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Federal Department of Economic Affairs FDEA
Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART
BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR EUROPEAN FARMS
Philippe JEANNERET & Felix HERZOG&
Michaela ARNDORFER, Debra BAILEY, Katalin BALÁZS, Peter DENNIS, Tetyana DYMAN, Wendy FJELLSTAD, Jürgen FRIEDEL, Salah GARCHI, Ilse GEIJZENDORFFER, Rob JONGMAN, Max
KAINZ, Luisa LAST, Gisela LÜSCHER, Gerardo MORENO, Charles NKWIINE, Maurizio G. PAOLETTI, Philippe POINTEREAU, Jean-Pierre SARTHOU, Siyka STOYANOVA, Stefano
TARGETTI, Davide VIAGGI, Sebastian WOLFRUM
European Economic & Social Committee, Brussels, 25.03.2013
Nematoda
Nematoda
Algae
Algae
CrustaceaeCrustaceae
Organismal diversity – species richness
1.5 mio
1 mio
Biodiversity – the context
3
From „Global Biodiversity Assessment“ (1995)
8 mio
Estimated
Protozoa
Protozoa
0.9 mio
Known
Importance of farmland for biodiversity
48 mio. sqkm (1/3 of Global land area)EU-27: 2.1 mio.sqkm (47% of land, 50% of species)
Source: FAO
Monitoring biodiversity indicators ?
� Status of biodiversity: Largely unknown� IRENA, SEBI: � Indirect (pressure) indicators� NATURA 2000 reporting on rare species� Common species: Only birds & butterflies monitored
� Monitoring as first step towards innovation
5
� Monitoring as first step towards innovation� State indicators’ monitoring to identify problems� Specific research projects to identify pressures � Innovation to modify current pressures in favour of biodiversity
� Most innovative action: promote and “use” biodiversity functions in agriculture (ecosystem services)
Why farm scale biodiversityindicators?
� Product marketing� Agri-environmental policies� Implementation (objectives)� Evaluation (success)
Which indicators?
Which indicators?How to measure them?
EU FP7 Project BioBio 2009 – 2012
Scientificallysound
Generic at the
European scale
BioBio indicator set
Relevant and useful for
stakeholders
16 institutions from 14 countries
Species indicators: compartment and functions
Herbivores - Pollinators PredatorsDetritivores Primary production
Plants (fields)
Plants (s.n. habitats)
Butterflies
Earthworms Spiders
Ants
Localconditions
All agro-ecosystems
soil epigeous habitats
Carabid beetles
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Butterflies
Birds (S)
Small mammals
Bees & WaspsLandscapeconditions Mainly grassland
All agro-ecosystems and cultivated landscapes
Ph. Jeanneret \ ART \ 13.10.2009Second main compartment
Syrphids
Bats
236 farms in 12+3 case study regions
� Homogenous regions
� 4 major farm types
� 8-20 Farms
10
� 8-20 Farms randomly selected per region
20-80% ofspecieson SNH only
Ave
rage
num
ber o
f spe
cies
per
farm
(%)
GRA Sw itzerland GRA Hungary GRA Norw ay
40
60
80
100GRA Wales
0
20
40
60
80
100ARA Austria ARA France HOR Netherlands GRA Bulgaria
12
only
Ave
rage
num
ber o
f spe
cies
per
farm
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
plants
earth
worms
spide
rsbe
es
DEH Spain
plants
earth
worms
spide
rsbe
es
MIX Germany
plants
earth
worms
spide
rsbe
es
VIN Italy
plants
earth
worms
spide
rsbe
es
OLI Spain0
20
40
Conclusions
�Organic benefits for biodiversity mostly on production fields
�Relative organic benefits are highest in arableregions with (relatively) high N-input
�Organic benefits are «diluted» by semi-natural
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�Organic benefits are «diluted» by semi-naturalhabitats
�If Organic Farming wants to promote biodiversity, guidelines for semi-naturalhabitats should be developed
Schneider et al. in [email protected]
Monitoring ? … so what ?
� Greening of the CAP … how effective is it?� CAP Pillar II / Agri-environmental schemes … do
they stabilise farmland biodiversity?� 2020 Aichi goals of the Biodiversity Convention …
have they been reached?
15
� Individual farms … how does their biodiversityevolve?
� Labelorganisations … biodiversity value for money?
How much it costs … and who pays?
X
European BioBio monitoring zones
NUTS2
© FADNFarm typesArableBeefDairyHorticultureMixedPermanentPigSheep
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X
Environmen-tal regions
© Metzger et al. 2002
• Reporting: Farm type per zone• 0,25% of GAP-expenditure (€125 Mio./y)• 50’000 farms in 5 years (1,7%)• Rolling survey
Research ����
�Test in additional regions (intensive farming)
�Refine sampling
Pilot …
Routine …
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�Refine sampling design (zones …)
�Secure funding� Institution & capacity
building
Thank you for listening!
18
ART – research for agriculture and nature
[email protected] +41 44 377 72 28
