Biodiesl From Micro Algae

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BIODIESEL PRODUCTIONFROM MICROALGAE

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Biodiesel A non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of long-

chain alkyl (methyl, propyl or ethyl) esters.

Made by chemically-reacting lipids and alcohol.

Is distinguished from the straight vegetable oil (SVO) used as

fuels in some converted diesel vehicles.

.

[2]

Grow fast

High oil content

Less land needed

Dont effect food supply

Microalgae

Comparison of biodiesel production

efficiencies from plant oils[1]Methanol

Glycerol

Sun Light

Flow Chart

algae

Bio MassMethyl Ether

CO2O2

Photosynthesis


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algae

algae Target

1. High growth rate

2. High lipid content

3. Broad environmental tolerances

4. High value-add by products

Characterization

Metabolomics and proteomics

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www.lecb.ncifcrf.gov/phosphoDB/2d-description.gif

monitoring of consumption and production of key compounds

isotopic labelling of key metabolite precursors or intermediates manner

?

Strain screening for increased

biodiesel yields

1. Screen a wide range of natural isolates

2. Improve them by metabolic engineering

3. Selection and adaption

Algi-Net Database

US Aquatic Species Program collect 3000 algalstrains for potentials biodiesel production.

Sheehan J, Dunahay T, Benemann J et al (1998) A look back at the U.S. Department ofEnergys Aquatic Species Program-biodiesel from algae. National RenewableEnergy Laboratory

Ref: Second generation biofuels: High-effiency microalgae for biodiesel production , 2008




Selection strategy

algae Target

1. High growth

2. High lipid biosynthesis rates3. Broad environmental tolerances





Selection strategy

algae Target

1. High growth




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High growth rate strain High lipid productivity strain

High Oil content microalgae

Botryococcus braunii(1) n-alkadienes and trienes,

(2) triterpenoid botryococcenes and

methylated squalenes

(3) a tetraterpenoid, lycopadiene

Botryococcus braunii: a rich source for hydrocarbons and related ether lipids. 2004




Selection strategy

algae Target

1. High growth




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Algae for transformation

algae

Transformers

~algae

algae

C.reinhardtii

Dunaliella salina

Microalgae as bioreactors. 2005

mitochondrial genome transformation

Chloroplast

Truncated chlorophyll antenna size of the photosystems

Comparison of cultures ofChlamydomonasreinhardtiiwith parent strain (Stm3) and reduced

antenna size (3LR3) at equal cell densities. aCultures at densities of 6106 cells/mL; bPhotosynthetic quantum yield (PSII); adaptedfrom Mussgnug et al. [122]

Truncated chlorophyll antenna size of the photosystemsa practical method to improve microalgal productivity and hydrogen production in mass c ulture


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Reduced chlorophyll antenna size increase

growth rates

Raceway Pond Bioreactor Open pond reactor

Open system

Baffles: prolong liquid stay time

Advantages:

[2]

low cost

easy controlled

O2 diffuse out easily

Disadvantages:

multiple strain cultivation

CO2 diffuse out easily

low productivity

Tubular Photobioreactor Close system

Advantages:

single strain cultivation

high CO2 concentration

high productivity

Disadvantages:

high cost

[3]

high O2 concentration

[1]

Methods of extracting oil from cells1. Expeller/press

2. Solvent oil extraction

3. Expeller/press and solvent oil extraction

4. Supercritical fluid extraction

5. Thermochemical liquefaction


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Transesterification Reaction

[2]

Transesterification Catalysts

Homogeneous: hard to separate, cant reuse

Base: low free fatty acid content

low water content

Acid: high methanol/oil ratio

Heterogeneous: easy to separate

Enzyme : expensive

Select a suitable solid catalystCrude palm kernel oil transesterification by solid catalysts[4]

Crude coconut oil transesterification by solid catalysts[4]

Conclusions Biodisel produced from microalgae is a potential biofuel.

The cost can be reduced by enhancing organism properties

High CO2 affinity

Photo damage resistance

High O2 concentration tolerance

High lipid content

The bioreactor design and methods of extracting oil from cells

are well known and high efficiency now.

Choose a suitable heterogeneous catalyst can get high oil yield

in the process.


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Reference

[1] Peer M. Schenk, Skye R. Thomas-Hall, Evan Stephens, Ute C.

Marx, Jan H. Mussgnug, Clemens Posten, Olaf Kruse, Ben

Hankamer (2008) Second Generation Biofuels: High-Efficiency

Microalgae for Biodiesel Production. Bioenerg. Res. 1:20-43

[2] Yusuf Chisti (2007) Biodiesel from Microalgae. Biotechmology

-

[3] Yusuf Chisti (2008) Biodiesel from Microalgae Beats Bioethanol.

Trends in Biotechnology26:126-131

[4] Jaturong Jitputti, Boonyarach Kitiyanan, Pramoch Rangsunvigit,

Kunchana Bunyakiat, Lalita Attanatho, Peesamai

Jenvanitpanjakul (2006) Chemical Engineering Journal 116:

6166

Bio Mass

Sun Light

Methanol

Photosynthesis

For Free

Glycerol

BenefitCost

Bio Reactor2

3

5 6

Can Be Modified 1. CO2 harvest strain2. Photo Damage resist

3. Bio Reactor Design (2 Types)

4. O2 damage proof

5. Lipid rich strain selection

6. Oil prefer strain

algae

CO2 Nutrient

O2

Oil Production

Animal Feed

Methyl Ether

Anaerobic Digest

Methane

FeedBackEx: Electro Power

1

4

7 Another way to maintain this system

Fatty acid biosynthesis in microorganisms being used for Single Cell Oil production. 2004

Lipids and lipid metabolism in eukaryotic algae 2006

Algae models for transformation

Microalgae as bioreactors. 2005

Dunaliella salina

Another Choice

Halo-tolerant

Documents

Biodiesl From Micro Algae