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Emerging forest-based solutions and their Implications for forest management
Desafios y Oportunidades para unaBioeconomia forestal en el Sur de Europa
Towards a forest based bioeconomy
I Congreso Español de Bioeconomia ForestalSantander, 29-30 Noviembre 2017
Inazio Martínez de AranoMediterranean Regional Office of the European Forest Institute
What to expect
19 December 20172
• Porqué la Bioeconomía no es business as usual
• El Sur de Europa es diferente… o no?
• Retos y Oportunidades
• Tres Implicaciones para la política forestal
La bioeconomía
19 December 20173
Fuel basedLinear economy
Bioeconomy
19.12.2017
• Cambio climático• Diversidad
biológica• Ciclos de N y P
• Aerosoles atmosfericos
• ”novel entities”Rockström et al. 2009
Boundaries for a safe opperating environment
19.12.2017
Operating environment for humanity
Rockström et al. 2009 Raworth 2017
• Agua,...• Trabajo• Prosperidad• ...• Dignidad• Participación• Indentidad.• ...
19.12.2017
19 December 20177
Global ChangeGlobal change is shaking economic sectors and balance across regions
• Population & consumption growth
• Emerging economies taking bigger share
• Europe and Med. Structural unemployment.
• Digital revolution• Industry 4.0• Sharing economy
• Biotech & nanotech revolution
19 December 20178
The Global Footprint Network (2015)
• Gestion de los recursos naturales• Generacion de empleo
• Cambio climatico• Relaciones euromediterraneas
• Hemos superado la biocapacidad x 2.5
Grandes Retos de la región Euromediterranea
La bioeconomía
19 December 20179
Fuel basedLinear economy
BioeconomíaINNOVATIONSocial, technological,managerial you name it
An economic sector?
The Biologisation of the economy?A transformation of main Economicsector?
Un bio‐sector emergente
19 December 201710
Bioeconomy as a sector
19 December 201711
data from JRC, 2016
Turn over b€, severalyears (JRC 2016)
What can forest bioeconomy do for greening key sectors?
19 December 201712
Main sectors of green economy(Burkart, K, Mother Nature Network)
• Land management• Renewable energy• Green buildings• Sustainable transport• Water management• Waste management
Main sectors of green economy (UNEP 2011)
• Natural capital• Renewable energy• Manufacturing• Waste • Buildings• Transport• Tourism• Cities
Material intensity in Europe
19 December 201713
Una Bioeconomia Circular
19 December 201714
19 December 201715
Key questions for the circular bioeconomy
Maximizar beneficios sociales (empleo, prosperidad, bienestar....)
thousand EUR turnover / Job (source JRC)
19 December 201716
Key questions for the circular bioeconomy
Maximizar beneficios sociales (empleo, prosperidad, bienestar....)
19 December 201717
Key questions for the circular bioeconomy
Maximizar beneficios Ambientales• Carbon footprint• Water footprint• Dematerialisation• Waste...
EFI, 2015
19 December 201718
Key questions for the circular bioeconomyStrong Sustainablity
OCDE 2009
19 December 201719
Key questions for the circular bioeconomyStrong Sustainablity
EFI, 2015
19 December 201720
EFI 2017
19 December 201721
MENSAJE 1
La Bioeconomía Circular no es BAU!
A bioeconomy Strategy for France, 2017
El sur de Europa ¿es diferente?
19 December 201722
Southern Europe is also a buzzword
Contexto 1
• High population (480 M. inhabitants) • 66% of people lives in cities• 30% of world tourism• 60% of population in water scarce areas• Structural unemployment• Global biodiversity & heritage hotspot
Biocapacity
Dramatic climate change
Figure 1. Percentage changes in average annual runoff projected by four climate models for the period 2090-2099, relative to 1980-1999 Source: IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Figure 3.5, p. 49
Regional innovation scoreboard, EC 2017 (left), DG RESEARCH (2017) Rigght
Capacidad Innovacion Bioeconomy readiness
Contexto 2: el sector forestal
19 December 201727
European Forest InstituteEFI
IIASA 2008Study of the Effects of Globalization on the conomicViability of EU Forestry
sawn wood oriented central
Low profitability, low Management Mediterranean
Multifunctdomestic
Resource burs in tras¡nsition
Harvesting intensity in Europe
Source: Levers et al 2014
One of the world most radical forest transitions
Forest fires Trend: area burnt in WE
• 500.000 ha /yr in Med Europe• > EUR 2 500 Million /yr in combat??• Economic and ecological damage
mission interministérielle Changement climatique et extension des zones sensibles aux feux de forêt, 2010
France needs + 20% budget but 2040
Mediterranean Forests: Fragmentation
19 December 201733
European Forest InstituteEFI
Castilla and Leon1.000.000 owened by 700.000 thousen owners
Forestry in the cross‐roads: social values
license to operate,
license to PES
Consume behaviour
Up to 30% of theland in Natura 2000
European Commision2012. Natura 2000 Network
• Ecological hotspost• Lack of value
3 Biomass availability
19 December 201736
ES
ForestProduction
Forest residues
wood residues
FIForestProduction
Forestresidues
wood residues
SEForestProduction
Forestresidues
wood residues
PT
ForestProduction
Forestresidues
wood residues
ITForestProduction
Forest residues
wood residues
BlackLiquour
FR
ForestProduction
Forest residues
wood residues
ELForestProduction
Forest residues
wood residues
High weight of agro-biomass
Base on data from S2Biom project
Availablity of forest and forest biomass in Regions
19 December 201737
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Har
vest
ed m
3 pe
r cap
ita
-2,5 0 2,5 5 7,5 10 12,5 15 17,5 20FOREST AREA ha / per capita
mediterraneancontinentalborealatlantic
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Har
vest
ed m
3 pe
r cap
ita
-,25 0 ,25 ,5 ,75 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 2FOREST AREA ha / per capita
mediterraneancontinentalatlantic
Forest ha inhab-1 std
Harvestm3 inhab-1 yr-1 std
Incrementm3ha-1yr-1 std
Atlantic 0.11a 0.22 0.35a 0.74 5.16a 0.69Boreal 4.17b 5.06 9.04b 8.08 3.06b 0.56Continental 0.29c 0.2 1.08c 1.00 4.14c 0.61Mediterranean 0.43d 0.44 0.42ad 0.65 3.73cd 0.78
19.12.2017 3
Los servicios ecosistémicos y los productos no madereros son muy valiosos!!
• NWFPs in EU are 10% of the value of
wood
• > 150 NWFPs are traded
internationally..
• EU is a global leader in supply (cork,
tannins…)
• The EU = 50% of global NWFP imports
• 25% of European families pick ≥ once
/yr Merlo & Croitoru 2005
Context 4. Diversidad!!!
19 December 201739
1. Southern Europe is Diverse!!
Context 5. Sectores tractores??
19 December 201740
Construction?42% del consumo energetico50% uses material & 33% residuos
Textil y Moda?• Polyester (60%)• Algodon (30%)
Automaticion?
Plasticos?
Context 4. Sectores tractores??
19 December 201741
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Index 2000 = 100
Packaging paper & board
Graphic paper
Wood pulp
Sawnwood
GDP per capita (real)Wood‐based panels
Wood fuel
Consumption per capita
Approaches to the bioeconomy
19 December 201742
(Bugge 2016)
• bio-technology centred pharma and research/ commercialisation of bio-techs. Solutions for multiple sectors
• bio-resource transformation of biomass for food, feed feedstock and manufacturing
• bio-ecology (agro ecology) focus on sustainability and ecological processes, local products organic farming….
Forest bioeconomy in RIS-3 Smart SpecialisationStrategiesMapping of EU Member States’ / regions’ Research and Innovation plans & Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3) on Bioeconomy (DG Research 2017)
19 December 201744
Regional bioeconomy profilesDG Research 2017.
Regions with-out biomass value chains• Type 1: Research driven bioeconomy• Type 5: industrial biotech driven bioeco
Regions with biomass value chains• Type 3: Incipient• Type 4 Advanced• Type 6 Integrated
Regions with agro-ecology approach• Type 2: Regions with a natural resources and
heritage driven bioeconomy profile
19 December 201745
Mensaje 2DG Research 2017.
La receta de la Bioeconomía mezcla:
1. Biotechs / 2. Bioresource / 3. Agro ecology
La bioeconomía surge en la intersección del con otros sectores
La disponibilidad y diversidad de biomasa no deja lugar para los comodities. Es importante apostar por aplicaciones de alto valor y baja intensidad material, incluyendo servicios terciarios…
Mensaje 3La bioeconomia está aquí!( y cada paso da muchas lecciones!)
19.12.201746
19 December 201747
Oliver Strewe Photography
19 December 201748
Wood construction in ItalyDrivers• Energy transition
o But luck of tight regulation• Tech developments CTL, NCN• Seismic & fire performance• Dry, speedy, prefabricated construction
Barriers• Lack of strong advocacy• High inertia (path dependency)• Main contractors are key element
o Risk aversiono Lack of industrial ecosystems o Tendering process
Humerkoski (2016), Fraggiacomo (2017
)
19 December 201749
Made in Italy is 20% Italian wood
• 7% market share, 4th in EU ranking• National increment: 35Mm3, harvest rate 30% energy=60%• Poplar plantation (80.000 ha) = 40% of native components• Poplar new plantation rate -50% since 1970s
o Low priceo Environmental regulationo No Social perception on positive externalities
Fraggiacomo 2017, Coaloa 201, Nervo et al 2011
19 December 201750
Made in Italy is 20% Italian wood
• Mediterranean conifers offer opportunitieso Standardization vs. adaptation to local
materialso Short supply chains?
19 December 201751
Made in Italy is 20% Italian wood
• Not in BIT• Yes in RIS3
19 December 201752
19 December 201753
Moving to local wood in 2006, upstream integration in 2016• Competing in long laminated beams commodity markets• Investing in upstream supply vs investing in engineering• 70K tons of dust/yr. opens new opportunities
19 December 201754
Is Cork !!
19 December 201755
19 December 201756
Herdade do Freixo do Meio
Biomass supply, intesification vs PES
Drip irrigationHigh densityTree farmingIntercropping (wood/herbs)
19 December 201757
19 December 201758 Calvo,J 2017 based in http://pinetappingworld.com/hgrp/
XX century peak• 250.000 tn/yr in• 25.000 jobs
About Resin!
19 December 201759
Castilla y Leon has recovered production, created direct jobs and attract investments
Structural reasons- Chinese forests reaching production limits- China is building processing capacity- Green chemistry push- Economic downturn made the job attractive again
19 December 201760
Forest chemistry
Xylofutur anual conference 2017
• 1,200 employees8 production sites in France China (1) and India (3)
• 50 scientists• 80% export markets• Importing natural resins
19 December 201761
Is About ICTs social innovation andterritorial marketing
19 December 201762
Gomez, R (2014)
19 December 201763
Key policy and research issues
• Regional dimensions: Scale and coherence• Engaging society: multifunctionality, awarness, consumers
• Sustainability: from SFM to sustainable value chains, from technical prescription to social consensus
• Securing supply of biomass: Intensification, mobilization, de‐fragmenting ownership, benefit sharing…
• Financing Industrial modernization: risk taking• Technologies and skills: new education
19 December 201764
• Regulatory framework: better informed policies, bio=bio
• Climate Change Adaptation• Innovation• Cooperation
19 December 201765
Gracias!