Matter & Biogeochemical CyclesName: _________________________________Date: ______________________Pd: __________

All material in the universe that has mass and occupies space is called ___________________.

Atoms- smallest unit of __________________ Example: _________________

Molecules- a cluster of atoms with ____________ characteristics. Organic compounds have ___________. Inorganic compounds do not have __________________. __________________ are organic compounds containing ONLY hydrogen and carbon.

Macromolecules are the building blocks of ________________.1)Proteins:

2)Carbohydrates:

3) Lipids:

4) Nucleic Acids:

Acids, Bases & pHpH: how basic or acidic a _______________________ is

pH Scale:

Biosphere: all the planet’s living, once living and _______________________ parts of the environment and how they interact.

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1) Geosphere – made of all the _____________________ at and below Earth’s surface 2) Lithosphere – hard ___________________ just on or below the Earth’s surface3) Atmosphere – gaseous envelope around the __________________________4) Hydrosphere – Earth’s supply of _____________________

Biogeochemical Cycles BIO – refer to the ______________ organisms GEO – refers to the Earth, rock and _____________. CHEMICAL – molecules, ________________ and atoms.

Matter ______________ through the environment. ___________________ are matter that organisms require for life process, circulate throughout the _____________________ in biogeochemical cycles.

Law of Conservation of Matter: Matter can be transformed, but cannot be ____________________________ or destroyed.

WATER CYCLEThe water cycle summarizes how ________________ plays a role in our environment.

Unique properties of water:

1)

2)

3)

Label the water cycle diagram below:

AquifersCondensationEvaporationPrecipitationSurface runoffGroundwaterTranspiration

CARBON CYCLECarbon is a ______________ ___________ of life. All _____________ compounds have __________. Carbon is essential for __________, fats, proteins, _______________ & other substances. Carbon is gas form is ______________ ______________ & it’s a _______________

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gas that helps to maintain earth’s temperature. Carbon is stored in the ocean, atmosphere & ___________. A place where a lot of carbon is stored are called ___________ ______________.

Pathway 11. Carbon moves between the atmosphere, oceans & living things.2. Through photosynthesis, plants use CO2 from the air & ocean to make _____________ (organic compound….C6H12O6)

3. A _________________ eats plants & animals that eat plants & the carbon moves through the food webs.4. Respiration is one way ________________ is released directly into the air.

Example: exhaling of animals5. ______________________ of living things also returns __________ to the soil, _______& air in the form of carbon dioxide.Pathway 21. Carbon travels from ______________ things to ___________ & back to air or water where living things will use it again.

Example: Shells of marine animals contain ______________. These shells fall to bottom of __________ when they _______& pile up. They are covered with sediment & compacted to form ______________ (limestone). Erosion on

land eventually dissolve the carbon containing minerals to air & water.

2. This process takes millions of years.Pathway 31. This pathway involves the _______________ & ______________ of fossil fuels.2. Oil & natural gas form from the remains of ________________ organisms.3. After buried for a long time, a ______________change takes place & it turns them into ____________________.4. This process takes ______________ of years.5. When the ___________ is _______________ & we burn it. The combustion releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Then it’s available plants to use for photosynthesis.

WAYS HUMANS ALTER THE CARBON CYCLE Deforestation: removing trees that ____________ carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere. Fewer trees mean less carbon dioxide is being absorbed.

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Burning of fossil fuels in industry & vehicles: Carbon is a by-product of combustion. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been rising. Some say it is contributing to ______________ _______________.

NITROGEN CYCLENitrogen is an important element in ____________ compound such as __________, DNA, ______________________ & chlorophyll. Nitrogen is the most _________________ gas in the atmosphere. It cycles from the _________________ to ______________ ____________ & back to __________________. But living things cannot use it in its gas form, therefore living things get ________________ from the __________.1. Living organisms cannot use simple nitrogen molecules (NH2).2. Living things take it in as a nitrate (NO3-). 3. Nitrate is formed when nitrogen is combined with oxygen. This process is called nitrogen ____________________.4. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live on root nodules of _________________ & convert the gaseous ________________ to ammonia (NH4) then to _______________(NO2 or NO3).5. Examples of legumes: clover, peas, soybeans & alfalfa.6. Plants use ______________ to make proteins. Animals only take in nitrogen by eating _____________________.7. Nitrogen flows through the __________ __________ as animals eat plants & animals eat other animals.8. During _____________________, nitrogen compound are released. Bacteria will break down ammonia to nitrogen & oxygen & release ________________ back to soil and atmosphere.9. Some aquatic bacteria and __________________ can also change nitrogen to nitrates.

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WAYS HUMANS ALTER THE NITROGEN CYCLEThe rate of nitrogen fixation has _______________ since the 1950s.

Fertilizers : contain nitrogen…place on ________________ & farmlands Burning of fossil fuels : releases nitrogen during _________________________ Destruction of forests & wetlands : release nitrogen thru

_______________________

CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN-CAUSED NITROGEN DEPOSITIONEcosystems: Nitrogen additions to the __________can lead to changes that favor weeds over native plants, which in turn reduce species _______________ and changes ecosystems. Research shows that nitrogen levels are linked with changes in grassland species, from mosses and lichens to grasses and ____________________.

Precipitation: Nitrogen oxides react with water to form nitric acid, which along with sulfur dioxide is a major component of acid rain. Acid rain can damage and kill aquatic life and ______________, as well as corrode __________________, bridges, and other structures.

Air quality: High concentrations of _______________ in the lower atmosphere are a precursor to tropospheric ozone, which is known to damage living tissues, including human lungs, and decrease ________________ production.

Water quality: Adding large amounts of nitrogen to rivers, lakes, and coastal systems results in ___________________ , a condition that occurs in aquatic ecosystems when _____________ nutrient concentrations stimulate blooms of __________that deplete _________, killing fish and other organisms and ruining water quality.

PHOSPHORUS CYCLEPhosphorus is not a ________________ and does not enter the atmosphere. Phosphorus cycles from _______________ to ocean and then back to land. Water runs over ________ that contain phosphorus and places it in the water and soil. Plant roots absorb ______________. Phosphate makes up __________. Animals get phosphates thru _______. Phosphorus is release by ____________________.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Loss of _________________ because of clear cutting and _____________ of farmland. When we use _____________ and detergents with phosphorus it integrates into our

groundwater. Fertilizers

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OXYGEN CYCLEThis cycle only consists of ___________________ & respiration. Photosynthesis & respiration are ____________ reactions & they rely on each other. Plants produce ___________ through the process of photosynthesis. Animals take in the oxygen from the _____________________ & change it into energy & release __________________ through the process of respiration.

Photosynthesis equation:

Respiration equation

Look @ the following cycle diagrams & label which cycle it is: Carbon cycle, water cycle, phosphorus cycle , nitrogen cycle & oxygen cycle.

_______________________________________ Cycle

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Precipitation

Runoff water

Water vaporReleased by plants(transpiration)

Ground water

Water absorbed by roots

Lake

Evaporation

Carbon Dioxide

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Oxygen

_____________________________ Cycle

_____________________________ Cycle

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Atmospheric free nitrogen

Decay bacteria

Nitrates

Nitrate fixing bacteria in soil

Dead plants

Animal Waste

Nitrification

Denitrification

_____________________________ Cycle

_____________________________ Cycle

Carbon cycle

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Carbon is an extremely common element on earth and can be found in all four major spheres of the planet: biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Carbon is part of both the living and non-living parts of the planet, as a component in organisms, atmospheric gases, water, and rocks. The carbon contained in any of the planet’s spheres does not remain there forever. Instead, it moves from one sphere to another in an ongoing process known as the carbon cycle.

The carbon cycle is extremely important on earth as it influences crucial life processes such as photosynthesis and respiration, contributes to fossil fuel formation, and impacts the earth’s climate.

Part 1: Go to the following website and read about the carbon cycle and answer the questions; http://www.windows.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/tour_def/ earth/Water/co2_cycle.html

1. Where is carbon found on the earth?

2. Carbon moves from....a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

3. Play the Carbon game. Click on the Game link at the top of the page. Scroll down and choose The Carbon Cycle game. Answer the following questions when you are in the particular areas: atmosphere, plants, surface ocean, deep ocean, marine life and soil.

a. Atmosphere What percentage of the atmosphere is made of carbon? ________% The more CO2 in the atmosphere makes our planet ________________.

b. Land Plants What is the process by which plants make the nutrition it needs?

____________ What is the method by which plants release carbon into atmosphere?

__________c. Soil

What is the name of the part of the soil that is made of decaying plants and animals? _______________________

What percentage of carbon is stored in the soil? ___________%

d. Surface Ocean True/False: The ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide than the land.

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e. Marine Life Phytoplankton absorbs the carbon in the ocean to make their nutrition

through the process of __________________________.

f. Deep Ocean List two ways the deep ocean gets carbon. _____________________________ and

___________________________________________________. How much carbon does the deep ocean contain? _________%

g. How many stops can you make on your trip? _______________________________

h. Will your journey ever end? ___________________________________i. Was everyone’s journey the same? Why not?

j. What would happen to the Carbon Cycle if we increase our burning of fossil fuels?

Part 2: Go to the following website: wwwneok12.com/Carbon-Cycle.htma. Watch any two videos and record the titles.

1)2)

b. Click on “Label the Diagram of the Carbon Cycle.” Complete the diagram online.c. If you have extra time, you can click on the jigsaw puzzle or the slide puzzle.d. Return the laptop when finished.

Matter & Biogeochemical Cycles Review Worksheet

Matching: Choose the best word to match the definitions and place the letter on the line provided.

_____1. Smallest part of an element A. matter

_____2. Molecule only made of hydrogen and carbon B. hydrocarbons

_____3. Solution’s acidity or basicity C. RNA and DNA

_____4. Fats & oils D. pH

_____5. Molecules that store genetic information E. atom10

_____6. Anything that takes up space and has mass F. lipids

_____7. Made of amino acids G. biosphere

_____8. Sugars & starches H. hydrosphere

_____9. All of the Earth’s water I. carbohydrates

_____10. The Earth and all of its organisms and environments J. proteins

Part 2: Please label the water cycle diagram using the following vocabulary: runoff, evaporation, precipitation, condensation, groundwater

2. List three unique properties of water.Part 3: Cycles Matching: Below are some descriptive statements. Read the statements carefully and then choose which cycle is and place the letter on the line provided. Letters may be used more than once.

A. Water cycle B. Oxygen cycleC. Nitrogen cycle D. Phosphorus cycleE. Carbon cycle

________1. Only cycle that does not include the atmosphere________2. Can alter the pH of the soil________3. Transpiration and evaporation are a part of the cycle________4. Formation of fossil fuels________5. Bacteria that lives on the roots of legumes

Part 4: Short Answer

1. Explain the Law of the Conservation of Matter.

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2. What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?

3. What is the role of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in your body?

4. What are the two processes that are a part of the Oxygen cycle? Why is the cycle important to us?

5. List three ways that human behavior can impact the biogeochemical cycles.

6. What is eutrophication?

7. What is the connection between legumes and the nitrogen fixing bacteria in the phosphorus cycles?

SLM Matter & Biogeochemical Cycles Learning Map (7 days)Ecology – Mrs. Sim

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Unit Essential Question(s):

OptionalInstructional Tools:

Cycle diagramsCarbon Cycle PosterTraveling Nitrogen Passport

How do the nonliving parts of the Earth’s systems provide the basic materials to support life?

Concept Concept

PA Standards4.1.10.B – Explain the consequences of interrupting natural cycles.4.1.12.B – Research solutions to problem caused by interrupting natural cycles.4.1.10.E – Analyze how humans influence the pattern of natural changes

Matter & Biogeochemical Vocabulary:

1) Matter = any material that has mass and occupies space.

2) Atoms = the basic unit of matter, the smallest unit that maintains the properties of an element

3) Proteins = an organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

4) Carbohydrates = an organic compound that consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

5) Lipids = an organic compound that is chemically diverse and does not dissolve in water

6) Nucleic acids = the macromolecule that contains genetic information

7) pH = a measure of the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a solution

8) Geosphere = all the rock at and below Earth surface

9) Lithosphere = sphere of Earth made up of the hard rock on and just below Earth surface; the outermost

layer of both Earth and its geosphere

10) Biosphere = the Earth and all of its organisms and environments

11) Atmosphere = the thin layer of gases that surrounds Earth13

Matter Biogeochemical Cycles

4.1.10.B & 4.1.12B

How do nutrients cycle through the environment?

MatterAtomsProteinsCarbohydratesLipidsNucleic acidsAcidsBasespHGeosphereLithosphereBiosphereAtmosphereHydrosphere

Water cyclePhosphorus cycleNitrogen cycleCarbon cycleSulfur cycleOxygen cycleNitrogen fixing BacteriaLegumesEutrophicationAlgal Bloom

Vocabulary: Vocabular

y:

Lesson Essential Questions:What properties

of matter are most important to environmental systems?

12) Hydrosphere = all of the water above and below Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere

13) Water cycle = series of steps of how the water cycles in the environment.

14) Phosphorus cycle = series of steps of how phosphorus cycles in the environment.

15) Nitrogen cycle = series of steps of how nitrogen cycles in the environment.

16) Carbon cycle = series of steps of how carbon cycles in the environment.

17) Sulfur cycle = series of steps of how sulfur cycles in the environment.

18) Oxygen cycle = series of steps where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide & vice versa.

19) Nitrogen fixing bacteria = bacteria that lives on the roots of legumes to help transform nitrogen

20) Eutrophication = when large amounts of nitrogen exists in water causing the water to have too many

nutrients

21) Algal Bloom = overgrowth of algae due to eutrophication ( too many nutrients/nitrogen in the water)

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