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Biogas in Belgium, a SWOT analysis Bruno Mattheeuws. AGENDA. Federal state of Belgium Biogas-E vzw Biogas in Belgium Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Conclusions. AGENDA. Federal state of Belgium Biogas-E vzw Biogas in Belgium Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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AGENDA
• Federal state of Belgium
• Biogas-E vzw
• Biogas in Belgium
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats
• Conclusions
AGENDA
• Federal state of Belgium
• Biogas-E vzw
• Biogas in Belgium
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats
• Conclusions
Belgium
• Population: 10 396 421 (2003)
• Surface area: 30 528 km²
• Federal capital: Brussels
• Head of state: King Albert II
• Prime Minister: Guy Verhofstadt
• National day: 21st July
• National languages: Dutch, French, German
• Currency: Euro (€)
• National Product: € 283,7 Billion (2004)
• Annual growth rate: 2,7% (2004)
Belgium
• Energy & environment: regional matter
– different vision and policy
– different measures to stimulate renewable energy
• Nuclear power and excises: federal matter
AGENDA
• Federal state of Belgium
• Biogas-E vzw
• Biogas in Belgium
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats
• Conclusions
Biogas-E vzw
• 2000: co-operation between a company and Technical University Kortrijk
• 2000-2002: project ‘Platform for implementation of anaerobic digestion in Flanders’
• 2004-now: structural support from Flemish government Biogas-E vzw (non profit organisation)
Biogas-E vzw
• Specialized in all aspects of anaerobic digestion– Legal
– Technical
– Subsidiary issues
• Intermediary organisation between– Government, policy makers
– Industry, technology
– (future) owners and operators of an
anaerobic digestion unit
Biogas-E vzw
• Goals– Maximize the use of biogas potential present in Flanders
– Increase public awareness and counteract not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) syndrome
– Function as a neutral partner in projects concerning anaerobic digestion
– On demand low cost advice concerning input streams, scaling, legal aspects, subsidies, yield,…
Biogas-E vzw
• Tasks– Informing
– Sensibilizing
– Networking
– Policy support
– Advisory partner in projects
• Important– Neutral
– Independent
– Focus on agriculture
– Focus on energy crops, organic waste and manure
AGENDA
• Federal state of Belgium
• Biogas-E vzw
• Biogas in Belgium
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats
• Conclusions
Biogas in Belgium
• Flanders
– 17 operational (16,2 MWe)
– 6 being built (9,6 MWe)
• Walloon
– 4 operational (1 MWe)
– 1 being built (2 MWe)
AGENDA
• Federal state of Belgium
• Biogas-E vzw
• Biogas in Belgium
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats
• Conclusions
Strengths
• Academic & practical knowledge
– Universities
– Companies
– Good reputation
– Knowledge is still expanding
– New research aspects
Strengths
• Basic technology proven and known
– Easy to implement
– Basis for further research in pre-treatment of biomass and post-treatment of biogas and digestate
– Synergies with other technologies
Strengths
• High efficiency for a wide range of non-lignin biomass other bio fuels (specific input)
– waste products of other industries
– manure
– energy crops
AGENDA
• Federal state of Belgium
• Biogas-E vzw
• Biogas in Belgium
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats
• Conclusions
Weaknesses
• Energy savings are only benefits considered hitherto
Other policy objectives are left out (Kyoto, Nitrate directive 91/676/EEC)
• Large knowledge has not been put in practice
Few farm-scale digesters operational
Weaknesses
• Differences between basis for green certificates between regions– Flemish region
• Green certificates for every net MWh produced out of renewables
• CHP certificates for every MWh primary energy saved with qualitative CHP
– Walloon region
• Green certificates based on CO2-ratio (CO2-emissions in renewable chain divided by CO2-emissions in classic chain
• Max. 2 certificates/MWh
Weaknesses
• Differences between basis for green certificates between regions– Brussels Capital region
• Green certificates issued for each 217 kg CO2 reduction compared to a traditional installation
• No limit on the number on certificates/MWh
– Certificates can not be exchanged between regions
• 4 Ministers of energy: 1 Federal + 3 regional
Weaknesses
• Amount of nutrients by adding co-products
Increase of nutrient problem already present in Flanders
AGENDA
• Federal state of Belgium
• Biogas-E vzw
• Biogas in Belgium
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats
• Conclusions
Opportunities
• Manure surplus in Flanders as input material
– Ideal for stability in reactor
– Free (or even at a gate fee)
– Drying of digestate with heat AD is more and more seen as first step in manure processing (50% of planned installations use AD)
Opportunities
• Circular on environmental planning
– Possibility to construct an AD plant up to 60.000 tonnes in agricultural area
– Some conditions have to be fulfilled
– At least 60% of input material must be of agricultural origin
Opportunities
• New CHP-resolution– Easier to be qualitative CHP (relative
primary energy saving (RPE) >0% for installations <1MWe and RPE > 10% for installations ≥1MWewhereas before new resolution small CHPs had to have a RPE > 5%)
Opportunities
• Ongoing research in pre- and post-treatment– Digestion of 100% energy crops
– Synergies with other biofuel technologies (e.g. glycerol, waste products of bio-ethanol production,…)
– Selling electricity to the day ahead market
– Alternative use of biogas: transport fuel, injection in gas grid, fuel cells
AGENDA
• Federal state of Belgium
• Biogas-E vzw
• Biogas in Belgium
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats
• Conclusions
Threats
• Public acceptance – 33% of planned ongoing initiatives deal with
protest from neighbours
– 40% of last year’s initiatives have been cancelled or delayed over the last year, mainly due to protest
– In many cases this protest is inappropriate or exaggerated
– One protest stimulates others to do likewise
– Uncertain how this trend will evolve
Threats
• Investment support mechanism is uncertain
– Resources are insufficient
– Call system
– Uncertainty on termination of nuclear power facilities
– Instability of long term policy
Threats
• Uncertainty on cost of input and output
– Maize silage is already more expensive
– Price for disposal of nutrients depends on policy
Threatening for return on investment
AGENDA
• Federal state of Belgium
• Biogas-E vzw
• Biogas in Belgium
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats
• Conclusions
Conclusions
• Excellent knowledge is greatest strength
• Lack of operational (farm-scale) digesters and political structure of Belgium are biggest weaknesses
• Manure surplus can be seen both as an opportunity and as a threat
• The biggest threat as we speak is the lack of public acceptance
Thank you
Filip Velghe
Technological advisor
Biogas-E vzw
Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5
B-8500 Kortrijk
T - +32 56 24 12 63
F - +32 56 24 12 24
www.biogas-e.be
Bruno Mattheeuws
Policy and communication advisor