Biodegradablity of Textile Materials97-2003

7/31/2019 Biodegradablity of Textile Materials97-2003

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Bio-degradability of textilematerials.

BY

SANKET P. VALIA


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Introduction

Types of bio-degradable Polymers

Mechanism of degradation

Requirement of polymer as bio degradable

CHITOSAN

BIO DEGRADABLE PET

BAMBOO

PLA

Advantages & Need for bio degradability

Conclusion

Conten

ts


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Introduction

Conversion of complex molecules into simpler ones by action of micro-organism is

known as biodegradation.

Hetero atom-containing polymer backbones confer biodegradability.

A polymer based on the C-C backbone tends to be non-biodegradable.

The most biodegradable fibres tend to be hydrophilic, and made up of short,

flexible chains with low levels of crystallisation.

Biodegradability can be engineered into polymers by addition of chemical

linkages such as anhydride, ester, or amide bonds, among others. Eg:- Bionelle


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Life cycle of a biodegradable

polymer.


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HYDROLYZABLE UNIT

NAME STRUCTURE POLYMERS

Peptide

-N-C-

|| ||

O O

Collagen , fibrin , albumin , gelatin .

Hemiactel -O- Starch , chitin .

Ester

-C-O-

||

O

Poly-2-hydroxybutyrate(PHB),

Poly(malic acid).

Phosphate

O

||

-P-O-

||

O

RNA , DNA .

NATURALOCCURINGBIO-DEGRADABLEPOLYMERS

Biodegradable polymers with hydrolysable chemical bonds are being researched

extensively for biomedical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and packaging applications.


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HYDROLYZABLE UNIT

NAME STRUCTURE POLYMERS

Ester

-C-O-

||

Polylactides , polylactones ,

Aliphatic polyester.

Anhydride

-C-O-C-

|| ||

O O

Polyanhydride .

Carbonate

-O-C-O-

||

O

Polycarbonate .

Orthoester

-O O-

C

-O O-

Poly-orthoester

Carbon-

Carbon

CN|

-CH2 -C

|

COOR

Poly-1-cyanoacrylates

Nitrogen-

Phosphrous

|

-N=P-

|

Polyphosphazene

SYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER


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Mechanisim of Bio-degradation

Biodegradation of fibres occurs when their

constituent polymers are depolymerised.

Usually by the action of enzymes secreted by

microorganisms.

Mechanism for degradation is by hydrolysis orenzymatic cleavage resulting in a scission of the

polymer backbone.


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Mechanism of degradation

Microorganisms can eat and, sometimes, digest polymers, and also initiate a

mechanical, chemical, or enzymatic aging.


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Requirements of a polymer as a Biodegradable material

PROPERITIES DESCRIPITION DEGREE OF

IMPORTANCE

No toxicity Non pyrogenicity, non

allergic non carcinogen

Essential

Sterilizability Radiation, ethylene

oxide gas, dry heating

autoclave

Essential

Sufficient mechanicalproperties

Strength ,elasticitydurability

Essential

Biocompatibility Bioinert , bioactive Desirable


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Chitosan

Chitin is the second most abundant natural

polymer in the world after cellulose.

It is biocompatible, antibacterial and

environmentally friendly and bio degradable.

The main source for chitin is from edible craband hermit crab, cockroaches, spiders etc.


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Manufacturing of chitosan

Chitosan is produced commercially by

deacetylation of chitin , which is the structural

element in the exoskeleton of crustaceans

(crabs, shrimp, etc.).


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Properties

Tenacity-1.29gm/den

Elongation-8.2-10.4%

Chitosan is positively charged

Soluble in acidic to neutral solution

Chitosan a bioadhesive which readily binds to negativelycharged surfaces such as mucosal membranes.

Chitosan has great transport properties of polar drugs.


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Application of chitosan.

Water treatment (filtration)

Chromatography

Novel fibers for textiles

Agro-textile(plant growth enhancers)

Biomedical (clotting blood, bandages etc.)

Microcapsule implants for controlled release in drug


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Biodegradable PET

Bionelle is a thermoplastic aliphatic

crystalline polyester.

It was mfc. By Watanabe& Fujimaki.

Produced through the chemical reaction of

glycols with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.

Demand for biodegradable polyesters is

said to be growing by about 30%/yr.

S dli b b d


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Cling films made of

biodegradableCo polyesters

Biodegradable films

utilize for lawn & gardenba s.

Seedling bags basedon biodegradablepolyesters

Biodegradable polymersenhance the propertiesof fresh fruits.

Application in foodpacking industry.


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Bamboo fiber

Is a regenerated cellulosic fiber, which isproduced from raw material of bamboopulp.

The fastest growing plant on this planet.

It grows almost one third faster thanother trees(from 1feet 100feet).

It does not require the use of pesticides.

Ready to harvest within 4-5 years


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Manufacturing of Bamboo fiber

Bamboo

Thick Pulp

Fine Pulp

Bamboo Fiber

Bamboo Yarn

Bamboo fabric


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Properties of bamboo fiber

Dry tensile strength- 2.33(CN/dtex)

Wet tensile strength- 1.37(CN/dtex)

Dry elongation at break- 23.8%

Oil content- 0.17(%)

Moisture regain-13.03(%)

Rate- grade A


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GENERAL PROPERTIES OF

BAMBOO FIBER

Bio-degradable.

Natural anti-bacterial.

Soft & silky. Breathable & cool to wear.

More antistatic.

Natural deodorising property.

Good brightness as compaired to viscose.

Comfortable feel & special luster.


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Applications

Medical textiles(bandage ,mask, surgical

clothes, nurses wear)

Sanitary material (sanitary towel, gauze mask,

absorbent pads, food packing).

Apparels (men, women and kids wear)
http://xh-textile.en.alibaba.com/product/50172760/50293651/Microfiber_Home_Textile_Products/Microfiber_Wallfe_Bathrobe.htmlhttp://xh-textile.en.alibaba.com/product/50168297/50974807/Seamless_Garments_made_with_DuPont_Sorona/Seamless_Garments_Made_with_DuPont_Sorona.html


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PLA fiber

(PLA) is a linear aliphatic thermoplastic

polyester derived from 100% renewable

sources such as corn.

PLA fiber is derived from annually renewable

Crops.

It is 100% compostable and its life cycle

potentially reduces the Earths carbon dioxide

level.


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Production of PLA

Polymer is formed either by (1) direct condensation of lactic acid or (2)

via the cyclic intermediate dimer (lactide), through a ring opening

process.


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Properties

Specific gravity-1.25gm/cc

Melting Temperature-130-175C

Tenacity- 6gm/d

Elastic recovery(5%strain)- 93%

Moisture regain - 0.4-0.6%

LOI 26%

UV resistance- excellent

Refractive index-1.35-1.45


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Applications

Apparels

Home wear(pillows, duvets, blankets, mattress pads, carpettiles, office panel fabrics)

Nonwovens(carpet backing, hygiene, compostablegeotextiles for soil erosion control)

Industrial/household wipes(Feminine hygiene, facialcleansing, hemorrhoid treatment, Functional treatments -antimicrobial, cleaners)

Filtration and separation

Medical applications(bone support splints, artificial humanorgans)

Application in agriculture


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Application in agriculture

woven, meshes whichresist insect penetration

Mulch mat

TapenetsBio Net Bags


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BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION OF

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS.

Artificial Heart Valves


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Advantages

They are mfc. from renewable or recycled resources.

Produces little or no waste throughout its life cycle.

Long-lasting, durable and require little or no care.

Uses minimal energy and resources from growth to

Manufacture.

The are reusable, rec clable or biode radable.

N d f bi d d bl t til


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Need for bio degradable textile

materials. Disposal is a problem.

Reduces greenhouse gas emissions.(Global

warming)

Consumer demand for environmentally sensitive

Textiles.

Demand in the international marketplace.


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Thank you for yourkind attention.

Documents

Biodegradablity of Textile Materials97-2003