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Bioenergy and Biorefining in a Circular (Bio)Economy

Task42 Biorefining in a Future Bioeconomy

Irini MaltsoglouClimate and Environment Division

Bruxelles, 27 September 2017

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Scope of the meeting

The aim of the meeting is:

• To inform each other on running and planned activities in the field of Bioenergy and Biorefining in a Circular (Bio)Economy;

• To analyse cooperation opportunities to be able to use available (financial) resources as efficient as possible and to come-up with results that will have a broad support;

• To define one/more joint activities to be performed in the coming year(s);

• To organise a joint dissemination event to communicate our views/results jointly to a wider public (side event international conference, etc.).

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Point to address

• Please try to include the following issues within your intros:

• Current running and planned bioenergy/biorefining activities within the framework of a circular (bio)economy in which your organisation is involved.

• Overview of recent reports published by your organisation dealing with this subject.

• What role do you see for bioenergy and biorefining in a future circular (bio)economy, i.e. bioenergy/biofuel based biorefineries vs. product-based biorefineries?

• What are in your view the most important technical barriers to overcome and major R&I Actions (TRL increase) necessary to favour market deployment of bioenergy processes/biorefineries in a circular (bio)economy?

• What are the most important non-technical bottle-necks?

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Agriculture and Climate Change

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Energy Smart Food Programme

www.fao.org/energy

• In terms of Bioenergy

– Bioeconomy

– Sustainble Bioenergy

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Current FAO work related to Sustainable

Bioeconomy

• FAO has been working for a while on sustainable

bioenergy (including BEFS, GBEP and IFES)

• FAO received a mandate to coordinate international

work on ‘food first’ sustainable bioeconomy from 62

Ministers present at the Global Forum for Food and

Agriculture (2015)

• FAO has received support from the Government of

Germany to develop guidelines on sustainable

bioeconomy development (Phase 1: 2016; Phase 2:

2017-mid 2020)

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Sustainable Bioenergy Guidelines

Results of Phase 1 (Nov 2015 – October 2016)

• Informal Multi-stakeholder Working Group on Sustainable Bioeconomy: 20 members so far - 9 countries (BR, CN, UY, NL, DE, US, AR, ZA, MY), German Bioeconomy Council, EU, OECD, CIAT, UNEP, WWF, Nordic Council of Ministries, EU Bioeconomy Public-Private Consortium, Wageningen University, WBCSD and FAO

• Overview of how sustainability is addressed in about 20 bioeconomy strategies (regional, national and sub-national) –published in September 2016

• Aspirational Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Bioeconomy

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Principles and Criteria approved by the ISBWG during Phase I

P1. Sustainable bioeconomy development should support food security and nutrition at all levels

C1.1. Food security and nutrition are supported

C1.2. Sustainable intensification of biomass production is promoted

C1.3. Adequate land rights and rights to other natural resources are guaranteed

C1.4. Food safety, disease prevention and human health is ensured

P2. Sustainable bioeconomy should ensure that natural resources are conserved, protected and enhanced

C2.1. Biodiversity conservation is ensured

C2.2. Climate change mitigation and adaptation is pursued

C2.3. Water quality and quantity are maintained, and, in as much as possible enhanced

C2.4. The degradation of land, soil, forests and marine environments is prevented, stopped and/or reversed

P3. Sustainable bioeconomy should support competitive and inclusive economic growth

C3.1. Economic development is fostered

C3.2. Inclusive economic growth is strengthened

C3.3. Resilience of the rural and urban economy is enhanced

P4. Sustainable bioeconomy should make communities healthier, more sustainable, & harness social &ecosystem

resilience

C4.1. The sustainability of urban centres should be enhanced

C4.2. Resilience of biomass producers, rural communities and ecosystems is developed and/or strengthened

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P5. Sustainable bioeconomy should rely on improved efficiency in the use of resources and biomass

C5.1. Resource efficiency, waste prevention and waste re-use along the whole bioeconomy value chain is improved

C5.2. Food loss and waste is minimised and, when unavoidable, its biomass is reused or recycled

P6. Responsible and effective governance mechanisms should underpin sustainable bioeconomy

C6.1. Policies, regulations and institutional set up relevant to bioeconomy sectors are adequately harmonised

C6.2. Inclusive consultation processes, engagement of all relevant sectors, adequate and based on transparent sharing of info

C6.3. Appropriate risk assessment & management, monitoring and accountability systems are put in place and implemented

P7. Sustainable bioeconomy should make good use of existing relevant knowledge and proven sound technologies and good

practices, and, where appropriate, promote R&I

C7.1. Existing knowledge is adequately valued and proven sound technologies are fostered

C7.2. Knowledge generation and innovation are promoted

P8. Sust. bioeconomy should use and promote sust. trade and market

C8.1. Local economies should not be hampered but rather harnessed by trade of raw & processed biomass, &related tech

P9. Sustainable bioeconomy should address societal needs and encourage sustainable bio-based consumption

C9.1. Consumption patterns of bioeconomy goods match sustainable supply levels of biomass goods

C9.2. Demand- and supply- side market mechs. and policy coherence between supply & demand of food and non-f. goods are

enhanced

P10: Sustainable bioeconomy should promote cooperation, collaboration and sharing between interested and concerned

stakeholders in all relevant domains and at all relevant levels

C10.1. Cooperation, collaboration and sharing of resources, skills & technologies are enhanced when and where appropriate

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Sustainable Bioeconomy Guidelines

(Phase 2: Mid-2017 to Mid-2020)

• Lessons learnt from examples of successful experiences in bioeconomy development

• A compilation of good bioeconomy practices

• Review and report on policies to promote good bioeconomy practices

• A ‘toolbox’ on sustainable bioeconomy, building to a large extent on the FAO sustainable bioenergy toolbox

• Agreed indicators to monitor and evaluate the performance of the implementation of good bioeconomy practices

• BMEL/Germany has committed to support the development of the above components, more support from the Nordic Council of Ministers for the work on indicators, additional support likely to be needed, for instance, to test the guidelines at country level

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FAO’s Support Package for Sustainable

Bioenergy Development

Sustainable Bioenergy Potential:BEFS Assessment

Sustainability of Bioenergy Sector:GBEP Indicators

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Initial Assessment:The BEFS Rapid Appraisal

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Initial Assessment:The BEFS Rapid Appraisal

Country status Key food staples, agriculture export crops, energy demand and access

Natural Resources: Biomass Potential

Assessment

Quantity of feedstock potentially available considering the country needs

Feedstock costs for some cases

Energy end use options

Considering the feedstock potentially available, the feedstock costs and the domestic energy requirements:

Production costs, investment requirements, economic profitability, labour needs, number of households supplied, etc.

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Bioenergy Activities: Some Examples from

BEFS and GBEPAfrica Cote d’Ivoire

Egypt

Malawi

Sierra Leone

South Africa

Rwanda

Tanzania

SE4All Focal Points, training

AsiaASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)BhutanCambodiaIndonesiaPakistanPhilippinesSri LankaThailandTurkey

AmericaOAS (The Organization of American States)BrazilCosta RicaPeruEl SalvadorJamaicaHondurasGuatemalaHaitiDominican Republic

Colombia

Most results obtained can be found available online in BEFS web page

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Some of the Current Bioenergy Activities

• GBEP Sustainability Criteria: Vietnam, Paraguay

• IFES: Ghana and Mozambique

• FORBIO Project: Second generation options on contaminated land, Germany, Sardenia and Ukraine

• Bioenergy Assessment/NDC: Rwanda, Zambia, Seychelles, Georgia

• Energy/bioenergy in emergency settings

• Training

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Gaps/Areas of interest

• Logistics of biomass residues

• Which options work on the ground

Invest in harvesting

and collection of biomass (machinery

and transport)

Biomass

productionHarvest and

collectionStorage Preprocessing

Biomass Production

ChainEnergy production

Harvest and

collectionStorage Preprocessing

Invest in storage

infrastructure

Invest in optimal

preprocessing machinery

(dryers, choppers etc.)

Investment Options

/Requirements

Invest in energy generation technology tied to specific residue

types and energy demand

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Remarks

• Bioenergy is not for all, hydro, wind, solar, geothermal etcmight be the best options (beyond our remit)

• Having said that, in some cases bioenergy may have significant potential, is not intermittent and can offer benefits for agriculture/rural development

• Considerable effort seems to be needed still to pull bioenergy off the ground, and to ensure the “correct” options are pursued (including which technologies can work). Bioenergy/Bioeconomy needs to prove that it works and is feasible.

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Example 1: BEFS RA MALAWI

Features:

National Level Analysis, intended

to establish a bioenergy road

map

Natural Resources Tools : Crops, Agriculture Residues, Forestry

Energy End Use Tools : Heating and Cooking, Rural Electrification and Transpot

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Example 2: BEFS RA El Salvador

Natural Resources Tools : Crops

Energy End Use Tools : Transport and Molasses Ethanol tools

Features:

Comparative analysis to

understand how fuel ethanol

industry should be

developed

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BEFS Assessment: ScopeC

rop

Re

sid

ue

sLi

vest

ock

Re

sid

ue

sCogeneration

Heat Electricity

Briquettes/Pellets

Cooking

Agr

icu

ltu

ral R

esi

du

es

?

• How?• Where?• How much it cost?• Impact on renewable energy targets?

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CHP (Direct Combustion and Biogas)

Promising Locations