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Biogas and nutrient recovery in the green biorefinery
Hinrich Uellendahl
Section for Sustainable Biotechnology
A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen
[email protected], ph +45 99 40 25 85
Complex Organic Materials/
Polymers
Monomers
Acetate H2 + CO 2
Intermediates:
VFA
Alcohols
CH4
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Acetogenesis
Hydrolytic Bacteria
Fermentative Bacteria
Homoacetogens
H2 producing
fatty acids
oxidizing Bacteria
(Syntrophs)
Methanogens
(H2 utilizers)
51% 30% 19%
30%70%
H2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria
Methanogens
(aceticlastic)
acid synthesizing
bacteria
Methanogenesis
Complex Organic Materials/
Polymers
Complex Organic Materials/
Polymers
MonomersMonomers
AcetateAcetate H2 + CO 2H2 + CO 2
Intermediates:
VFA
Alcohols
Intermediates:
VFA
Alcohols
CH4CH4
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Acetogenesis
Hydrolytic Bacteria
Fermentative Bacteria
Homoacetogens
H2 producing
fatty acids
oxidizing Bacteria
(Syntrophs)
H2 producing
fatty acids
oxidizing Bacteria
(Syntrophs)
Methanogens
(H2 utilizers)
Methanogens
(H2 utilizers)
51% 30% 19%
30%70%
H2 producing acetate oxidizing BacteriaH2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria
Methanogens
(aceticlastic)
Methanogens
(aceticlastic)
acid synthesizing
bacteria
acid synthesizing
bacteria
Methanogenesis
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Anaerobic digestion for energy production and nutrient recovery
Biogas
plantBioGAS
Digestate
-> Nutrient recovery
(Waste)
Biomass
Energy
• Recovery of both energy and nutrients
Biogas
plant
• Recovery of both energy and nutrients
• Upgraded biogas as biofuel for transportation
• Mature technology in different scales
• Highest GHG emission reduction by AD of manure
BioGAS
Biogas
Upgrading
CHP
plant
Natural Gas Grid
Digestate
-> Nutrient recovery
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
(Waste)
Biomass
Anaerobic digestion for energy production and nutrient recovery
Biogas
plant
BioGAS
Fertilizer
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
(Waste)
Biomass
Biogas of residual streams of a biorefinery
Biorefinery
Extraction of
High-value
products
Conversion of
residual
organic
matter
Biogas
plant
MECHANICALFRACTIONATION
PROTEINPRECIPITATION
BioGAS
Feed
BiomassBrown Juice
Protein concentrate
Green Juice
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Biogas as integrated part of the green biorefinery
Presscake
• AD of press cake
• AD of brown juice
• Separately or in co-digestion?
Fertilizer
”Wet” digestion (TS < 15%) ”Dry” digestion (TS > 15%) Wastewater (TS < 3%)
+ Manure,
Sewage
sludge
CSTRPacked bed reactor
(with percolation)
Full-scale technologies for AD of dry + wet biomass
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
UASB
EGSB
Immobilization
of MOs in
sludge bed
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Biogas production from press cake and brown juice
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Biogas production from brown juice
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 10 20 30 40
Me
than
e y
ield
(mL-
CH
4/gV
S)
Time (days)
Press cake 100% Press cake / Brown juice 75/25% Press cake / Brown juice 50/50%
Press cake / Brown juice 25/75% Brown juice 100% BLANK
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Batch experiments in different mixtures
Brown juice
Presscake
Methane yield of press cake and brown juice
Red cloverClover grassfrom
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
CSTR experiments, 37°C, HRT 20 d
Methane yield of press cake – alone/in co-digestion with brown juice
Brown juice
Presscake
Red cloverClover grassfrom
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
UASB experiments
37°C, HRT 1-3 d, pH adjusted
Methane yield of brown juice
Brown juice
Red cloverClover grass
from
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Press cake (PC) Brown juice (BJ) Co-digestion PC+BJ
• CSTR, HRT = 20d,
TS-adjusted by H2O
• Stable process
• Average methane
yield
202 mL-CH4/g-VS.
• CSTR, HRT = 20d,
no adjustment
• Stable process
• Average methane
yield
236 mL-CH4/g-VS
Batch tests (mesophilic, after 28d)
Reactor tests
• UASB, HRT = 2-3d,
pH-adjusted
• Stable process
• Average methane
yield
202 mL-CH4/g-VS.
• Methane yield
307 mL-CH4/g-VS.
• Methane yield
350 mL-CH4/g-VS in
75%PC/25%BJ mix
• Methane yield
456 mL-CH4/g-VS.
Presscake
Brown juice
Brown juice
Presscake
Methane yield of press cake and brown juice
Biogas
plant
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Biogas as integrated part of the green biorefinery
MECHANICALFRACTIONATION
PROTEINPRECIPITATION
BiomassBrown Juice
Green Juice
Presscake
The green biorefinery as add-on to a biogas plant
Feed
Protein concentrate
BioGAS
Fertilizer
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Nutrients
BiomassBrown Juice
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Nutrient recovery in the green biorefinery- mass balance of fractionation
Presscake
Press cake Brown juice
g/kg % of
input
g/kg % of
input
Red clover
N 7.00 53% 0.80 8%
P 0.59 53% 0.13 15%
K 4.97 43% 1.60 19%
S 0.32 52% 0.03 6%
Clover grass
N 4.90 63% 0.80 15%
P 0.57 56% 0.19 27%
K 5.51 40% 3.04 31%
S 0.32 55% 0.11 26%
Nutrients
Biogas
plant
BiomassBrown Juice
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Nutrient recovery in the green biorefinery- mass balance of AD process
Presscake
AD input AD digestate
g/kg % of N g/kg % of
input/N
Co-digestion PC+BJ, CSTR
N 2.50 2.60 101%
NH4+ 0.24 9.4% 1.12 43%
P 0.26 0.34 131%
K 3.33 3.35 101%
S 0.18 0.22 125%
Mono-digestion BJ, UASB
N 0.57 0.39 68%
NH4+
0.06 11% 0.06 16%
P 0.19 0.11 59%
K 3.04 2.03 67%
S 0.11 0.06 56%
BioGAS
Nutrients
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Biogas production from residues PC and BJ:
• Both co-digestion of PC+BJ and mono-digestion of BJ in UASB showed stable process performance.
• Co-digestion of PC+BJ in the ratio coming from the fractionation does not need pH, nutrient or TS adjustment.
Nutrient recovery:
• 52-63% of N, P, S is recovered in PC and 6-27% in BJ while 40-43% of K is recovered in PC and 19-31% in BJ.
• In the co-digestion process a high share of total-N is converted into NH4
+, while this is only limited in the UASB process of BJ.
• Nutrient conc. in digestate from mono-digestion of BJ is too low for practical application on the field.
Conclusions
Biogas and nutrient recovery in the green biorefinery
Hinrich Uellendahl
Section for Sustainable Biotechnology
A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen
[email protected], ph +45 99 40 25 85
Complex Organic Materials/
Polymers
Monomers
Acetate H2 + CO 2
Intermediates:
VFA
Alcohols
CH4
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Acetogenesis
Hydrolytic Bacteria
Fermentative Bacteria
Homoacetogens
H2 producing
fatty acids
oxidizing Bacteria
(Syntrophs)
Methanogens
(H2 utilizers)
51% 30% 19%
30%70%
H2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria
Methanogens
(aceticlastic)
acid synthesizing
bacteria
Methanogenesis
Complex Organic Materials/
Polymers
Complex Organic Materials/
Polymers
MonomersMonomers
AcetateAcetate H2 + CO 2H2 + CO 2
Intermediates:
VFA
Alcohols
Intermediates:
VFA
Alcohols
CH4CH4
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Acetogenesis
Hydrolytic Bacteria
Fermentative Bacteria
Homoacetogens
H2 producing
fatty acids
oxidizing Bacteria
(Syntrophs)
H2 producing
fatty acids
oxidizing Bacteria
(Syntrophs)
Methanogens
(H2 utilizers)
Methanogens
(H2 utilizers)
51% 30% 19%
30%70%
H2 producing acetate oxidizing BacteriaH2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria
Methanogens
(aceticlastic)
Methanogens
(aceticlastic)
acid synthesizing
bacteria
acid synthesizing
bacteria
Methanogenesis
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Anaerobic digestion for energy production and nutrient recovery
Biorefinery
(Waste) Biomass valorization in a biorefinery
Biofuels
Plastics
Biochemicals
…
Pharmaceuticals
CosmeticsNutrients
+ other
resources
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
(Waste)
Biomass
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Anaerobic digestion by mixed microbial cultures
Complex Organic Materials/
Polymers
Monomers
Acetate H2 + CO 2
Intermediates:
VFA
Alcohols
CH4
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Acetogenesis
Hydrolytic Bacteria
Fermentative Bacteria
Homoacetogens
H2 producing
fatty acids
oxidizing Bacteria
(Syntrophs)
Methanogens
(H2 utilizers)
51% 30% 19%
30%70%
H2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria
Methanogens
(aceticlastic)
acid synthesizing
bacteria
Methanogenesis
Complex Organic Materials/
Polymers
Complex Organic Materials/
Polymers
MonomersMonomers
AcetateAcetate H2 + CO 2H2 + CO 2
Intermediates:
VFA
Alcohols
Intermediates:
VFA
Alcohols
CH4CH4
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Acetogenesis
Hydrolytic Bacteria
Fermentative Bacteria
Homoacetogens
H2 producing
fatty acids
oxidizing Bacteria
(Syntrophs)
H2 producing
fatty acids
oxidizing Bacteria
(Syntrophs)
Methanogens
(H2 utilizers)
Methanogens
(H2 utilizers)
51% 30% 19%
30%70%
H2 producing acetate oxidizing BacteriaH2 producing acetate oxidizing Bacteria
Methanogens
(aceticlastic)
Methanogens
(aceticlastic)
acid synthesizing
bacteria
acid synthesizing
bacteria
MethanogenesisBiogas
Mixed
Microbial
Cultures
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
Complex biomass
Green Biorefining Seminar
June 29, 2018
Anaerobic digestion by mixed microbial cultures
Biogas
Mixed
Microbial
Cultures
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
Complex biomass
AD conditions
• Water solution
/slurry, 1-20% DM
• pH 6.5 – 8.0
• Macro- and
micronutrients
• Temperature:
mesophilic 37°C
thermophilic 52°C
• C/N ratio
• Low concentration
of inhibitors
Adaptation