Biogas to Energy –Elements of Project DevelopmentElements of Project Development

5th Annual Renewable Energy & Advanced gyBiofuels Summit April 25, 2012

Steve Sletten, PG, CPGVamsi Seeta, PE, BCEE, LEED APAtkins Water Infrastructure

Presentation Outline● Introduction to Atkins●Status of Anaerobic Digestiong●Elements of Biogas Project Development

» Anaerobic DigestionBi O ti i ti & E h t» Biogas Optimization & Enhancement

» Biogas Conditioning» Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System» Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System● Power Generation● Heat RecoveryBi d t Bi th (Bi d t» Biogas upgrade to Biomethane (Biogas upgrade to pipeline NG) and Bio CNG (Vehicle fuel)

Introduction to AtkinsIntroduction to Atkins

Local to national:Atki N th A i t lAtkins North America at a glance

F l PBS&J●Formerly PBS&J» Established 1960 in FL» Planning engineering design architectural and» Planning, engineering, design, architectural, and

construction management firm» Privately held

●October 2010 – PBS&J was acquired by Atkins●April 1, 2011 - name changed to Atkins North

A i IAmerica, Inc.●2,800 employees and approximately 70 offices

nationwidenationwide

Local to national to international:Atki Gl b l t lAtkins Global at a glance

E bli h d i 1938●Established in 1938●Plans, designs, and enables the delivery of

infrastructure projectsinfrastructure projects●11th largest global design firm●Second largest global architectural firm●Second largest global architectural firm ●UK’s largest engineering

consultancyy●$2.2 billion annual revenues

True local presence

A ki d d h i l i f b i●Atkins understands the vital importance of being “local”» Office in Madison WI» Office in Madison, WI» 10 East Doty Street, Suite 800

Madison, WI 53703

Atkins support

A ki ’ i i h US●Atkins’ core services in the US encompass» Engineering» Planning» Planning» Construction management» Program management» Environmental science» Geospatial technology» Architecture/landscape architecture» Architecture/landscape architecture» Emergency management» Asset management» Information technologies

Atkins at a glance

90% f b i f li●90% of business from repeat clients●Using Atkins continually for more

than 50 yearsthan 50 years

London 2012 GamesOl i P kOlympic Park

M l idi i li i i i f d iMultidisciplinary engineering infrastructure design, project and program management,

site clearance and remediation, environmental impact assessmentenvironmental impact assessment

9

Atkins Energy Engineering

F ili i●Facilities» Assesses, evaluates, plans, designs,

and monitors energy-efficiency facilities gy yand infrastructure

●Renewable EnergyGeothermal Electric Power Generation» Geothermal Electric Power Generation

» Biomass Power Generation» Solar Power Generation» Wind Farm Program Management

●Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plans» Helping lead the charge for a low carbon» Helping lead the charge for a low-carbon

economy

Atkins’ Madison, WI office –A bi Di ti fAnaerobic Digestion focus

A ki i WI h b i●Atkins in WI, has been an active participant in the development of Anaerobic Digestion systems at dairyAnaerobic Digestion systems at dairy farms.

●Extensive experience in all aspects of●Extensive experience in all aspects of biogas to energy project development

Status of Anaerobic Digestion (AD)Status of Anaerobic Digestion (AD)

Current Status of AD in the USA

A f M h 2012 186 AD S i i●As of March 2012 – 186 AD Systems in operation at livestock farms

Farm Type Number of Digester ProjectsDairy 153Swine 23Poultry 4Beef 2Beef 2

Mixed 4TOTAL 186TOTAL 186

Number of Operating Digesters

Potential for Project Development

168 G E l i l d/ h l●168 Generate Energy – electrical and/or thermal ●EPA projects 8,000 systems

T f 1 300 b 2020●Target of 1,300 systems by 2020●HUGE Market Potential

Elements of Biogas Project DevelopmentDevelopment

Elements of Biogas-to-Energy ProjectProject

A bi Di i P G i●Anaerobic Digestion» Optimization» Biogas Enhancement

●Power Generation» Lean-burn IC engines» Fuel cells» Biogas Enhancement

● Co-digestion with other substrates

Bi C diti i

» Fuel cells» Microturbines

●Heat Recovery●Biogas Conditioning

» Hydrogen sulfide» Siloxanes

y» Digester heating» Facility HVACBi th» Siloxanes ●Biomethane

●Bio CNG

Process Flow of Biogas-to-E P j tEnergy Project

Anaerobic Digestion

T f A bi Di i●Types of Anaerobic Digestion» Covered Lagoons» Complete Mix» Complete Mix» Plug Flow

Types of Anaerobic Digestion S tSystems

Anaerobic Digestion -O ti i tiOptimization

Di H i●Digester Heating» Heat Exchangers – Hot Water» Heating Elements» Heating Elements

●Digester Mixing» Pump Mixingp g» Gas Mixing» Direct Mechanical Mixing

Anaerobic Digestion -E h tEnhancement

C di i●Co-digestion» Fats, oils, and grease (FOG)» Food waste» Food waste» Other feed stocks

●Pilot testing is often required for special feed g q pstocks

Co-digestion - FOG Addition

FOG f ( )●FOG from restaurants (grease traps)●Controlled addition to digesters

S l f ll l f ili i ( WWTP )●Several full-scale facilities (at WWTPs)● Improved DG production at 7 – 10 cu.ft/gal

Ti i f t●Tipping fees may generate revenue ●Case study – City of Bakersfield WWTP#3

Bakersfield: FOG and SeptageF ilitFacility

Bakersfield: FOG and SeptageF ilitFacility

Bakersfield: FOG and SeptageF ilitFacility

Co-digestion - Food Waste AdditiAddition

F d f d i d i●Food waste from restaurants and industries●Popular waste mixtures

S l d d i h t t t l t f d» Salad dressing, cheese, tomato waste, lactose, food scraps, whey

●Feed preparation is key●Feed preparation is key●Controlled addition to digesters● Improved DG production by 15-25%● Improved DG production by 15 25% ●Pilot testing is recommended

» Optimal mix compositionp p» Feed rate

Biogas ConditioningBiogas Conditioning

Biogas Conditioning

M j i f i●Major contaminants of interest» Hydrogen sulfide» Siloxanes» Siloxanes» Moisture» Particulates» Halides

Fuel gas quality requirements vary based on●Fuel gas quality requirements vary based ontype of power generation equipment

Digester Gas Purification Methods

PhysicalPhysicalPh i l

CONDENSATION METHODSa. Demisterb. Cyclone separator

Moisture

PRINCIPLETECHNIQUECONTAMINANT

Physical

PhysicalPhysical

y pc. Moisture trap

DRYING METHODSa. Refrigeration dryer

BiologicalChemical

a. Air/Oxygen dosingb. FeCl3 dosing to digester feed

Hydrogen Sulfide

PhysicalPhysical/chemicalb. Adsorption dryer

c. Glycol dryer

Physicala. Coalescing filterParticulates &

Chemical Physical/chemicalPhysical/chemicalPhysical/chemical

b. FeCl3 dosing to digester feedc. Adsorption to Fe2O3 medium d. Activated carbon adsorptione. Liquid absorption

Sulfide

ChemicalPhysical/chemical

a. Liquid absorptionb. Solid phase adsorption Halides

ygParticulates & Oil Content

ChemicalPhysicalPhysical/chemical

a. Liquid absorptionb. Cyclic refrigeration/condensationc. Solid phase adsorption

Siloxanes

H2S Removal Methods

F i id i d●Ferric oxide impregnated » Two popular systems● Iron sponge● Iron sponge● Sulfa-Treat

●Activated carbon

Sulfa-Treat H2S Removal System t B k fi ld CAat Bakersfield, CA

Siloxane Removal Methods

C li f i i●Cyclic refrigeration» Two types of systems based on

Pressure Due PointPressure Due Point ● + 35 to 40 oF ● - 10 to 20 oF

●Solid phase adsorption » Two types of media for adsorption● Coconut shell based activated carbon● Coconut shell based activated carbon● Graphite based activated carbon

Typical Gas Refrigeration System S h tiSchematic

Heat OutH2S Removal

CC l i

e o a

R DG Compressor Refrigeration System

Coalescing Filter/

Separator

Coalescing

Raw DG

To Power Generation

Reheater

Coalescing Filter

Coalescing Filter/

To Power Generation

ReheaterSiloxane Removal

Heat In

Separator

Heat In

Siloxane Removal System at B k fi ld CABakersfield, CA

Biogas: Combined Heat and Power (CHP)Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

Biogas - Power Generation

M j P G i E i●Major Power Generating Equipment» Internal combustion (IC) engines» Microturbines» Microturbines» Fuel cells

Major IC Engine Manufacturers

JENBACHER WAUKESHA

CATERPILLARDEUTZ

Major Microturbine Manufacturers

Model CR 30 - 30 kWModel CR 65 65 kWModel CR 65 – 65 kWModel CR 200 – 200 kW

Model MT 250 – 250 kW

Major Fuel Cell Manufacturers

Model PureCell 400- 400 kWPhosphoric Acid typePhosphoric Acid typeNot available for DG applications yet

Model DFC 300 - 300 kWModel DFC 1500 – 1,400 kW,Model DFC 3000 – 2,800 kW

Molten Carbonate type

Comparison – Power Generation T h l iTechnologies

S t Electrical Thermal Capital Cost1 O&M Cost2

System Electrical Efficiency

Thermal Efficiency

Capital Cost($/kW)

O&M Cost(Cents/kWh)

IC Engines 32 – 37% 35 - 40% 2,000 – 2,500 1.5 – 2.0

Microturbines 30 – 32% 32 – 35% 3,500 – 4,000 2.0 – 2.5

Fuel Cells 45 – 47% 25 – 28% 6,000 – 6,500* 5.0 - 6.0

* For DFC 300 – 300 kW model only For DFC 300 300 kW model onlyNotes:1. Capital cost for equipment only (includes gas purification and heat recovery)2. O&M cost does not include gas purification system g p y

Biogas – Heat Recovery

● IC Engines» Engine Jacket Waterg» Engine Exhaust

●Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System

Simplified Renewable Energy S h tiSchematic

HEAT LOSSTHROUGHEXHAUST

EXHAUST

(OPTIONAL)ORC

DIGESTERSHEATING

OTHER FACILITY NEEDS

TOTALPOWEROUTPUT

POWER FOR DAIRY GEN IC ENGINE

HEATRECOVERY

SYSTEM TOTALRECOVERED

HEAT

NATURAL GASSUPPLEMENT

(25%-BTU CONTENT)OPTIONAL

PARASITIC LOADS GAS BLENDING

TANK / SURGETANK

FUEL GASPURIFICATIONSYSTEM

Biogas

FARM DIGESTERS

GAS COMPRESSORS

OTHER SUBSTRATE (FOOD WASTE, FOG ETC.)

ADDITION(20% VOLUME)

OPTIONAL

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)

●Evaporator + Turbine + Generator ●Completely closed loop Thermodynamic CycleCo p e e y c osed oop e ody a c Cyc e●Similar to Steam Rankine Cycle●Uses Organic Refrigerant instead of waterg g●High MW refrigerant

Biogas Upgrade to Biomethaneand Bio CNGand Bio-CNG

Biogas to Biomethane and CNG

W bbi●Water scrubbing●Amine gas scrubbing

S l l b i●Selexol absorption●Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA)

M b ti●Membrane separation

Summary

●Based on EPA statistics, huge market potential , g pexists

●New models for 100 – 200 head dairy farms●Flaring is not an option●EPA’s AgStar Program

Now is the time for your biogas to energy project – how can we help you?

Steve Sletten, PG, CPGAtkiAtkins10 East Doty Street, Suite 800Madison, WI 53703Madison, WI 53703608.204.5950steve.sletten@atkinsglobal.com

Vamsi Seeta, PE, BCEE, LEED APAtkinsAtkins625 The City Drive South, Suite 200Orange, CA 92868 714.591.2523vamsi.seeta@atkinsglobal.com

Questions?