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Biochemistry
• Question–Give an example of a monosaccharide
(C6H1206).
• Answer–Glucose
Biochemistry
• Question–What are two sugars joined together
called?
• Answer–Disaccharide
Biochemistry
• Question–What are three jobs of proteins ?
• Answer–Enzymes, markers, transport, fight
disease (antibodies)
Biochemistry
• Question–What are three jobs of lipids ?
• Answer–Insulation, protection, waterproofing
Biochemistry
• Question–What are the building blocks of
protein?
• Answer–Amino acids
Biochemistry
• Question–What chemical is used to test for
starch (turns from rusty red to blue/black)?
• Answer– iodine
Biochemistry
• Question–What molecule is pictured below?
• Answer–Glucose
Cell Membrane
• Question–What is the cell membrane mostly
composed of?
• Answer–phospholipids
Cell Membrane
• Question–What makes up the tails of the
phospholipid?
• Answer–Fatty acids
Cell Membrane
• Question–What type of transport moves
molecules from low to high concentration using energy?
• Answer–Active transport
Cell Membrane
• Question–Why does starch not diffuse through
dialysis tubing?
• Answer–It is too BIG to fit through the holes.
Cell Membrane
• Question–What happens if you put a plant cell
into saltwater?
• Answer–Plasmolysis
Cell Membrane
• Question–What term means the diffusion of
water?
• Answer–osmosis
Cell Membrane
• Question– If you put iodine on the inside of a dialysis
bag and starch and water outside of the bag, what will happen?
• Answer– Iodine will diffuse out of the bag and turn
the starch blue/black, but starch will not diffuse into the bag because it is too big!
Microbiology
• Question–Do plant cells or animal cells have cell
walls?
• Answer–Plant cells
Microbiology
• Question–How are bacteria helpful?
• Answer–Help digest our food, fix nitrogen for
plants, decomposers, make food, gene factories
Microbiology
• Question–What are antibiotics and what do they
kill?
• Answer–Medicines that kill bacteria.
Microbiology
• Question–What medicines are given to build
immunity to a pathogen?
• Answer–vaccinations
Microbiology
• Question•What are two major differences between
prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
• Answer–Prokaryotes have no nuclei and no
membrane-bound organelles and eukaryotes do.
Microbiology
• Question–Put these in order from smallest to
largest: bacteria, animal cells, viruses
• Answer–Viruses, bacteria, and then animal cells
Microbiology
• Question–What two molecules make up viruses?
• Answer–Protein and nucleic acids (RNA/DNA)
Microbiology
• Question–What do viruses, prokaryotes, and
eukaryotes all have in common?
• Answer–They all have nucleic acids (RNA
and/or DNA).
Microbiology
• Question–How do viruses infect cells?
• Answer–They inject their nucleic acids (RNA
and/or DNA) into cells.
Carbon Cycle
• Question–Which food molecule is used as the
main source of energy in your body?
• Answer–glucose
Carbon Cycle
• Question–What are the inputs of aerobic
respiration?
• Answer–Glucose and oxygen
Carbon Cycle
• Question–What are the outputs of aerobic
respiration?
• Answer–Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (energy)
Carbon Cycle
• Question–What are the inputs of photosynthesis?
• Answer–Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
Carbon Cycle
• Question–What are the outputs of
photosynthesis?
• Answer–Glucose and oxygen
Carbon Cycle
• Question–What are the two major differences
between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
• Answer–Aerobic uses oxygen to makes lots of ATP
and anaerobic does not use oxygen and make only a little ATP.
Carbon Cycle
• Question–What organisms can do photosynthesis?
• Answer–Plants, algae, some bacteria
Carbon Cycle
• Question–How do animals release carbon into the
carbon cycle?
• Answer–Consumption, decomposition, and
respiration
Carbon Cycle
• Question–What is the Greenhouse Effect?
• Answer–Carbon dioxide traps sunlight (heat) in
Earth’s atmosphere.
Carbon Cycle
• Question–As carbon dioxide levels have increased
what has also increased?
• Answer–Global temperatures
Carbon Cycle
• Question–What are some ways to reduce your
carbon footprint?
• Answer–Turn off appliances, drive less, turn
down heat, use energy efficient light bulbs, hang wash outside etc
Carbon Cycle
• Question–What are some effects of global
warming?
• Answer–Melting of polar ice, oceans becoming
more acidic, severe weather patterns, and rising sea levels
DNA Structure and Replication
• Question–What molecules make up DNA?
• Answer–Sugar, phosphate, and 4 bases (A, T, C,
and G)
DNA Structure and Replication
• Question–What is the shape of DNA?
• Answer–Double helix
DNA Structure and Replication
• Question–What enzyme breaks apart DNA and
copies it?
• Answer–DNA polymerase
DNA Structure and Replication
• Question–What are three bases in a row called?
• Answer–codon
DNA Transcription and Translation
• Question–What is made from DNA during
transcription?
• Answer–mRNA
DNA Transcription and Translation
• Question–Where does transcription occur within a
cell?
• Answer–Nucleus (where the DNA is located)
DNA Transcription and Translation
• Question–What molecule brings amino acids to
the ribosome?
• Answer–tRNA
DNA Transcription and Translation
• Question–What is a gene and what does it make?
• Answer–A gene is DNA and it makes as protein.
DNA Transcription and Translation
• Question–How is one gene different from another?
• Answer–The sequence (order) of the bases
DNA Transcription and Translation
• Question–What mRNA would be made from:
TAC AAA ATT?
• Answer–AUG UUU UAA
DNA Transcription and Translation
• Question–What protein would be made from
mRNA: AUG UUU UAA ?
• Answer– Met - phe
DNA Transcription and Translation
• Question–What happens to introns?
• Answer–They are pieces of mRNA that get cut
out.
Mitosis and Meiosis
• Question–List the phases of mitosis in order.
• Answer–Interphase , prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase
Mitosis and
Meiosis
• Question–What are these two phases?
• Answer–Prophase (left) and metaphase (right)
Mitosis and Meiosis
• Question–What are these three phases?
• Answer–Anaphase (left), interphase (middle)
and telophase (right)
Mitosis and Meiosis
• Question–How many and what kind of cells are
made in meiosis?
• Answer–Four sex cells
Mitosis and Meiosis
• Question–What happens to the chromosome
number in meiosis?
• Answer–Sex cells end up with half the
chromosomes
Mitosis and Meiosis
• Question–How many chromosomes do normal
humans have?
• Answer–46
Mitosis and Meiosis
• Question–Why do sex cells have half the number
of chromosomes?
• Answer–So that the when they make a baby, the
baby ends up with a full set of chromosomes.
Genetics
• Question– In human eye color, blue eyes are recessive
to brown eyes. A man who is heterozygous for brown eyes marries a woman who is also heterozygous for brown eyes. What are their chances of having a child with blue eyes?
• Answer–1/4
Genetics
• Question• In pea plants, round seeds are dominant to
wrinkled seeds. Yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. If a wrinkled green plant is crossed with a heterozygous round and green plant, what are the possible phenotypes of the offspring?
• Answer–½ round green and ½ wrinkled green
Genetics
• Question– If you have blood type A, what types of blood can
you receive?
• Answer–Type A and type O
Genetics
• Question–Hemophilia is caused by a recessive gene that
is sex-linked. A woman who is a carrier marries a normal male. What are the chances of having a child with hemophilia? Include gender in your answer.
• Answer–All girls normal, but half the boys will have
hemophilia.
Genetics
• Question–What genotypes would these people have if
the shaded color indicates a recessive gene like sickle cell anemia?
• Answer–Person 1: Aa, Person 2: Aa, Person 3: A?,
Person 4: aa, Person 5: A?, and Person 6: Aa
Biotechnology
• Question–Who is the daddy?
• Answer–Daddy 1
KEYLane 1 = marker
Lane 2 = child
Lane 3 = mother
Lane 4 = father 1
Lane 5 = father 2
Biotechnology
• Question–What mutation causes more potential
problems: frameshift or point?
• Answer– Frameshift.
Biotechnology
• Question–How is DNA fingerprinting used today?
• Answer– Identify parents, crime investigation,
diagnosing genetic diseases
Biotechnology
• Question–How is your DNA fingerprint different form a
stranger’s?
• Answer– Your DNA will cut into different sized pieces
than somebody else’s making different lengths of DNA which make different bands on the gel.
Evolution
• Question–What is natural selection?
• Answer–Best adapted individuals survive and are
better able to reproduce
Evolution
• Question–What is an example of a vestigial organ in
people?
• Answer–Wisdom teeth, body hair, appendix
Evolution
• Question–How old is the earth according to fossil
evidence?
• Answer–Approximately 4.6 billion years old
Evolution
• Question–What gas was missing from earth’s early
atmosphere?
• Answer–oxygen
Evolution
• Question–What is genetic drift and when does it
happen?
• Answer–Very rapid changes in gene frequencies due
to small, isolated populations (ex. Islands)
Evolution
• Question– List three characteristics of Australopithecus
afarenis?
• Answer– “Lucy”, approximately 3 feet tall, lived
approximately 3.9 million years ago, upright, bipedal
Evolution
• Question–Why do sharks and dolphins look so similar,
but are not closely related?
• Answer–Convergent evolution
Evolution
• Question–What kind of isolation mechanism separated
two species like birds that do different mating dances?
• Answer–Behavioral isolation
Watersheds And Wetlands
• Question–What is a watershed?
• Answer–An area of land that drains into a particular
body if water
Watersheds And Wetlands
• Question– In what major watershed do we live?
• Answer– Susquehanna
Watersheds And Wetlands
• Question–Which way does water always flow?
• Answer–Downhill
Ecology
• Question–What does a primary (1st) consumer eat?
• Answer–Producers (plants)
Ecology
• Question–What does a secondary (2nd) consumer eat?
• Answer–Primary consumers
Ecology
• Question– In what biome do we live?
• Answer– Temperate forest
Ecology
• Question–What do carnivores, herbivores, and
omnivores each eat?
• Answer–Carnivores eat animals (consumers),
herbivores eat plants (producers), and omnivores eat both
Ecology
• Question–What type of relationship benefits both
organisms?
• Answer–mutualism
Ecology
• Question–What type of relationship benefits one, but
does not harm the other?
• Answer– commensalism
Ecology
• Question–How much energy is transferred from one
trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?
• Answer–10%
Ecology
• Question–What organisms help plants get the nitrogen
that they need?
• Answer–bacteria
Ecology
• Question–What type of succession occurs after a
volcanic eruption? Assume that there is no soil.
• Answer–Primary succession
Population Biology
• Question–What are 3 examples of limiting factors?
• Answer– Food, predation, space, competition, disease
(contagious)
Population Biology
• Question–What are the three outcomes of
competition?
• Answer–extinction, adaptation, and emigration
Population Biology
• Question–How big is the human population?
• Answer–6.7 billion
Population Biology
• Question–Which of the following is a density
independent limiting factor? Food, climate, or parasitism
• Answer– climate