: its operation and regulation', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 281-313.

Chapter 8

Alberts, A.W. and Greenspan, M.D. (1984) 'Animal and bacterial fatty acid synthetase: structure, function and regulation', in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Its Regulation (S. Numa, ed.), New Comprehensive Biochemistry, Vol. 7 (A. Neuberger and L.L.M van Deenen, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 29-58.

Beevers, H. (1978) 'The role of mitochondria in fatty seedling tissues', in Plant Mitochondria (G. Ducet and C. Lance, eds.), Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, 365-72.

Beevers, H. (1979) Microbodies in higher plants. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 30, 159-193. Beevers, H. (1980) 'The role of the glyoxylate cycle', in The Biochemistry of Plants (P.K.

Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 4, Lipids: Structure and Function (P.K. Stumpf, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 117-131.

Bremer, J. and Osmundsen, H. (1984) 'Fatty acid oxidation and its regulation', in Fatty Acid

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Metabolism and Its Regulation (S. Numa, ed.), New Comprehensive Biochemistry, Vol. 7. (A. Neuberger and L.L.M. van Deenen, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 113-154.

Dennis, D.T. and Miernyk, J.A. (1982) Compartmentation of nonphotosynthetic carbohy­drate metabolism. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 33, 27-50.

Kind), H. (1984) 'Lipid degradation in higher plants', in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Its Regulation (S. Numa, ed.), New Comprehensive Biochemistry, Vol. 7 (A. Neuberger and L.L.M. van Deenen, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 181-204.

Mettler, I.J. and Beevers, H. (1980) Oxidation of NADH in glyoxysomes by a malate­aspartate shuttle. Pl. Physiol. 66, 555-560.

Numa, S. and Tanabe, T. (1984) 'Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and its regulation', in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Its Regulation (S. Numa, ed.), New Comprehensive Biochemistry, Vol. 7 (A. Neuberger and L.L.M. van Deenen, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1-28.

Ohlrogge, J.B., Kuhn, D.N., Stumpf, P.K. (1979) Subcellular localization of acyl carrier protein in leafprotoplasts of Spinacia oleraceae. Proc. Nat/. A cad. Sci. USA 76, 1194-1198.

Stumpf, P.K. (1980) 'Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids', in The Biochemistry of Plants (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 4, Lipids: Structure and Function (P.K. Stumpf, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 177-204.

Stumpf, P.K. (1984) 'Fatty acid biosynthesis in higher plants', in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Its Regulation (S. Numa, ed.), New Comprehensive Biochemistry, Vol. 7 (A. Neuberger and L.L.M. van Deenen, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 155-180.

Tolbert, N.E. (1981) Metabolic pathways in peroxisomes and glyoxysomes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. SO, 133-158.

Trelease, R.N. (1984) Biogenesis of glyoxysomes. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 35, 321-347. Trelease, R.N. and Doman, D.C. (1984) 'Mobilization of oil and wax reserves', in Seed

Physiology, Vol. 2 (D.L. Murray, ed.), Academic Press, Australia, 201-245. Wakil, S.J., Stoops, J.K. and Joshi, V.C. (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its regulation. Ann.

Rev. Biochem. 52, 537-580.

Chapter 9

Bidwell, R.G.S. (1983) 'Carbon nutrition of plants: photosynthesis and respiration', in Plant Physiology: A Treatise (F.C. Steward, ed.), Vol. VII. Energy and Carbon Metabolism (F.C. Steward and R.G.S. Bidwell, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 287-458.

Buchanan, B.B. ( 1980) Role oflight in the regulation of chloroplast enzymes. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31, 341-374.

Buchanan, B.B., Wolosiuk, R.A. and Schurmann, P. (1979) Thioredoxin and enzyme regulation. Trends Biochem. Sci. 4, 93-96.

Gregory, R.P.F. (1978) Biochemistry of Photosynthesis, 2nd edition. Wiley, Chichester. Lorimer, G.H. (1981) The carboxylation and oxygenation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate: the

primary events in photosynthesis and photorespiration. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 32, 349-384. Lorimer, G.H. and Andrews, T.J. (1981) 'The C2 chemo- and photorespiratory carbon

oxidation cycle', in The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.) Vol. 8, Photosynthesis (M.D. Hatch and N.K. Boardman, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 330-375.

Miziorko, H.M. and Lorimer, G.H. (1983) Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase­oxygenase. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 52, 507-536.

Robinson, S.P. and Walker, D.A. (1981) 'Photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle', in The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 8, Photosynthesis (M.D. Hatch and N.K. Boardman, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 194-237.

138 BIOCHEMISTRY OF ENERGY UTILIZATION IN PLANTS

Chapter 10

Beevers, H. (1979) Microbodies in higher plants. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 30, 159-93. Bidwell, R.G.S. (1983) 'Carbon nutrition of plants: photosynthesis and respiration', in Plant

Physiology: A Treatise (F.C. Steward, ed.), Vol. VII, Energy and Carbon Metabolism (F.C. Steward and R.G.S. Bidwell, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 287-458.

Douce, R. (1985) 'The mechanism of glycine oxidation', in Mitochondria in Higher Plants: Structure, Functions, Biogenesis (R. Douce, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 190-203.

Lorimer, G.H. (1981) 'The carboxylation and oxygenation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate: the primary events in photosynthesis and photorespiration. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 32,349-384.

Lorimer, G.H. and Andrews, T.J. (1981) 'The C2 chemo- and photorespiratory carbon oxidation cycle', in The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn. eds.), Vol. 8, Photosynthesis (M.D. Hatch and N.K. Boardman, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 330-375.

Miziorko, H.M. and Lorimer, G.H. (1983) Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase­oxygenase. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 52, 507-536.

Tolbert, N.E. (1981) Metabolic pathways in peroxisomes and glyoxysomes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 50, 133-158.

Chapter 11

Bidwell, R.G.S. (1983) 'Carbon nutrition of plants: photosynthesis and respiration', in Plant Physiology: A Treatise (F.C. Steward, ed.), Vol. VII, Energy and Carbon Metabolism (F.C. Steward and R.G.S. Bidwell, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 287-458.

Edwards, G.E. and Huber, S.C. (1981) 'The C4 pathway', in The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E. E. Conn, eds.), Vol. 8, Photosynthesis (M.D. Hatch and N.K. Boardman, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 238-282.

Edwards, G.E., Nakamoto, H., Burnell, J.N. and Hatch, M.D. (1985) Pyruvate, Pi dikinase and NADP-malate dehydrogenase in C4 photosynthesis: properties and mechanism of light/dark regulation. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 36, 255-286.

Gardestrom, P. and Edwards, G.E. (1985) 'Leaf mitochondria (C3 + C4 +CAM)', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series. Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 314-346.

Ogren, W.L. (1984) Photorespiration: pathways, regulation modification. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 35, 415-442.

Chapter 12

Bidwell, R.G.S. (1983) 'Carbon nutrition of plants: photosynthesis and respiration', in Plant Physiology: A Treatise (F.C. Steward, ed.), Vol. VII. Energy and Carbon Metabolism (F.C. Steward and R.G.S. Bidwell, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 287-458.

Gardestrom, P. and Edwards, G.E. (1985) 'Leaf mitochondria (C3 + C4 +CAM)', in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 314-346.

Osmond, G.B. and Holtum, J.A.M. (1981) 'Crassulacean acid metabolism,' in The Biochemistry of Plants: A Comprehensive Treatise (P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn, eds), Vol. 8, Photosynthesis, (M.D. Hatch and N.K. Boardman, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 283-329.

Ting, l.P. (1985) Crassulacean acid metabolism. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 36, 595-622.

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Chapter l3

Heber, U. (1974) Metabolite exchange between chloroplasts and cytoplasm. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 25, 393-421.

Heber, U. and Heldt, H.W. (1981) The chloroplast envelope: Structure, function and role in leaf metabolism. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 32, 139-168.

Preiss, J., Robinson, N., Spilatro, S. and McNamara, K. (1985) 'Starch synthesis and its regulation,' in Regulation of Carbon Partitioning in Photosynthetic Tissue (R.L. Heath and J. Preiss, eds.), Proc. Eighth Ann. Symp. Pl. Physiol., University of Riverside. Amer. Soc. Plant Physiol., Waverly Press, Maryland.

Stitt, M. ( 1985) 'Fine control of sucrose synthesis by fructose 2; 6-bisphosphate', in Regulation of Carbon Partitioning in Photosynthetic Tissue (R.L. Heath and J. Preiss, eds.), Proc. Eighth Ann. Symp. Pl. Physiol., University of Riverside. Amer. Soc. Plant Physiol., Waverly Press, Maryland.

Stitt, M. and Steup, M. (1985) (Starch and sucrose degradation,' in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 347-390.

Chapter 14

Beevers, H. (1961) Respiratory Metabolism in Plants. Harpers, New York. ap Rees, T. (1985) 'The organization of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate

pathway in plants,' in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 391-417.

Black, C.C., Carnal, N.W. and Paz, N. (1985) Roles of pyrophosphate and fructose 2;6-bisphosphate in regulating plant sugar metabolism,' in Regulation of Carbon Partitioning in Photosynthetic Tissue (R.L. Heath and J. Preiss, eds.) Proc. Eighth Ann. Symp. Pl. Physiol., University of Riverside. Amer. Soc. Pl. Physiol., Waverly Press, Maryland.

Dennis, D.T., Hekman, W.E., Thomson, A., Ireland, R.J., Botha, F.C. and Kruger, N.J. (1985) 'Compartmentation of Glycolytic Enzymes in Plants,' in Regulation of Carbon Partitioning in Photosynthetic Tissue (R.L. Heath and J. Preiss, eds.) Proc. Eighth Ann. Symp. Pl. Physiol., University of Riverside. Amer. Soc. Plant Physiol., Waverly Press, Maryland.

Dennis, D.T. and Miernyk, J.A. (1982) 'Compartmentation ofNonphotosynthetic Carbohy­drate Metabolism', Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol. 33, 27-50.

Kirk, J.T.O. and Tilney-Bassett, R.A.E. (1978) in The Plastids. Their Chemistry, Structure, Growth and Inheritance, revised 2nd edition, Elsevier/North-Holland, New York, 219-241.

Preiss, J., Robinson, N., Spilatro, S. and McNamara, K. (1985) 'Starch synthesis and its regulation,' in Regulation of Carbon Partitioning in Photosynthetic Tissue (R.L. Heath and J. Preiss, eds.), Proc. Eighth Ann. Symp. Pl. Physiol., University of Riverside. Amer. Soc. Plant Physiol., Waverly Press, Maryland.

Stitt, M. (1985) 'Fine control of sucrose synthesis by fructose 2;6-bisphosphate,' in Regulation of Carbon Partitioning in Photosynthetic Tissue (R.L. Heath and J. Preiss, eds.) Proc. Eighth Ann. Symp. Pl. Physiol., University of Riverside. Amer. Soc. Plant Physiol., Waverly Press, Maryland.

Stitt, M. and Steup, M. (1985) 'Starch and sucrose degradation,' in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, Vol. 18, Higher Plant Cell Respiration (R. Douce and D.A. Day, eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 347-390.

Index

acetaldehyde 76, 78-9 acetic acid 79, 88 acetyl coenzyme A 77-82, 87, 93, 97

source of in plastids 87 acetyl CoA carboxylase 88, 91 acetyl CoA synthase 88 acetyl transacylase 90 acyl CoA oxidase 95 acyl CoA synthase 94- 5 acid anhydride bond 5, 7 aconitase 81- 2

glyoxysomal 95, 97 acyl carrier protein (ACP) 89-90 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) 6-7 adenosine monophosphate (AMP) 6-8 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 6- 8 (see

also ATPase, ATP synthase) synthesis of 19 synthesis in mitochondrion 40-2 synthesis in chloroplast 53-4

adenylates 8 ADP-glucose 65 ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 65,

123-4 aerobic glycolysis 72, 74, 76-7 alanine 75 alcohol dehydrogenase 76 aldolase 64, 69, 71, 73, 103, 104 alternative oxidase 35, 36, 84 01 -amylase 61, 63 {3 -amylase 61 amyloplast 56, 60, 122 amylopectin 60 amylose 60-2 amytal 36 anaerobic glycolysis 75 antimycin A 36, 44 Arabidopsis lll aromatic amino acids 129-31 arum lily 35 aspartate 86 ATPase 22, 53 ATP synthase 22, 24, 26, 39-42, 53 azide 36

141

biosynthetic pathways 5 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 21, 73, 102 bundle sheath cells 114

c4 plants 114-19 CAM plants 120-1 carbon monoxide 36 catalase 95 cell wall biosynthesis 66 CF0 53 CF1 53 chemiosmotic coupling theory

22-6 Chlamydomonas 51 chlorophyll 46 chlorophyll a 44, 46, 49 chlorophyll-binding proteins 46 chromoplast 56 citrate 74, 78, 80-2, 84-5, 97 citrate synthase 74, 80, 81

glyoxysomal 95, 97 citrate lyase 81 crassulacean acid metabolism 120-1 compartmentation 126-31 complexes of mitochondrion 29

complex I 31 complex II 31 complex III 32 complex IV 32

conformational theory of ATP synthesis 41-2

condensing enzyme 90-2 coupled reactions 4-6, 8 coupling sites 28 cyanide-insensitive pathway 35 cyclic electron transport 46, 52 cytochrome 16, 37 cytochrome a 16, 32, 36 cytochrome b 16, 32, 36, 38 cytochrome b6 44, 50, 52 cytochrome c 16, 30, 32 cytochrome c1 32 cytochrome f 44, 50, 51 cytochrome oxidase 32

142

DBMIB 44 DCCD 53 DCMU 44,48 debranching enzyme 61-2 dehydratase 90 D-enzyme 62 dicarboxylate transporter 84- 5 dihydrilipoamide dehydrogenase 78- 9 dihydrolipoic acid 79 dihydroxyacetone phosphate 67, 69, 71,

103-4, 122-4 dinitrophenol 42 disulfiram 37

electrical potential difference 24, 28 electrochemical gradient 22 electrons 10 electron affinity 10 electron carrier 12

membrane-associated 15 electron spin resonance (ESR) 15-16 electron transport chains 15, 19, 22-3

mitochondrial ·27-40, 83 in chloroplast 50-2

energy transduction 19-25 in chloroplast 43- 54

energy charge 7- 8 enolase 73 enoyl CoA hydratase 94 enoyl ACP reductase 90-1 entropy 1-2, 8 enthalpy 2 equilibrium constant 3 equilibrium position 1-5 erythrose 4-phosphate 71-2, 104 esters 5, 7 ethanol 75-6

F0 40 F1 40 fatty acid synthetase complex 89-92 fatty acids

degradation of 92-6 desaturation of 92 synthesis of 87- 92

ferredoxin 44, 49, 52-3, 106, 109 flavin 17 flavin mononucleotide (FMN) 17, 37 flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 17,

31, 78 flavoproteins 17, 31, 36 fluorescence 48, ~0 free energy change 2-3 free energy of hydrolysis 7

INDEX

free water 4 fructose 57, 63 fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 64, 68, 94,

98, 103-4, 124-5 activation by thioredoxin 106 inhibition by fructose

2,6-bisphosphate 124-5 fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 66-9, 98,

103-5, 124 fructose 2,6-bisphosphate 68-9, 124-5

synthesis of 124 fructose 6-phosphate 64, 66-9, 71-2,

103-4 fructose 6-phosphate

2-phosphotransferase 124 fumarase 81, 83

glyoxysomal 95 fumarate 31, 81

glucose 2-3, 7, 57, 63 glucose !-phosphate 57, 60-l, 65 glucose 6-phosphate 2-4, 6-7, 57, 64,

69-70 glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase 70 gluconeogenesis 57, 95, 97, 121 glutamate 86, 109, 112 '· glutamate synthetase 112-13 glutamine 109 glutamine synthase 112 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 66, 69,

71-3, 102-5, 129 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

dehydrogenase 72 reaction mechanism of 20-l NADP-specific 102 activation by thioredoxin 106

glycerate 109-10 glycerate kinase 110 glycerol 93 glycerol kinase 93 glycine 86, 108 -10, 112 glycine decarboxylase 110-12 glycolate 108-9, 114 glycolate oxidase 108, 111 glycolate pathway 108 -12 glycolytic pathway 55, 57, 66-77

ATP-generating reactions of 72 glycosidase 61 glycosidic bond 60-1 glyoxylate 97, 108-9, 112 glyoxylate cycle 95, 96-8 glyoxysome 93, 96-7

enzymes of 94 shuttle system for NADH 97

grana 45

haem 16 hexokinase 63 hexoses 63 hexose phosphate pool 57-9, 60-1,

64, 124-5, 129-30 hexose phosphate 57, 64 hexose phosphate isomerase 57 high-energy bond 7 high-energy compound 7 high-energy intermediates 21, 22, 24 high potential iron proteins (HiPIP)

16 hydride ion 9, 12-13 hydrogen atoms 9 hydrogen electrode 10-11 hydrogen peroxide 111 hydroxamic acids 37 hydroxypyruvate 109-10 hydroxypyruvate reductase 110 hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 95

inhibitors, of electron transport 36 invertase 57, 63 iron-sulphur centres 15-16, 31-2,

35-8, 52, 81 A and B 44,49

isocitrate 81-2, 97 isocitrate dehydrogenase 80-2 isocitrate lyase 97

Jagendorf jump 26

a -ketoacyl reductase 90-1 a-ketoglutarate 80-2, 84-6, 109-10 a -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

complex 80-2 ketone bodies 93 Kranz anatomy 114-15

lactate 76 lactate dehydrogenase 76 leucoplast 56, 122 light effect mediator system 106 light-harvesting complexes 45 limit dextran 61 lipase 93 lipoic acid 78-9

malate 74-5, 77, 80-1, 83-6, 109, 115-16, 121

malate dehydrogenase 74-5, 80, 81, 83, 115

INDEX

glyoxysomal 95, 97 NADP-specific in chloroplast 118

malate synthase 97 malic enzyme

NAD-specific 74, 77, 83, 85 NADP-specific 115, 118, 121

malonyl CoA 87-8 malonyl CoA synthase 88 malonyl transacylase 90 maltose 61 maltotriose 61 manganese 47 metabolic pathway 2 mitochondrial metabolite transport

84-5

143

mixed acid anhydride 5, 20-1 mobile electron carrier 12, 17-18, 30

NADH dehydrogenase 31 external 33, 35-6 alternative internal 34

nucleic acids 129 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

(NAD) 12-13 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

phosphate (NADP) 12-13 non-cyclic electron transport 46, 50-1

oleic acid 92 oligomycin 41 oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein

(OSCP) 40-2 oxaloacetate 31, 75, 78, 80-1, 84-6,

97-8, 109, 115-16, 121 oxidant 9 B-oxidation of fatty acids 94 oxidation of water 47-8, 52 oxidation-reduction reactions 9-12, 19 oxidative phosphorylation 37- 40 oxidizing agent 10 oxygen 32, 47 B-oxyacyl-CoA thiolase 95

P700 44, 46, 49-50 P680 44, 46-8 pentose phosphate pathway 57, 66-72,

129-31 oxidative reactions in 69, 129 reductive 103-6, 110-11, 116, 123 reversible reactions in 71

pentoses, formation of 69 peroxidase 94 peroxisome 94, 108, 111-13 pheophytin 44, 47- 8

144 INDEX

phosphate 2, 3, 5, 6 phosphate translocator 122-5 phosphate potential 7 phosphoenolpyruvate 67-8, 73, 75, 98,

116-17, 121, 129 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

74-5, 83, 95, 115, 118, 121 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 97 phosphofructokinase 98, 103

ATP-dependent 66-8, 71, 129-30 pyrophosphate-dependent 67-9,

129-30 phosphoglucomutase 57 phosphogluconate 70 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 70 phosphogluconolactone 70 2-phosphoglycerate 73 )-phosphoglycerate 20-1, 65, 73,

100-1, 104, 108-11, 115, 122-4 reduction of 102

phosphoglycerate kinase 20-1, 72-3, 102

phosphoglyceromutase 73 phosphoglycolate 100, 108-9, lll

phosphatase 108 phosphoric acid 5 phosphorylase 61-2, 65, 121 phosphoryl donor 6-7 photophosphorylation 50-4, 117, 123 photorespiration 107-13, 129

avoidance of 114-19 function of 110-11 nitrogen metabolism in 112-13

photosystems 43-4 photosystem I 44-6, 49-50, 52, 118 photosystem II 44-6, 47-9, 52

piericidin 35-6 plastid 56, 81, 126 plastocyanin 44, 49-50, 51 plastoquinone 17, 44, 48, 50-2 polyphenols 129 polysaccharides 65 porphyrin 16, 47 potential difference 11, 24 primary reactions 45 proplastid 56, 126 proteolipid 40, 53 proton gradient 22- 6, 41, 46, 48,

52-3 proton transport 24-5, 27, 31

in mitochondrion 37- 40, 42 proton pumps 29, 39 protonmotive potential 24 protonmotive Q cycle 38-9, 52

proticity 24 pyrophosphate 5-7, 65, 68, 116-17 pyrophosphatase 117 pyruvate 73-8, 82-5, 115-17, 121 pyruvate decarboxylase 76-7 pyruvate dehydrogenase 78-9 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 79, 117 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 79 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 74,

77-9 in plastid 88

pyruvate kinase 74-5, 83 pyruvate phosphate dikinase 116-17,

121 pyruvate transport 77

quantum 43 quantum efficiency 118

reaction centres 45-6 redox ballast 28-9 redox loops 37-9 redox potential 10-11 redox pair 10-12 reducing agents 9-10 reductant 9 reductive pentose phosphate pathway

103-6 resonance 7 ribose 5-phosphate 71-2, 104-5 ribose 5-phosphate isomerase 71,

104-5 ribulose 5-phosphate 69-72, 103-5 ribulose 5-phosphate kinase 104-5

activation by thioredoxin 106 ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase 71,

104-5 ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate 100-1,

104-5, 108, lll, 122 regeneration of, in photosynthesis

103-6 ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/

oxygenase 99-101, 104 activation of 101 in photorespiration 107-8 in c4 plants 114-15, 118

ricinoleic acid 92 Rieske centre 32 rotenone 36

sedoheptulose ?-phosphate 71, 104-5 sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate 104 sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase 104-5

activation by thioredoxin 106

semiquinone 17 serine 86, 109-10, 112 serine hydroxymethyl transferase

110 shikimate pathway 72 skunk cabbage 35 solvent capacity 3-4 standard electrode 10 standard free energy change 2, 5 standard redox potential 11-12 starch 57

degradation of 60-63 synthesis of 65-6, 122-4

starch synthase 65 stearic acid 92 stromal thylakoids 45 substrate-level phosphorylation 20-1,

72-5, 82 succinate 31, 81, 83-5, 97 succinate dehydrogenase 81, 83

glyoxysomal 95 succinyl CoA 81-2, 86 succinyl CoA synthetase 81-2, 86 succulents 120 sucrose 57, 123

degradation of 59-60 synthesis of 64-5, 97, 118,

124-5 sucrose synthase 59, 63-4, 124 sucrose phosphate synthase 64, 118

INDEX

sucrose phosphate phosphatase 64 symport 85

tetrahydrofolate 109-10 thiamine pyrophosphate 78

145

thioester bond 20-1, 77-8, 82, 89-90 thioredoxin 53, 102-3, 105-6, 115 thylakoids 43 transacetylase 78-9 transaldolase 71 transaminase 95 transketolase 71, 104-5 triacylglycerol 93 tricarboxylic acid cycle 31, 80-6, 97 triose phosphate 66, 102 triose phosphate isomerase 69, 71, 73,

103

ubiquinone 17, 30-2, 35-8 UDP-glucose 59, 64, 128 uncoupling agents 25, 41

vectorial transport 22, 37

water-splitting complex 47, 52

xerophytes 120-1 xylulose 5-phosphate 71, 104-5

Z scheme 43-4