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Biochemistry
Lecture 2
Bioenergetics• “The study of energy transductions in
living cells”• Biological processes obey the laws of
thermodynamics, i.e.:– Energy isn’t created or destroyed– Entropy of the system always increases
CellReactants Products
Thermodynamics
STHG
+6+ 6 6
Free Energy in Bioenergetics
QRTGG ln'0
eqKRTG ln'0
At equilibrium, ΔG = 0 and Q becomes Keq
or
RTGeq eK /'0
Structural differences between products and reactants
Concentration differences between products and reactants
Organic Chemistry, revisited
Nucleophilic Bond Formation
Phosphate and ATP
ATP Hydrolysis
Oxidation and Reduction
Electron Carriers
