BiochemistryBiochemistry

I. WaterI. WaterA. Uneven charge on

molecule makes it polar.1. Good solvent- Breaks up ionic compounds.2. Dissolves other polar molecules.

B. Polarity creates Hydrogen bonds.

C. Hydrogen bonds create cohesion, adhesion, and capillarity

I. WaterI. WaterD. Cohesion accounts for

slow heating and cooling of water.(Important in cells!)

E. Adhesion to solid surfaces creates capillarity.

F. Water is most dense at 4oC= ice floats

IceWater

II. Carbon CompoundsII. Carbon CompoundsA. Inorganic compounds

contain no carbonB. Organic compounds

contain carbon bonded to other elements

C. Carbon is Basis of Life1. Four electrons in outer shell.2. Carbon bonds easily with carbon.3. Carbon bonds easily with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and functional groups

III. PolymersIII. PolymersA. Compounds made of repeating

linked unitsB. Covalent monomers linkC. Condensation reaction

a. Dehydration reactionb. Form a water molecule

D. Hydrolysis: bonds between monomers are broken by adding water (digestion)

IV. Molecules of LifeIV. Molecules of LifeA. Four main compounds

essential for life1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids

B. All contain C, O, and H, but in different ratios

V. CarbohydratesV. CarbohydratesA. Monosaccharides

1. CH2O formula2. Simple single sugars3. Used for cellular respiration

V. CarbohydratesV. Carbohydrates4. Monosaccharride Examples:

a) Glucose1) Made by plants

during photosynthesis2) Main source of

energy for plants and animals3) Metabolized during cellular respiration.

b) Fructose1) Found in fruit. 2)Sweetest sugar.

c) Galactose- Found in milk.

V. CarbohydratesV. CarbohydratesB. Disaccharides

1. covalent bond between

2 monosaccharides2. bond by dehydration

reaction3. Examples:

a) Sucrose 1) table sugar 2) beets and caneb) Lactose- found

in milk

V. CarbohydratesV. CarbohydratesC. Polysaccharides 1. Three or more monosaccarides 2. Storage:

a) Glycogen- The way animals store glucose.

b)Starch- The way plants store glucose. 3. Structural:

a)Cellulose- most abundant organic compound, cell walls of plants

b)Chitin- exoskeletons; cell walls of fungi; surgical thread