BiofilmNew Update

7/18/2019 BiofilmNew Update

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BIOLOGICAL BIOFILM

PROCESSES

By

Dr. Alaadin A. Bukhari

Centre for Environent and !aterResearch Institute

KFUPM



PRESE"#A#IO" LA$O%#

• Introdu&tion

• Biofil

– Phy'i&al and Chei&al Pro(ertie'

– )ineti&' of Biofil Sy'te'

• Biolo*i&al Biofil Sy'te'

– #ri&klin* Filter

– Fludi+ed Bed

– Pa&ked Bed



I"#ROD%C#IO"

• %'ed for reoval of or*ani& (ollutant'

fro ,a'te,ater'

• Biolo*i&al treatent i' (o(ular due to- – lo, &o't

– effe&tive in reoval of a ,ide ran*e of

or*ani& &ontainant'

– effe&tive in reoval of &olloidal or*ani&'

– &an reove toi& non/or*ani& (ollutant' 'u&h

a' heavy etal'



Principles of Biological Processes

• Aerobic:

Organic matter O! → "O! #!O cell energ$

• Anaerobic: %&P

Organic matter → intr' "O! #!O cell energ$

%&P

interme(iates → "#) "O! energ$



Pro&e'' Liitation' in #reatin*

0a+ardou' !a'te,ater• A&&liation (eriod i' u'ually re1uired

• Sen'itivity of the i&roor*ani'' to 'ho&k loadin*

• Pro&e''e' ay (rodu&e 2y/(rodu&t' that are ore

toi& than the initial 'u2'tan&e

• Certain indu'trial ,a'te,ater re1uired

(retreatent

• #e(erature 'hould not e&eed 3345F 678 5 C9



BIOFILMS

• *efinition:

+A gelatinous la$er consisting of cells

immobili,e( in an organic pol$mer matri-

of microbial origin.



Phy'i&al Chara&teri'ti&'

• #hi&kne'' ran*e' fro fe, i&ron' to over

3444 i&ron'

• Surfa&e i' irre*ular :rou*h;

• S(e&ially hetero*eneou'

• Con'i't' of t,o &o(artent'- – Ba'e fil

– Surfa&e fil







Chei&al Pro(ertie'

• #he Etra/Cellular Polyer' 6EPS9 *ive the

2iofil it' &hei&al (ro(ertie'

• EPS &o(ound' are doinated 2y hydroyl

and &ar2oyli& *rou(' 6 O0/< COO/ 9

• #he 2iofil ha' a net anioni& &har*e ,hi&h

influen&e tran'(ort of &ontainant'



)ineti&' of Biofil Sy'te'

Ph$sical mass transport:/he rate of mass transport of substrate from the

bul0 li1ui( across a unit area of the stagnant li1ui(la$er to the biofilm surface is calle( the flu-'

%s 2 K 3 45 b 6 5s78here:

%s 2 flu- in units of mass per unit area per unit time

K 3 2 mass transfer coefficient9 length per time

5 b 2 substrate concentration in the bul0 li1ui(

5s 2 substrate concentration at the biofilm surface





• 5eeral correlations hae been suggeste((escribing the mass transfer coefficient such as:

K 3 2 &';µ 5c6&<! Re6&<!

or

K 2 ='>&?µ 5c6!<; Re6&<!

8here:

µ 2 iscosit$ of flui(

5c 2 5chmi(t number 4µ <P(7

Re 2 Re$nol(s number



Rea&tion at the Surfa&e of the 2iofil

/he rate of consumption of substrate at the surfaceof the biofilm is gien b$ Mono( 0inetics:

1m 5s6r s 2 6666666666666

4K s 5s7

8here:

6r s 2 reaction rate9 mass per unit time per unit area

1m

2 ma-imum specific substrate remoal rate9 mass per

unit time per unit area

K s 2 saturation constant9 mass per unit olume

5s 2 substrate concentration at the biofilm surface



Ma'' #ran'fer !ithin the Biofil

5ubstrate transport 8ithin the biofilm occurs throughthe process of (iffusion 8hich is characteri,e( b$

Fic0@s la8 as the follo8ing:

%s 2 6* 4(s<(-78here:

* 2 (iffusion coefficient9 area per unit time

(s<(- 2 concentration gra(ient

*iffusion 8ithin the film:

%s 2 6*e 4(s<(-7





Biolo*i&al Biofil Sy'te'

• #y(e' of 2iofil 'y'te'

– Fied/ediu 'y'te'

• #ri&klin* filter'

• Pa&ked 2ed rea&tor'

– Movin*/ediu 'y'te'

• Rotatin* 2iolo*i&al &onta&tor'

• Fluidi+ed 2ed rea&tor'



#ri&klin* Filter'

/ric0ling filters consists of three maor components

filter me(ia9 (istribution s$stem9 an( un(er(rain s$stem'

Filter Me(ia

•/he filter me(ia proi(e the surface an( oi(s•5houl( hae the follo8ing characteristics:

– Proi(e large surface area

– Allo8s li1ui( to flo8 in a thin sheet

– #as sufficient oi( spaces

– Biologicall$ inert

– "hemicall$ stable

– Mechanicall$ stable







#y(i&al Media %'ed

• Stone edia – u'ually &ru'hed *ranite or lie 'tone

– 'i+e ran*e' 2et,een =/7 in&he'

– 'urfa&e area ran*e' fro >4/?@ =8 ,ith around

>4 void'

• Pla'ti& edia – Provide' lar*e 'urfa&e area

– Provide' lar*e void '(a&e' – Du(ed (la'ti& edia< 'urfa&e area ran*e' fro

?@/874 =8 ,ith void ratio' of ?>

– Modular (la'ti& edia< 'urfa&e area ran*e' fro

@3/3?> =8







• Di'tri2ution 'y'te – Provide' unifor hydrauli& loadin* on the filter

'urfa&e – Rotational '(eed i' u'ually 3 rev34 in

• %nderdrain 'y'te – Su((ort' the edia

– Colle&t' the effluent

– Perit' &ir&ulation of air throu*h the 2ed

– Made of vitrified &lay 6for 'tone edia9 or 'i(leetal *ratin*' 6for (la'ti& edia9

• Confi*uration – #ri&klin* filter' &an 2e e(loyed a' a 'in*le unit<

unit' in 'erie'< or unit' in (arallel





• Filter de'i*n (araeter'

– 0ydrauli& Loadin*

• Flo, (er unit area 68day.=9

• %((er and lo,er liit' 'hould 2e &on'idered

• Lo,er liit to ,et all of the edia

6for (la'ti& edia liit i' hi*her than 'tone edia9

• hi*her liit to (revent floodin* of filter 2ed



– Or*ani& loadin*

• I' the a'' a((li&ation rate of or*ani& atter(er unit volue of rea&tor 6l2 BODday/3444ft89

• 0i*her or*ani& loadin* lead' to e&e''ive

*ro,th of i&roor*ani''• Re&ir&ulation i' u'ed to in&rea'e the hydrauli&

loadin* ,hile kee(in* or*ani& loadin* &on'tant



• Advanta*e'-

– Ideal for reote 'ite' or 'all&ounitie' due to their 'i(li&ity and

ea'e of o(eration

– Can handle 'ho&k loadin* due to thelar*e a'' of i&roor*ani'' (re'ent in

the filter and the nature of the 2iofil

– Produ&e den'e 'lud*e that &an 2e ea'ilyreoved 2y 'ettlin*



• Di'advanta*e'-

– #here i' no &ontrol on the effluent 1ualityin re'(on'e to &han*e in flo, rate<or*ani& &on&entration< and te(erature

– Breedin* of flie' and other in'e&t' in the'uer onth' &reate' a nui'an&e&ondition in the vi&inity



Fluidi+ed Bed Sy'te'

• De'&ri(tion- – Fluidi+ed 2ed 'y'te' are a &o2ination of atta&hed/

*ro,th and 'u'(ended/*ro,th 'y'te'

– Bed edia &on'i't' of 'all (arti&le' u'ually 'and or

*ranular a&tivated &ar2on. Al'o< *la'' (arti&le' and

fa2ri&ated edia &an 2e u'ed

– #he 2ed (a&kin* aterial i' ke(t in a 'u'(en'ion 2y an

u(,ard flo, of influent ,a'te,ater

– #he effluent i' di'&har*ed into a 'ettlin* tank to 'e(arate

2ioa'' e'&a(in* in the effluent





• Prin&i(le' of the Pro&e''-

– Li1uid i' (a''ed u(,ard' throu*h a 2ed of 'olid(arti&le'

– A' the li1uid velo&ity i' in&rea'ed< the 2ed e(and'

– #he (arti&le' 'e(arate and 2e&oe free to orerelative to ea&h other

– #he li1uid velo&ity re1uired to a&hieve thi' effe&t

de(end' on the relative den'itie' of the li1uid and the

(arti&le'< a' ,ell a' the 'i+e and 'ha(e of the (arti&le'



• Advanta*e'-

– Eliinate (ro2le' of &lo**in*

– A very lar*e 'urfa&e area i' availa2le for the *ro,th ofi&roor*ani''

– Sall &o(a&t 'y'te'

– Be&au'e the i&roor*ani'' are atta&hed to the 'olid(arti&le'< ,a'h/out of i&roor*ani'' are eliinated

– Eliinate the need to re&y&le i&roor*ani'' 2a&k to

the rea&tor a' the &a'e of a&tivated 'lud*e 'y'te'

– Eliinate' flo, 'hort/&ir&uitin*

– Effi&ient a'' tran'(ort



• Di'advanta*e'- – Re1uire' hi*h de*ree of &ontrol

– Lar*e a&&uulation' of 2iolo*i&al fil on the

'urfa&e of the (arti&le' &an lead to a**re*ationof (arti&le' ,hi&h ,ould adver'ely affe&t 'y'te

(erforan&e



Pa&ked/2ed Sy'te'

• Su2er*ed u(flo, rea&tor (a&ked ,ith'yntheti& edia

• O(erated under anaero2i& &ondition'

• Re&y&le i' de'ira2le to dilute influent

• Media u'ed-

– Sand (arti&le' – Pla'ti& edia

– Aluinu oide (arti&le'





• Advanta*e'-

– Cell yield i' lo,

– "o oy*en i' re1uired

– Produ&tion of ener*y 'our&e 6C079

– Lo, nutrient re1uireent'

• Di'advanta*e'-

– Lo, *ro,th rate' – Sen'itivity to (0 &han*e'

– Su'&e(ti2ility to toi&ity and inhi2ition



Suary

– A((li&ation of the (ro&e'' ha' *reat

(otential

– Ro2u't (ro&e'' in &o(ari'on ,ith other

2iolo*i&al (ro&e''e'

– Roo for re'ear&h i' o(en



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