BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

Matter within ecosystems is

recycled. decomposersbacteria and fungi

soilminerals and humus

producersgreen algae

water and salts

consumersanimals

decay

dieeaten

die

All Cycles Are Related

Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur,

Phosphorusin Plants and Organisms

N2

Fossil Fuel Combustion

H2O

CO2

SO2, NO2

Phyto- plankton

Zoo- plankton

Ocean Sediments

Nutrient Recycling

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

Nitrates, Sulfates,

Phosphates

Phosphate

Nitrite, Dead Organic Mattrer &

Decomposers

H2O

Urea Runoff

Respiration Decomposition

Transpiration

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESWater, carbon, oxygen, and

nitrogen are some of the elements that cycle between the abiotic (nonliving) and biotic (living) parts of the environment.

bioticabiotic

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESWater, carbon, oxygen, and

nitrogen move through a regularly repeated sequence of events.

Define a cycle. H2O C

N O


Most element cycles have an atmospheric “bank” where the element is found in large amounts.

atmosphere“bank”


Elements move from the “bank” into organisms.


BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESOrganisms release

elements in daily activities or after death.

Give an example of an activity that releases elements.

RIP


BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESThree example of cycles:

– Water– Carbon (carbon-oxygen)– Nitrogen

H2O C

N O

WATER CYCLE Use the next diagram to help

you define the following:– evaporation– condensation– precipitation– transpiration– runoff– accumulation

Condendation(clouds form)

Condensation

Transpiration

Precipitation

Evaporation

Accumulation

Run-off

water cycle diagram

EVAPORATION - water changing from a liquid into a gas (water vapor)

CONDENSATION - water vapor (gas) changing to a tiny drops of water (liquid) that form clouds or rain

PRECIPITATION - water vapor (gas) changing into a liquid or solid such as rain, hail, sleet or snow

TRANSPIRATION - water loss from plants when water vapor goes out through stomates (little openings) in leaves

RUN-OFF - water moving across the Earth’s surface (stream, river, gully)ACCUMULATION - water

gathering into an area (pond, lake, stream or ocean)

WATER CYCLE Label your diagram of the water cycle.

WATER CYCLE

Abiotic parts of the water cycle include condensation, evaporation & precipitation.

bioticabiotic

WATER CYCLELiving portions of

the water cycle include plants performing transpiration and water intake by all organisms.

bioticabiotic

WATER CYCLEWater vapor

exits plant leaves during transpiration through tiny openings called stomata.

water cycle diagram animated

CARBON CYCLEWhy is the Carbon Cycle often

called the Carbon-Oxygen Cycle?

respirationphotosynthesis

O2

CO2

CARBON CYCLELike other element

cycles, the carbon cycle links abiotic & biotic parts of the environment.

bioticabiotic

CARBON CYCLEThe exchange of gases during

photosynthesis and respiration is a major example of the biotic (organisms) and abiotic (atmosphere) cycle of carbon-oxygen.

respirationphotosynthesis

O2

CO2

CARBON CYCLE How does carbon enter the living

part of the cycle?

6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2CO2

CO2CO2

Using the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS, plants use CO2 to make food

CARBON CYCLECarbon is returned to the atmosphere

1. cellular respiration2. erosion3. combustion4. decomposition

CARBON CYCLE Use the next diagram to help you

define the relationship of the following terms to the carbon cycle.– respiration– photosynthesis– decomposition– combustion– erosion

CARBON CYCLE

limestone

combustion

soil erosion

animal respiration

plant respiration

assimilationby plants

photosynthesisby algae

respirationby algae

and aquaticanimals

litter

fossil fuelscoal, gas, petroleum

CO2 in Atmosphere

decomposition oceans, lakes

RESPIRATION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when food (glucose) is broken down during respiration

PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Plants use carbon dioxide to make food

DECOMPOSITION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere as organic matter is broken down

COMBUSTION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when organic material is burned

EROSION - CO2 is released back into the atmosphere when erosion breaks down certain rock

decomposition“BANKS” – CO2 in atmosphere and trapped underground in fossil fuels

NITROGEN CYCLE79% of the atmosphere is

nitrogen gas but it is in a form most living things cannot use.

N2free

nitrogen

NITROGEN CYCLE If we can’t take in free nitrogen,

how do organisms acquire it so it can be used?

Why do living things need nitrogen?

NITROGEN CYCLE How does Nitrogen move from the abiotic

part (atmosphere) into the biotic part (organisms) of the environment?

Step #1-Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen into nitrates.

Step #2-Plants absorb nitrates.Step #3-Animals eat plants.

N2

in air nitrogen-fixingbacteria

NITRATES

Step #1 Step # 2 Step #3

NITROGEN CYCLE How does the nitrogen return to the abiotic

(atmosphere) part of the environment?

Step #4-Denitrifying bacteria convert the nitrates back into nitrogen.

N2

in air nitrogen-fixingbacteria

NITRATES

denitrifyingbacteria

Step #4

NITROGEN CYCLEWhy do we need nitrogen?

Nitrogen

protein

?DNA

NITROGEN CYCLE Can plants & animals

use free nitrogen (N2)?

In what form must N2 be to be used by plants?

What organisms can turn the N2 into a usable form?

N2free

nitrogen

nitrates

nitrogen-fixingbacteria

NITROGEN CYCLESimplified

Use the next diagram to help you define the relationship of the following terms to the nitrogen cycle.– free N2 bank– nitrogen fixation– nitrates– organisms– organic material– denitrification

orga

nism

s

NITROGEN CYCLESimplified

Free N2 in Atmosphere


NITRATES


RIP

Organicmaterial

FREE N2 “BANK” - Pure nitrogen “banked” in the atmosphere which is made up of 79% nitrogen.

NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA - nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert free nitrogen into nitrate compoundsNITRATES - the form

of nitrogen that can be used by organisms

ORGANISMS - Plants take in nitrates and use them in their tissues; animals eat the plants and get the nitrates from plant tissues

ORGANIC MATERIAL - Dead organisms, animal waste and organic litter are decomposed by bacteria and other decomposers

DENITRIFICATION - Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates from decomposition back into free nitrogen.

NITROGEN CYCLE

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

nitratesorganicmatter


gaseous losses (N2, NOx) lightning

fixes N2 intonitrates

Reviewing the CyclesWATER CYCLE

– evaporation– condensation– precipitation– transpiration

Reviewing the CyclesCARBON CYCLE

– photosynthesis-respiration– combustion– erosion– decomposition

RIP


Reviewing the CyclesNITROGEN CYCLE

– nitrogen-fixing bacteria – nitrates– decomposition– denitrification

Free N2 in Atmosphere


NITRATES

RIPOrganicmaterial


Cycle Interrelationships

Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur,

Phosphorusin Plants and Organisms

N2

Fossil Fuel Combustion

H2O

CO2

SO2, NO2

Phyto- plankton

Zoo- plankton

Ocean Sediments

Nutrient Recycling

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

Nitrates, Sulfates,

Phosphates

Phosphate

Nitrite, Dead Organic Mattrer &

Decomposers

H2O

Urea Runoff

Respiration Decomposition

Transpiration

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BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES