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]nmt`rhf ]tuky

Ahronssboi tan p`tnotbhf j`r trhosbtb`oboit` h irnno nm`o`dy [an Mhsn `j

Dnkbmbohf hok Hr`dhtbm Ufhots bo

Onphf

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M`pyrbiat ^obtnk Ohtb`os Novbr`odnot Ur`irhddn& 3583

[abs pucfbmhtb`o dhy cn rnpr`kumnk bo wa`fn `r bo phrt hok bo hoy `rd `r nkumhtb`ohf `r o`o$pr`jt purp`sns wbta`ut spnmbhf pnrdbssb`o r`d tan m`pyrbiat a`fknr& pr`vbknk hmlo`wfnkindnot

` tan s`urmn bs dhkn/ ^ONU w`ufk hpprnmbhtn rnmnbvboi h m`py ` hoy pucfbmhtb`o taht usns tabs

pucfbmhtb`o hs h s`urmn/

O` usn ` tabs pucfbmhtb`o dhy cn dhkn `r rnshfn `r `r hoy `tanr m`ddnrmbhf purp`sn

wahts`nvnr wbta`ut prb`r pnrdbssb`o bo wrbtboi r`d ^ONU/

Mbthtb`o

^ONU& 3583& Irnno Nm`o`dy ]nmt`rhf ]tuky7 Cb`[rhkn Ahronssboi tan p`tnotbhf `r trhosbtb`oboi

t` h irnno nm`o`dy [an Mhsn ` Dnkbmbohf hok Hr`dhtbm Ufhots bo Onphf

Kbsmfhbdnr

[an knsbiohtb`os ndpf`ynk hok tan prnsnothtb`o ` tan dhtnrbhf bo tabs pucfbmhtb`o k` o`t

bdpfy tan nxprnssb`o ` hoy `pbob`o wahts`nvnr `o tan phrt ` tan ^obtnk Ohtb`os Novbr`odnot

Ur`irhddn m`omnroboi tan fnihf sthtus ` hoy m`uotry& tnrrbt`ry& mbty `r hrnh `r ` bts huta`rbtbns&`r m`omnroboi knfbdbthtb`o ` bts r`otbnrs `r c`uokhrbns/ D`rn`vnr& tan vbnws nxprnssnk k`

o`t onmnsshrbfy rnprnsnot tan knmbsb`o `r tan sthtnk p`fbmy ` tan ^obtnk Ohtb`os Novbr`odnot

Ur`irhddn& o`r k`ns mbtboi ` trhkn ohdns `r m`ddnrmbhf pr`mnssns m`ostbtutn nok`rsndnot/

Ua`t` mrnkbts

Jr`ot m`vnr phin7 [bcntho c`wfs hrn usnk bo Cukkabst dnkbthtb`o prhmtbmns/ Iubffnrd` Ihrmbh/

Nssnotbhf `bf wbta vhobffh hok hobsn snnk/ Abtknfbiat/ H w``kno r`pn crbkin hmr`ss h irnno vhffny bo Onphf/

Yhftnr Xubrtdhbr/ Ho `fk w`dho spbooboi w``f bo Lhtadhoku& Onphf/ Lhnthoh/

Chml m`vnr phin7 [an muftbvhtb`o ` spbmns& suma hs outdni& sthr hobsn hok shr`o& bs fhc`ur botnosbvn /

rhyguol/ Zbnw ` Nvnrnst r`d I`ly` Sb/ Khobnf Uruknl/ Ho `fk w`dho spbooboi w``f bo Lhtadhoku&

Onphf/ Lhnthoh/

^ONU

pr`d`tns novbr`odnothffy

s`uok prhmtbmns if`chffy hok bobts `wo hmtbvbtbns/ [abs pucfbmhtb`o bs

prbotnk `o 855. rnmymfnk phpnr& usboi

vninthcfn$chsnk bols hok `tanr nm`$jrbnokfy

prhmtbmns/ @ur kbstrbcutb`o p`fbmy hbds

t` rnkumn ^ONUs mhrc`o j``tprbot/

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8

Fbst ` jiurns 3

Fbst ` thcfns 3

Fbst ` c`xns 3Fbst ` hmr`oyds 3

Hmlo`wfnkindnots =

J`rnw`rk >

Lny dnsshins :

8/ Botr`kumtb`o 1

8/8 Chmlir`uok stuky 1

8/3 M`omnpt ` Cb`[rhkn 1

8/= J`mus& dnta`k`f`iy hok fbdbthtb`os tan stuky 1

3/ M`uotry pr`jfn 853/8 In`irhpabm& knd`irhpabm hok nm`o`dbm pr`fn ` Onphf 85

3/3 Onphfs cb`kbvnrsbty 88

3/= Cb`[rhkn bo Onphf 83

=/ Dnkbmbohf hok Hr`dhtbm Ufhots !DHUs" ` Onphf 8=

=/8 Knobtb`o 8=

=/3 Muftbvhtb`o hok dhouhmturboi 8;

=/= [rhkn hok nxp`rts 8>

=/; Mhsn stuky ` trhkn bo ghthdhosb 89

;/ U`fbmy& fnibsfhtbvn rhdnw`rl hok supp`rtboi bostbtut b`os 82

;/8 Botnroht b`ohf trnhtbns hok i`vnrodnot p`fbmy 82

;/3 Fnibsfhtb`o 82

;/= ]upp`rtboi bostbtutb`os 35

>/ U`tnotbhf ` trhkn bo DHUs 38

>/8 [an bdp`rthomn ` pr`mnssboi bo tan vhfun mahbo 38

>/3 Cb`kbvnrsbty m`osnrvhtb`o 33

>/= M`st$cnont hohfysbs muftbvhtb`o 33

>/; [an Bokbho m`oonmtb`o 33

>/> [rhkn hok trhkbtb`ohf lo`wfnkin prnsnrvhtb`o 3=

:/ Mahffnoins t` knvnf`pboi trhkn bo DHUs 3;

:/8 @vnr$ahrvnstboi 3;

:/3 Bo`rdhtb`o ihps 3>:/= Fhml ` vhfun$hkknk hmtbvbty hok quhfbty m`otr`f dnmahobsds 3>

:/; Dhrlnt mahffnoins 3>

:/> [hrb hok o`o$thrb chrrbnrs 3:

9/ Snm`ddnokhtb`os hok m`omfusb`o 31

9/8 ]usthbohcfn ahrvnst boi hok muftbvhtb`o 31

9/3 [rhkn hok dhrlnt knvnf`pdnot 31

Snnrnomns =5

Hoonxns =8

M`otnots

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3

Fbst `j iurns

Jbiurn 8/ Zhfun mahbo hok paysbmhf j`w ` ghthdhosb

Jbiurn 3/ Zbmb`us mymfn ` murrnot trhkn bo dnkbmbohf pfhots bo Onphf

Fbst `j thcfns

[hcfn 8/ [ypns ` DHUs hok tanbr pr`kumts

[hcfn 3/ Urb`rbty spnmbns `r tan trhkn bo DHUs bo Onphf cy t`p`irhpabm

z`on

[hcfn =/ Zhfun ` dnkbmbohf pfhots& nssnotbhf `bfs hok pfhots !anrcs"

nxp`rtnk r`d Onphf cy smhf ynhr !355=3552 bo OUS 555"

[hcfn ;/ [`thf hd`uot ` DHUs knmfhrnk hok r`yhftbns phbk t`

i`vnrodnot& 35535=355;5> !K`J 355:"

[hcfn >/ Dhribos& prbmns hok nxpnosns !bo OUS" ` dhg`r hmt`rs bo tan

ghthdhosb trhkn

[hcfn :/ I`vnrodnot knphrtdnots& trhkn pr`d`tb`o hinombns hok trhkn

hss`mbhtb`os supp`rtboi trhkn bo DHUs

[hcfn 9/ Nxp`rt p`tnotbhf hok p`tnotbhf s`mb`nm`o`dbm bdphmt ` tan 82

d`st$pr`dbsboi i``ks hok snrvbmns `r nxp`rt r`d Onphf

[hcfn 1/ M`st$cnont hohfysbs ` snvno DHUs `o h pnr anmthrn chsbs

[hcfn 2/ U`tnotbhffy d`st rnduonrhtbvn spnmbns `r prbvhtn snmt`r

bovnst`rs

[hcfn 85/ Hoouhf nxp`rts r`d Onphf hok suppfy ihps bo Bokbh `r

vn dnkbmbohf pfhots

Fbst `j c`xns

C`x 8/ ^OM[HKs snvno prbombpfns ` Cb`[rhkn

C`x 3/ Nm`o`dbm sthtbstbms `r Onphf

C`x =/ M`dduobty J`rnst ^snr Ir`ups

C`x ;/ Cb`[rhkn m`dd`kbtbns& pr`kumts hok snrvbmns bo Onphf

C`x >/ M`otrbcutb`o ` DHUs t` a`usna`fk bom`dns bo uppnr AudfhC`x :/ [an Dhohoi durknrs

C`x 9/ Lny bdp`rt rnqubrndnots ` Ynstnro m`uotrbns

Fbst `j hmr`oyds

HNM$JOMMB Hir` Notnrprbsn Mnotrn Jnknrhtb`o ` Onphfnsn Mahdcnrs `

M`ddnrmn hok Bokustry !I`vnrodnot ` Onphf"

HO]HC Hsbh Ontw`rl `r ]usthbohcfn Hirbmufturn hok Cb`rns`urmns

CK]$DhU] Cusbonss Knvnf`pdnot ]nrvbmns$Dhrlntboi& Ur`kumtb`o hok

]nrvbmns

CB]NU$][ Cb`kbvnrsbty ]nmt`r Ur`irhddn `r tan ]bwhfbls hok [nrhb

MCC[ Mhphmbty Cubfkboi `r Cb`[rhkn

MCK M`ovnotb`o `o Cb`f`ibmhf Kbvnrsbty

MC] Mnotrhf Curnhu ` ]thtbstbms !I`vnrodnot ` Onphf"

MC[J Mhphmbty Cubfkboi [hsl J`rmn

MKDH M`kn Kbvbsb`o Duftbpfn Hmmnss

MJ^I M`dduobty J`rnst ^snr Ir`ups

MB[N] M`ovnotb`o `o Botnrohtb`ohf [rhkn bo Nokhoinrnk ]pnmbns `

Ybfk Jhuoh hok Jf`rh

KKM Kbstrbmt Knvnf`pdnot M`ddbttnn

KJBK Knphrtdnot `r Botnrohtb`ohf Knvnf`pdnot

KJ@ Kbstrbmt J`rnst @mn

KJS] Knphrtdnot ` J`rnst Snsnhrma hok ]urvny

!I`vnrodnot ` Onphf"K`J Knphrtdnot ` J`rnsts

KUS Knphrtdnot ` Ufhot Sns`urmns

JNM@J^O Jnknrhtb`o ` M`dduobty J`rnst ^snrs ` Onphf

JOMMB Jnknrhtb`o ` Onphfnsn Mahdcnrs ` M`ddnrmn hok Bokustry

IHMU I``k Hirbmufturhf hok M`ffnmtb`o Urhmtbmns

IKU Ir`ss K`dnstbm Ur`kumt

IBW Knutsman Insnffsmaht r Botnrohtb`ohfn Wushddnohrcnbt

IDU I``k Dhouhmturboi Urhmtbmn

I`O I`vnrodnot ` Onphf

Ah Anmthrns

AHMMU Ahzhrk Hohfysbs hok Mrbtbmhf M`otr`f U`bot

AOMM Anrcs hok O[JU M``rkbohtb`o M`ddbttnn

BMBD@K Botnrohtb`ohf Mnotrn `r Botnirhtnk D`uothbo Knvnf`pdnot

BKSM Botnrohtb`ohf Knvnf`pdnot Snsnhrma Mnotrn

BDJ Botnrohtb`ohf D`onthry Juok

BOI@ Botnrohtb`ohf O`o$I`vnrodnothf @rihobzhtb`o

BOMF^KN Bomfusbvn Knvnf`pdnot ` tan Nm`o`dy !IBW"

BSI Botnrohtb`ohf Sns`urmn Ir`up

B[M Botnrohtb`ohf [rhkn Mnotrn

B^MO Botnrohtb`ohf ^ob`o `r M`osnrvhtb`o ` Ohturn

GHCHO Ghrbcutb Hss`mbhtb`o ` Onphf

DHUs Dnkbmbohf hok Hr`dhtbm Ufhots

DKIs Dbffnoobud Knvnf`pdnot I`hfs

D`M] Dbobstry ` M`ddnrmn hok ]uppfbns !I`vnrodnot ` Onphf"

D`J]M Dbobstry ` J`rnst hok ]`bf M`osnrvhtb`o !I`vnrodnot ` Onphf"

D[ Dntrbm [`oon

ONAAUH Onphf Anrcs hok Anrchf Ur`kumts Hss`mbhtb`o

OJKBO Ohtb`ohf J`uokhtb`o `r tan Knvnf`pdnot ` Bokbino`us

Ohtb`ohfbtbnsOI@ O`o$I`vnrodnothf @rihobzhtb`o

OUM Ohtb`ohf Ufhooboi M`ddbssb`o !I`vnrodnot ` Onphf"

OUS Onphfb Supnn

O[JUs O`o$[bdcnr J`rnst Ur`kumts

@MO @rihobm Mnrtbmhtb`o Onphf

U]U Urbvhtn ]nmt`r Ur`d`tb`o !IBW"

]HY[NN ]`uta Hsbh Yhtma `o [rhkn& Nm`o`dbms hok Novbr`odnot

]KM ]wbss Hinomy `r Knvnf`pdnot hok M``pnrhtb`o

]OZ Ontanrfhoks Knvnf`pdnot @rihobshtb`o

]U] ]hobthry hok Uayt`shobthry

[NUM Onphf [rhkn hok Nxp`rt Ur`d`tb`o Mnotrn

^L JM@ ^obtnk Lboik`d J`rnbio hok M`dd`ownhfta @mn

^OM[HK ^obtnk Ohtb`os M`onrnomn `o [rhkn hok Knvnf`pdnot

^OKU ^obtnk Ohtb`os Knvnf`pdnot Ur`irhddn^ONU ^obtnk Ohtb`os Novbr`odnot Ur`irhddn

^]K ^obtnk ]thtns K`ffhr

^]HBK ^obtnk ]thtns Hinomy `r Botnrohtb`ohf Knvnf`pdnot

YC Y`rfk Chol

YA@ Y`rfk Anhfta @rihobzhtb`o

Y[@ Y`rfk [rhkn @rihobzhtb`o

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Hmlo`wfnkindnots

[abs rnp`rt whs prnphrnk cy tan Botnrohtb`ohf Mnotrn `r Botnirhtnk D`uothbo Knvnf`pdnot !BMBD@K"/

Dbmahnf L`ffdhbr hok Hou G`sab ]arnstah snrvnk hs ]tuky Fnhknrs `o cnahf ` BMBD@K/

Hshk Ohqvb !^ONU" pr`vbknk strhtnibm iubkhomn `r tan prnphrhtb`o ` tabs rnp`rt hok dhohink tan

Mhphmbty Cubfkboi `r Cb`trhkn !MCC[" pr`gnmt uoknr tan `vnrhff iubkhomn ` ]tnvno ]t`on/ K`rbs

Iotanr ` tan Knutsman Insnffsmaht r Botnrohtb`ohfn Wushddnohrcnbt !IBW" pr`vbknk sucsthotbvn

boput hok iubkhomn t` vhrb`us hspnmts ` tan MCC[ pr`gnmt& uoknr wabma tabs rnp`rt ahs cnno

prnphrnk/

Irhtbtukn bs nxtnoknk t` tan Dbobstry ` M`ddnrmn hok ]uppfbns& I`vnrodnot ` Onphf& `r bts

fnhknrsabp ` tan pr`gnmt/ [an iubkhomn hok supp`rt pr`vbknk cy tan Dbobstry ` Novbr`odnot&

]mbnomn hok [nmao`f`iy& tan Ohtb`ohf Ufhooboi M`ddbssb`o ` Onphf& tan Dbobstry ` J`rnstry hok

]`bf M`osnrvhtb`o& hok tan Unrdhonot Dbssb`o ` Onphf bo Inonvh bs hfs` abiafy hpprnmbhtnk/

^ONU w`ufk fbln t` tahol tan Jnknrhtb`o ` Onphfnsn Mahdcnrs ` M`ddnrmn hok Bokustry !JOMMB"&

tan [rhkn hok Nxp`rt Ur`d`tb`o Mnotrn ![NUM"& tan Hsbh Ontw`rl `r ]usthbohcfn Hirbmufturn hokCb`rns`urmns !HO]HC"& tan ]`uta Hsbh Yhtma `o [rhkn& Nm`o`dbms hok Novbr`odnot !]HY[NN"&

Abdhfhyho Cb`[rhkn& ]`futb`os M`osufthot hok `tanr `rihobzhtb`os taht pr`vbknk bknhs& boputs hok

supp`rt `r tabs pr`gnmt/ @o cnahf ` BMBD@K& ^ONU w`ufk fbln t` tahol Uusph ]ahrdh r`d ]HY[NN

`r anfpboi t` ihtanr khth< Labfnokrh Iuruoi r`d Abdhfhyho Cb`[rhkn `r abs boputs `o `pp`rtuobtbns

hok mahffnoins bo tan DHUs snmt`r bo Onphf< hff nxpnrts ` BMBD@K `r vbthf boputs< hok ]tnpano

Lnnfboi `r abs vhfuhcfn nkbtboi supp`rt/

[ahols hrn kun t` IBW hok t` bts m`uotry `jmnrs hok sth/ H spnmbhf hpprnmbhtb`o i`ns `ut t` Uabfbp

Lrusmanf hok abs tnhd ht IBWs Bomfusbvn Knvnf`pdnot ` tan Nm`o`dy !BOMF^KN" pr`irhddn `r tanbr

supp`rt hok w`rtay m`otrbcutb`o/

^ONU w`ufk fbln t` hmlo`wfnkin hok hpprnmbhtn tan dhoy `rihobzhtb`os hok bokbvbkuhfs r`d Onphf&

wa` phrtbmbphtnk bo tan m`osufthtb`os hok pr`vbknk vhfuhcfn tbdn hok nnkchml/

Ht tan ^ONU ]nmrnthrbht& Hoobn Ahhlnosthk& Mhr`fboh Mhnbr`& Urhtyhomah Uhrknsab& Kbwhth Auozblnr&

S`ohf Ihbozh$Mhrdnohtns& Hzzhd Laho hok ]bd`o F`chma pr`vbknk rnsnhrma hssbsthomn/ Xurrhtuf$

Hbo Ahbknr nkbtnk hok pr``rnhk tan tnxt/ Fn Mhkrhtbo prnphrnk tan fhy`ut chsnk `o tan knsbio cy

[a`dhs Ibhobohzzb/ Jhtdh Uhokny& Shabfh ]`drh hok Ksbrn Fn`o pr`vbknk hkdbobstrhtbvn supp`rt

`r tan pr`gnmt/ Shn Knot bs tan hkdbobstrht`r ` tan MC[J wncsbtn !www/uonp$uomthk/`rimct"/

^ONU w`ufk hfs` fbln t` hmlo`wfnkin tan supp`rt `nrnk cy tan Botnrohtb`ohf [rhkn Mnotrn !B[M"< tan

snmrnthrbhts ` tan M`ovnotb`o `o Cb`[rhkn Kbvnrsbty !MCK"< tan M`ovnotb`o `o Botnrohtb`ohf [rhkn

bo Nokhoinrnk ]pnmbns ` Ybfk Jhuoh hok Jf`rh !MB[N]"< hok [an Nm`o`dbms ` Nm`systnds hok

Cb`kbvnrsbty ![NNC" `r tan MCC[/

^ONU bs irhtnuf `r tan uokboi supp`rt cy tan Inrdho Jnknrhf Dbobstry `r Nm`o`dbm M``pnrhtb`o

hok Knvnf`pdnot tar`uia IBW& wbta`ut wabma tan pr`gnmt w`ufk o`t ahvn cnno p`ssbcfn/

O`twbtasthokboi tan vhfuhcfn m`otrbcutb`os ` ta`sn hmlo`wfnkink anrn& tan rnsp`osbcbfbty `r tan

m`otnot ` tabs rnp`rt rnsts uffy wbta tan huta`rs/

=

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;

H w``kno r`pn cr bkin hmr`ss h irnno vhffny bo Onphf/ Yhftnr Xubrtdhbr]auttnrst`ml/m`d

;

http://www.unep-unctad.org/cbtf

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>>

J`rnw`rkOnphf bs h rbma m`uotry bo ]`uta Hsbh bo tnrds ` ohturhf rns`urmns/ Onphf bs hfs` rnihrknk hs h

rbma m`uotry bo tnrds ` cb`kbvnrsbty& wabma& b knvnf`pnk pr`pnrfy& m`ufk cn h dhg`r s`urmn `

bom`dn hok ndpf`ydnot `r tan fhrin oudcnr ` pn`pfn fbvboi bo rurhf hrnhs/ [an ir`wboi if`chf

kndhok `r ohturhf hok novbr`odnothffy rbnokfy pr`kumts& t`khy& spnhls ` tan vhst p`tnotbhf `

Cb`[rhkn t` m`otrbcutn t` tan strnoitanoboi ` tan m`uotry)s nm`o`dy hok rurhf fbvnfba``ks/ Ibvno

tabs chmlir`uok& tabs k`mudnot rnp`rts tan jokbois ` h stuky `o tan p`tnotbhf ` Cb`[rhkn t`

hmbfbthtn Onphf)s trhosbtb`o t` h irnno nm`o`dy& bo wabma i`hfs ` s`mbhf nqubty hok novbr`odnothf

m`osnrvhtb`o hrn hmabnvnk g`botfy wbta nm`o`dbm pr`spnrbty/

[an ir`wta bo pr`kumtb`o hok trhkn ` cb`pr`kumts ahs irnht p`tnotbhf t` rnkumn p`vnrty& nspnmbhffy

hd`oi w`dno hok kbshkvhothink/ Bo hkkbtb`o& tan pruknot usn ` cb`kbvnrsbty pr`kumts sucsthotbhffy

anfps prnsnrvn `ur rhibfn novbr`odnot hok supp`rts tan rninonrhtb`o ` knpfntboi st`mls ` wbfk

spnmbns/

Hihbost tabs chmlkr`p& m`osbknrboi Onphf)s vhst p`tnotbhf bo cb`kbvnrsbty& tan stuky ahs prb`rbtbsnk

Dnkbmbohf hok Hr`dhtbm Ufhots !DHUs" hs lny cb`kbvnrsbty$chsnk pr`kumts `r bo$knpta hohfysbs/[abs rnp`rt mhthf`iuns tan dhoy `pp`rtuobtbns hs wnff hs mahffnoins prnvhfnot bo tan Cb`[rhkn

snmt`r& wabma m`ufk cn nquhffy botnrnstboi hok bosbiatuf `r hff/ Nvno tan mahffnoins hss`mbhtnk

wbta tabs snmt`r m`ufk cn summnssuffy trhos`rdnk bot` `pp`rtuobtbns& b hkkrnssnk wbta i``k

p`fbmy hok pr`irhddn botnrvnotb`o/ Bo `rknr t` rnhfbsn tan fhrin p`tnotbhf ` tabs snmt`r& tanrn

bs ho hmutn onnk t` mhrry `ut bovnot`rbns ` hvhbfhcfn rns`urmns& hok t` botr`kumn hppr`prbhtn

tnmao`f`ibns `r trhos`rdboi Onphfb rhw dhtnrbhfs bot` vhfun$hkknk pr`kumts/ D`rn`vnr& tanrn

bs h onnk t` nsthcfbsa wnff$nqubppnk fhc`rht`rbns t` tnst pfhots hok pr`kumts bo `rknr t` dnnt

]U] rnqubrndnots hok ahvn nhsy hmmnss t` abiafy fumrhtbvn botnrohtb`ohf dhrlnts/ [anrn bs hfs` h

onnk `r hk`ptboi hok bdpfndnotboi hppr`prbhtn p`fbmbns $ taht hmbfbthtn hknquhtn bomnotbvns `r

notrnprnonurs $ t` pr`d`tn hok nom`urhin `rdhf trhkn bo DHUs/ Bo tabs m`otnxt& mrnhtboi hwhrnonss

hd`oi sthlna`fknrs ht tan irhssr``ts& snttboi up dhrlnts hok pr`mnssboi mnotrns& cubfkboi hok

strnoitanoboi tan mhphmbty ` i`vnrodnot& o`o$i`vnrodnot hok prbvhtn snmt`r bostbtutb`os& hok

noahomboi m``rkbohtb`o hd`oi tand& hrn nxtrndnfy anfpuf bo supp`rtboi hok pr`d`tboi hff stnps `

tan vhfun mahbo bo DHUs/

B hmlo`wfnkin tan w`rl ` ^ONU& BMBD@K& tanbr m`ffhc`rht`rs hok tan huta`rs `r uoknrthlboi tabs

bdp`rthot stuky hok `r crboiboi `ut suma h usnuf rnp`rt/ B urin hff p`fbmy dhlnrs& knvnf`pdnot

hinombns& notrnprnonurs hok sthlna`fknrs m`omnronk t` usn tabs rnp`rt wabfn knsbioboi hok

bdpfndnotboi p`fbmy hok pr`irhddns t` knvnf`p tan DHUs snmt`r ` Onphf bo h susthbohcfn hok

cnonjmbhf dhoonr/

Fhf Dhob G`sab

]nmrnthry

Dbobstry ` M`ddnrmn hok ]uppfbns

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:

[an nm`o`dy ` Onphf ahs cnno

m`osbstnotfy ir`wboi vnr

tan phst nw ynhrs/

[an m`uotry ahs dhkn sbiobjmhot pr`irnss

bo rnkumboi p`vnrty hok bdpr`vboi `tanr

s`mbhf bokbmht`rs/ A`wnvnr& nm`o`dbm

ir`wta ahs o`t cnno hs abia hs taht `

onbiac`urboi m`uotrbns hok p`vnrty bsstbff wbknsprnhk hd`oist kbshkvhothink

ir`ups& nspnmbhffy bo tan rnd`tn rnib`os/

Fbdbtnk ndpf`ydnot `pp`rtuobtbns bo

tan rurhf hrnhs& hok uoknrknvnf`pnk

hirbmufturn hok Cb`[rhkn snmt`rs m`dpnf

y`uoi pn`pfn r`d rurhf hrnhs t` fnhvn

tanbr vbffhins bo snhrma ` nm`o`dbm

`pp`rtuobtbns/ [abs o`t `ofy mhusns

hkkbtb`ohf prnssurn `o fhc`ur dhrlnts

hok s`mbhf borhstrumturn bo tan mbtbns cut

fnhvns w`dno& `fk dno hok mabfkrno t`

dhohin fhc`ur$botnosbvn hirbmufturn hok t`

thln mhrn ` tan cb`kbvnrsbty hok nm`systnds/

Cb`[rhkn `nrs dhoy `pp`rtuobtbns

t` Onphf h abify cb`kbvnrsn m`uotry/

H wbkn hrrhy ` kbnrnot Dnkbmbohf

hok Hr`dhtbm Ufhots !DHUs" hrn `uok

bo Onphf& nspnmbhffy bo rurhf hrnhs bo tan

Jhr$Ynstnro hok Dbk$Ynstnro rnib`os& tan

hrnhs wanrn tan abianst p`vnrty rhtns ahvn cnnornm`rknk/ [an nxp`rt ` abia$vhfun DHUs `nrs irnht

p`tnotbhf `r rnkumboi p`vnrty hok pr`vbkboi fbvnfba``ks

bo tansn rnd`tn hrnhs& wabfst m`otrbcutboi t` cb`kbvnrsbty

m`osnrvhtb`o hok ir`wta ` nxp`rts/ H phmlhin ` p`fbmy

rn`rds hok bovnstdnots r`d tan pucfbm hok prbvhtn

snmt`r m`ufk anfp hkvhomn tan knvnf`pdnot ` h Cb`[rhkn

snmt`r bo fbon wbta tan bknhfs ` h irnno nm`o`dy/

Lny dnsshins

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9

H wnff$dhohink trhkn bo DHUs bo

Onphf mho `vnrm`dn tan fhml `

ndpf`ydnot pp`rtuobtbns bo tan

rurhf hok rnd`tn hrnhs& m`otrbcutn

t` tan knvnf`pdnot ` tan m`uotrys

nxp`rt snmt`r& hok mrnhtn bomnotbvns `r

cb`kbvnrsbty m`osnrvhtb`o bo tan m`uotry/

Murrnotfy& tan ahrvnstboi abia$vhfun DHUs bs fhrinfy

uorniufhtnk& wabma fnhks t` prhmtbmns taht knpfntn tabs cb`f`ibmhf

rns`urmn& knirhkn nm`systnds hok tan novbr`odnot bo inonrhf&

hok rbsl bdp`vnrbsadnot ` m`dduobtbns bo tan f`oi ruo/

Kun t` h fhml ` bo`rdhtb`o `o dhrlnt kndhok hok prbmns&

m`ffnmt`rs ` DHUs bo Onphf rnmnbvn duma fnss taho tanbr

hbr sahrn ` tan vhfun ` tanbr pr`kumts/ Jurtanrd`rn&

tan fhml ` p`fbmy supp`rt hok bovnstdnot bo bdpr`vboi

tan quhfbty ` Onphfb Cb`[rhkn pr`kumts dhlns tand

fnss m`dpntbtbvn bo botnrohtb`ohf dhrlnts/ Abianr

bdp`rt kutbns fnvbnk cy Bokbh `o pr`mnssnk Cb`[rhknpr`kumts hfs` kbsm`urhins vhfun$hkkbtb`o bo Onphf/

Bo `rknr t` `vnrm`dn tansn mahffnoins& tabs

phpnr dhlns h oudcnr ` rnm`ddnokhtb`os7

!b" ]usthbohcfn ahrvnstboi mho cn pr`d`tnktar`uia rhbsboi hwhrnonss& tan mhrryboi

`ut ` rniufhr bovnot`rbns ` DHUs rns`urmns

hok m`okumtboi ` rnsnhrma fnhkboi t` tan

bknotbjmhtb`o ` vhrbntbns subthcfn `r muftbvhtb`o/

!bb" H `rud m`ufk cn mrnhtnk t` fbol rnsnhrma& rniufht`ry

hok knvnf`pdnot hinombns hok cusbonssns t` sahrn

bo`rdhtb`o hs wnff hs bknotby tan dhbo mahffnoins t` tan

ir`wta ` tan Cb`[rhkn snmt`r hok strhtnibns t` `vnrm`dn tand/

!bbb" [an hk`ptb`o ` botnrohtb`ohf sthokhrks cy prbvhtn

notnrprbsns& hok mhphmbty cubfkboi t` nohcfn pr`kumnrs t`

dnnt shobthry& payt`shobthry !]U]" hok `tanr rnqubrndnots

` bdp`rtboi m`uotrbns hrn rnm`ddnoknk/

!bv" Bdpr`vboi hmmnss t` mrnkbt hok tnmao`f`iy mho pfhy ho

bdp`rthot r`fn bo dnntboi quhfbty rnqubrndnots/

!v" [an knvnf`pdnot ` trhosphrnot hok hbr

dhrlntboi mahoonfs bs hfs` bdp`rthot/

!vb" S`yhftbns phbk t` m`ffnmt`rs sa`ufk m`rrnsp`ok t` dhrlnt prbmns/

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1

8/8 Chmlir`uok stuky

Bo 3585& tan Mhphmbty Cubfkboi `r Cb`[rhkn !MCC[" bobtbhtbvn

` tan ^obtnk Ohtb`os Novbr`odnot Ur`irhddn !^ONU"

m`ddbssb`onk stukbns o tan p`tnotbhf Cb`[rhkn bo

tarnn knvnf`pboi m`uotrbns7 Onphf& Ohdbcbh hok Unru/

[an Onphf stuky ahs cnno mhrrbnk `ut cy tan Botnrohtb`ohf

Mnotrn `r Botnirhtnk D`uothbo Knvnf`pdnot !BMBD@K" wbta

tan supp`rt ` ^ONU/ [an stuky sa`ws a`w tan susthbohcfn

knvnf`pdnot ` `on typn ` Cb`[rhkn trhkn bo Dnkbmbohf

hok Hr`dhtbm Ufhots !DHUs" mho m`otrbcutn t`whrks h

irnno nm`o`dy vbsb`o/ H irnno nm`o`dy bs knonk hs

`on wabma rnsufts bo susthbohcfn nm`o`dbm ir`wta hok

bomrnhsnk s`mbhf nqubty wabfst bdpr`vboi novbr`odnothf

m`osnrvhtb`o hok rnkumboi nm`f`ibmhf smhrmbtbns/

Hf`oisbkn tabs stuky& tan MCC[& tar`uia tan Inrdho

Knvnf`pdnot M``pnrhtb`o !IBW"& supp`rtnk tan

Dbobstry ` M`ddnrmn hok ]uppfbns !D`M]" hok `tanr

sthlna`fknrs t` cubfk tan mhphmbty ` trhknrs hok

notrnprnonurs bov`fvnk bo tan Cb`[rhkn snmt`r/

8/3 M`omnpt ` Cb`[rhkn

[an m`omnpt ` Cb`[rhkn whs botr`kumnk cy tan ]nmrnthrbht

` tan ^obtnk Ohtb`os M`onrnomn `o [rhkn hok Knvnf`pdnot

!^OM[HK" bo 822:/ Cb`[rhkn bs knonk cy ^OM[HK hs7

Hmtbvbtbns ` m`ffnmtb o& pr`kumtb`o& trhos`rdhtb`o

hok m`ddnrmbhfbzhtb`o ` i``ks hok snrvbmnsknrbvnk r`d ohtbvn cb`kbvnrsbty uoknr tan mrbtnrbh `

novbr`odnothf& s`mbhf hok nm`o`dbm susthbohcbfbty/

[an snvno prbombpfns Cb`[rhkn !C`x 8" rhoin r`d

m`osnrvboi cb`kbvnrsbty& t` mfhrbty hc`ut fhok tnourn& usn

hok hmmnss t` ohturhf rns`urmns hok lo`wfnkin/

Cb`[rhkn m`dd`kbtbns bomfukn ohturhffy `mmurrboi pfhot

hok hobdhf spnmbns bo rhw& pr`mnssnk hok dhouhmturnk

`rds< hok snrvbmns taht dhln usn ` cb`kbvnrsbty/ [an fhttnr

bomfukns nm`t`urbsd/ Ufhots taht m`dn uoknr Cb`[rhkn mho cn

m`ffnmtnk r`d tan wbfk `r muftbvhtnk/ [anrn bs ho bomrnhsboikndhok bo f`mhf hok botnrohtb`ohf dhrlnts `r Cb`[rhkn

m`dd`kbtbns& pr`kumts hok snrvbmns& nspnmbhffy kun t` tan

curin`oboi kndhok `r `rihobm hok ohturhf pr`kumts/

8/= J`mus& dnta`k`f`iyhok fbdbthtb`os ` tan stuky

Bo ]nptndcnr 3585& h w`rlsa`p whs anfk `r Cb`[rhkn

sthlna`fknrs r`d i`vnrodnot hok o`o$i`vnrodnot

`rihobzhtb`os hok tan prbvhtn snmt`r t` kbsmuss

tan `cgnmtbvns hok `mus ` tabs stuky hok t` s`fbmbt

m``pnrhtb`o/ [an stuky whs tano mhrrbnk `ut cy m`ffnmtboi

bo`rdhtb`o r`d snm`okhry s`urmns !c``ls& rnp`rts&

pnrb`kbmhfs hok rnsnhrma pucfbmhtb`os"< m`osufthtb`os

hok botnrhmtb`os wbta nxpnrts< hok r`d botnrvbnwboi

rnprnsnothtbvns ` sthlna`fknr `rihobzhtb`os/ [an dhbo

fbdbthtb`o hmnk bo uoknrthlboi tabs stuky whs okboi

m`dprnanosbvn up$t`$khtn khth hc`ut DHUs rns`urmn

bo Onphf< hok trhkn ` DHUs hok tanbr pr`kumts/

[anrn bs h wbkn rhoin ` Cb`[rhkn pr`kumts hok snrvbmns

bo Onphf !C`x ;"/ A`wnvnr& tabs stuky spnmbmhffy `musns

`o trhkn bo DHUs hok pr`kumts/ [anrn`rn& tanrn hrn

fbdbthtb`os `o tan m`omfusb`os taht mho cn krhwo `r tan

Cb`[rhkn snmt`r bo Onphf hs h wa`fn/ O`ontanfnss& hs

h abia$prb`rbty snmt`r `r tan Onphfb I`vnrodnot& trhkn

bo DHUs bs rnprnsnothtbvn ` tan p`tnotbhf taht Cb`[rhkn

a`fks `r bdpfndnotboi h irnno nm`o`dy vbsb`o/

C`x 8/ ^OM[HKs snvno prbombpfns`j Cb`[rhkn

8/ M`osnrvhtb`o ` cb`kbvnrsbty

3/ ]usthbohcfn usn ` cb`kbvnrsbty

=/ Jhbr hok nqubthcfn sahrboi ` cnonts knrbvnk r`d tan usn

` cb`kbvnrsbty

;/ ]`mb`nm`o`dbm susthbohcbfbty

>/ M`dpfbhomn wbta ohtb`ohf hok botnrohtb`ohf rniufhtb`os

:/ Snspnmt `r tan rbiats ` hmt`rs bov`fvnk bo Cb`[rhkn

hmtbvbtbns

9/ Mfhrbty hc`ut fhok tnourn& usn hok hmmnss t` ohturhf

rns`urmns hok lo`wfnkin

]`urmn7 Lrusmanf !3585"

[`whrks h irnno nm`o`dy Botr`kumtb`o

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Urbd`rkbhf Abdhfhyho snh shft hok r`sndhry/ Bshdn]auttnrst`ml/m`d

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85

3/ M`uotry pr`fn

3/8 In`irhpabm& knd`irhpabmhok nm`o`dbm pr`jfn ` Onphf

Onphf bs h fhokf`mlnk m`uotry& c`rknrboi wbta Maboh t` tan

o`rta hok Bokbh t` tan wnst& s`uta hok nhst/ Onphf ahs tarnndhbo t`p`irhpabm z`ons taht ruo hmr`ss tan crnhkta ` tan

m`uotry7 tan s`utanro [nrhb pfhbos !jholnk t` tan o`rta cy tan

]bwhfbl Abffs"& tan Dbk$abffs hok tan Abdhfhyho d`uothbos !wbta

trhos$Abdhfhyho hrnhs t` tan o`rta"/ [an m`uotry ahs ho hrnh

` 8;9&818 ld3& nbiaty$sbx pnr mnot ` wabma bs abffs hok abia

d`uothbos/ [an rndhboboi 8; pnr mnot bs jht fhok cnf`oiboi

t` tan s`utanro [nrhb pfhbos/ H Guon 3588 mnosus rnm`rknk h

p`pufhtb`o ` 3:/: dbffb`o hok ho hvnrhin hoouhf p`pufhtb`o

ir`wta rhtn ` 8/; pnr mnot bo 35583588 !MC] 3588h"/

Hmm`rkboi t` tan mnosus& Onphf rndhbos h prnk`dbohotfy rurhf

s`mbnty wbta 1= pnr mnot ` tan p`pufhtb`o fbvboi bo rurhf hrnhs

h knmrnhsn r`d 1: pnr mnot bo 3558/

M`osbknrhcfn pr`irnss ahs cnno dhkn bo rnkumboi tan oudcnr

` pn`pfn fbvboi cnf`w tan p`vnrty fbon& r`d ;3 pnr mnot bo

822>2: t` 3>/3 pnr mnot bo 358588 !MC] 3588c"/ [abs ahs

m`dn hc`ut fhrinfy kun t` irnhtfy bomrnhsnk rndbtthomns&

hf`oisbkn sucsthotbhf bdpr`vndnots bo lny knvnf`pdnot

bokbmht`rs/ @o tan `tanr ahok& tanrn ahs cnno h f`w fnvnf `

ir`wta bo tan m`uotrys dhouhmturboi bokustrbns hok trhkn/

Onphfs nm`o`dbm ir`wta ahs cnno f`wnr taho taht ` d`st

Hsbho m`uotrbns/

Onphf ahs dhkn i``k pr`irnss bo bdpr`vboi fnvnfs ` audho

knvnf`pdnot/ Bdpr`vndnots bo fbn nxpnmthomy& hkuft fbtnrhmy&inoknr nqubty hok rnkumtb`o bo bohot hok dhtnrohf d`rthfbty

ahvn m`dn hc`ut bo spbtn ` tan knmhkn$f`oi i`vnrodnot

Dh`bst m`ojbmt !822:355:"/

A`wnvnr& d`rn taho sbx dbffb`o pn`pfn& d`stfy r`d

Onphfs kbshkvhothink mhstn& ntaobm hok rnfbib`us ir`ups&

hs wnff hs r`d m`dduobtbns fbvboi bo rnd`tn hrnhs&

m`otboun t` fbvn bo p`vnrty/ D`st rnfnvhot t` tabs stuky bs

tan pnrsbstnomn ` abia fnvnfs ` p`vnrty bo tan rnd`tn

Dbk$abffs hok d`uothbo`us hrnhs bo tan wnst wanrn d`st

abia vhfun DHUs hrn `uok hok m`ffnmtnk/ U`vnrty bs

d`st pr`o`uomnk bo tan abffs hok d`uothbos ` tan Jhr$Ynstnro hok Dbk$Ynstnro Knvnf`pdnot Snib`os/

Onphfs nxp`rts rndhbo cnf`w ^]K 8 cbffb`o hok ahvn

knmfbonk bo rnmnot ynhrs r`d 8= pnr mnot t` 9 pnr mnot `

IKU !Y`rfk Chol Khthchsn"/ [abs bs prbdhrbfy kun t` tan

knmfbon bo tan nxp`rt ` rnhkydhkn ihrdnots& mhrpnts hok

phsadboh Onphfs `rdnr lny nxp`rts/ Onphfs fhokf`mlnk

p`sbtb`o& bts fhml ` bokbino`us s`urmns ` `ssbf unfs hok

rhw dhtnrbhfs onnknk t` dhouhmturn i``ks& m`upfnk

wbta tan fbdbtnk trhosp`rt$fbols t` tan o`rta& dhln Onphfs

nm`o`dy vnry mf`snfy tbnk t` Bokbh/ Onphf ahs ho `pno c`rknr

wbta Bokbh/ ]ucsthotbhf sduiifboi bs rnp`rtnk t` thln pfhmn

hmr`ss tan c`rknr/

Hirbmufturn bs tan m`ronr st`on ` Onphfs nm`o`dy& ndpf`yboihc`ut tarnn quhrtnrs ` tan ohtb`ohf fhc`ur `rmn hok

hmm`uotboi `r hc`ut ;5 pnr mnot ` tan IKU/ A`wnvnr& Onphfs

hirbmufturhf snmt`r stbff usns `utkhtnk tnmao`f`iy hok sunrs

r`d h fhml ` pr`kumtbvn mhphmbty/

[an nm`o`dbm ir`wta taht ahs thlno pfhmn bo Onphf& wbta tan

m`osnqunot rnkumtb`o bo p`vnrty& ahs d`stfy cnno kun t` tan

fhrin bomrnhsns bo rndbtthomns r`d Onphfbs w`rlboi hcr`hk/

@mbhf rndbtthomns r`sn r`d hc`ut 8=/1 pnr mnot ` IKU bo

smhf ynhr 3559 t` 33 pnr mnot ` IKU bo 3552/ [an hmtuhf

m`otrbcutb`o t` IKU bs m`osbknrhcfy abianr& hs tansn iurns

k` o`t bomfukn tan fhrin boj`ws r`d Bokbh tar`uia bo`rdhfmahoonfs !Y`rfk Chol& 3585"/

C`x 3/ Nm`o`dbm sthtbstbms

j`r Onphf

IKU7 ^]K 8>/8 cbffb`o !3588 BDJ"

IKU pnr anhk7 ^]K >=: !3588 BDJ"

IKU hoouhf ir`wta7 =. nstbdhtn 3585 !BDJ"

Bojhtb`o7 85/>. nstbdhtn 3588 !BDJ"

Dhg`r bokustrbns7 [`urbsd< mhrpnts& tnxtbfns hok ahokbmrhts `rnst typns

Zbnw ` Nvnrnst r`d I`ly` Sb/ Khobnf Uruknl]auttnrst`ml/m`d

C`x =/ M`dduobty J`rnst ^snr Ir`ups

Hfta`uia tan Onphfnsn i`vnrodnot a`fks `wonrsabp rbiats `r hff `rnst fhoks& hr`uok 8>&555 M`dduobty J`rnst ^snr Ir`ups

!MJ^Is" hok `tanr m`dduobty$chsnk `rnst dhohindnot ir`ups nxbst bo tan m`uotry/ [ansn ir`ups& wabma mho m`dprbsn dndcnrs

` hff s`mbhf strhth hok wabma `pnrhtn bo hff lboks ` nm`systnds& a`fk `rnst usn rbiats uoknr m`otrhmts wbta Kbstrbmt J`rnst

@mns/ [ansn `rnst usn rbiats nom`dphss tan m`dduobtys rbiats t` nxtrhmt `rnst pr`kumts suma hs unf w``k& `kknr hok

tbdcnr& wabfn ho `pnrhtb`ohf pfho krhwo up cntwnno tan Kbstrbmt J`rnst @mn hok tan MJ^I hkkrnssns bssuns ` susthbohcbfbty

hok `rnst dhohindnot/ Jurtanrd`rn& tan MJ^Is hrn rniufhtnk wbta rnihrk t` tan dbobdud prbmns tany hrn hff`wnk t` mahrin t`

`utsbknrs& hok tan dbobdud hd`uot ` tanbr bom`dn spnot `o `rnst dhohindnot hok m`dduobty knvnf`pdnot hmtbvbtbns/ Yabfn

tan `rnsts kbrnmtfy hkdbobstnrnk cy tan Knphrtdnot ` J`rnsts qubmlfy kntnrb`rhtn& MJ^Is ahvn ndnrink hs h vbhcfn hftnrohtbvn t`

m`uotnr kn`rnsthtb`o hok t` bdpr`vn `rnst m`okbtb`os& wabfst snrvboi hs h t``f `r fbvnfba``k bdpr`vndnot hok p`vnrty hffnvbhtb`o

!JNM@J^O wncsbtn< ]boia * Mahphihbo& 355:"/

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hok 881 nm`systnds hrn a`dn t` `vnr 3 pnr mnot ` tan

w`rfks j`wnrboi pfhots& 2 pnr mnot ` tan w`rfks cbrk

spnmbns& ; pnr mnot ` tan w`rfks dhddhfbho spnmbns& hok

ho nstbdhtnk 9&555 spnmbns ` abianr vhfun pfhots dhlboi

Onphf tan twnoty$ta d`st spnmbns$rbma m`uotry bo tan

w`rfk !Caugu nt hf/ 3559< D`J]M 3552"/

Onphfs nm`systnds pr`vbkn h a`st ` i``ks hok snrvbmns

mrbtbmhf t` f`mhf fbvnfba``ks hok tan ohtb`ohf nm`o`dy/

[an dhg`rbty ` rurhf Onphfb a`usna`fks dhln h fbvboi

r`d hrdboi hok ihtanrboi rnw``k& `kknr& tbdcnr hok

`tanr pr`kumts r`d onhrcy `rnsts/ Dhoy Onphfbs hrn stbff

noihink bo sucsbstnomn hrdboi& hfta`uia tabs bs bomrnhsboify

suppfndnotnk cy rndbtthomns hok `tanr s`urmns ` bom`dn

suma hs i`vnrodnot g`cs/

[an m`okbtb`o ` Onphfs `rnsts bs mrbtbmhf t` tan

m`osnrvhtb`o ` tan m`uotrys cb`kbvnrsbty/ J`rnsts

m`vnrnk ho nstbdhtnk =2/: pnr mnot ` tan m`uotry wano

tan fhst knthbfnk survny whs mhrrbnk `ut bo 822; !KJS]

8222"/ ]bomn tano tanrn ahs cnno c`ta m`osbknrhcfn

`rnst knirhkhtb`o hok mfnhrhomn bo tan [nrhb< hok

bdpr`vndnots bo tan Dbk$abffs `rnsts kun t` tan summnss

` tan m`dduobty `rnstry pr`irhddn !C`x ="/ Knobtbvn

up$t`$khtn ohtb`owbkn khth bs fhmlboi `o `rnst m`vnr

hok m`okbtb`o& hok hfs` `o tan sthtus ` tan m`uotrys

cb`kbvnrsbty& wabma nxpfhbos way tan fhtnst DKIs

pr`irnss rnp`rt k`ns o`t ibvn h sthtus bokbmht`r `r

DKI 9 C3 ` rnkumboi cb`kbvnrsbty f`ss !OUM 3585"/

3/= Cb`[rhkn bo Onphf

H wbkn rhoin ` Cb`[rhkn m`dd`kbtbns& pr`kumts hok snrvbmnshrn `uok bo Onphf !C`x ;"& dhoy ` wabma hrn O`o$[bdcnr

J`rnst Ur`kumts !O[JUs"/

C`x ;/ Cb`[rhkn m`dd`kbtbns&

pr`kumts hok snrvbmns bo Onphf

Dnkbmbohf hok hr`dhtbm pfhots

Nssnotbhf `bfs hok nxtrhmts r`d dnkbmbohf& hr`dhtbm hok

`tanr pfhots

Ohturhf boirnkbnots `r m`sdntbms hok pahrdhmnutbmhf

pr`kumts

]pbmns hok jhv`urs

Kyns hok thos

Ohturhf pnstbmbkns hok `tanr ohturhf pr`kumts usnk `o

mr`ps

Ufhot crns !suma hs hff`"

Ohtbvn rubts !suma hs cnf& snh cumlta`ro hok hbosnfu" `r

gubmn& wbon hok ghd

Chdc`` pr`kumts

Iuds hok rnsbos

Ybfk dusar``ds hok anhfta ``ks

Ahokbmrhts r`d fnhvns& w``k hok stbmls

Ahokdhkn phpnr !r`d f`lth"

Jhts hok `bfs !r`d maurb"

Jhrdnk wbfkfbn !suma hs dusl knnr" Nm`t`urbsd

[abs stuky& a`wnvnr& `musns `o trhkn bo DHUs taht ahvn

dhkn h sbiobmhot m`otrbcutb`o t` tan nm`o`dy hok f`mhf

fbvnfba``ks ` Onphf/ DHUs hok tanbr dhouhmturnk pr`kumts

ahvn tan p`tnotbhf t` dhln h duma fhrinr m`otrbcutb`o t`

novbr`odnothffy susthbohcfn irnno nm`o`dbm knvnf`pdnot/

DHUs hrn `tno rnnrrnk t` hs dnkbmbohf anrcs& nvno

ta`uia dhoy ` tand hrn o`t anrcs hs pnr tan knobtb`os

bo c`thoy !snnk$cnhrboi pfhots wa`sn hnrbhf phrts k` o`t

pnrsbst hc`vn ir`uok" hok bomfukn pnrnoobhfs hok `tanrlboks ` pfhots/ Nssnotbhf `bf wbta vhobffh hok hobsn snnk/ Abtknfbiat

7/28/2019 Bio Trade Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Nepal

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8=

=/ Dnkbmbohf hok Hr`dhtbmUfhots !DHUs" `j Onphf

=/8 Knjobtb`o

[abs stuky thlns h wbkn knobtb`o ` DHUs bom`rp`rhtboi

hff tan spnmbns `o tan rbiat$ahok sbkn ` [hcfn 8/ [abs cr`hk

knobtb`o bs usnk anrn hs dhoy ` tan `tanr mhtni`rbns bo

[hcfn 8 bomfukn pfhots usnk `r tanrhpnutbm purp`sns/ [ansnpfhots hok tanbr pr`kumts m`osbst ` rhw pfhot pr`kumts&

pr`kumts htnr vhfun$hkknk pr`mnssboi& hok obsank pr`kumts

suma hs dnkbmbons hok pnrs`ohf mhrn i``ks/

[anrn hrn hc`ut 955 spnmbns ` dnkbmbohf pfhots bo Onphf&

hc`ut 3>5 ` wabma hrn nokndbm t` tan m`uotry !D`J]M

3552"/ [an dhbo trhknk spnmbns hrn sa`wo bo [hcfn 3 !snn

Hoonx 3 `r smbnotbm ohdns ` pfhots"/

Bt bs `ofy bo rnmnot tbdns taht Ynstnro hff`phtabm dnkbmbon

ahs cnm`dn hvhbfhcfn t` tan pn`pfn bo Onphfs rurhf hrnhs/ Bo

822;& bt whs nstbdhtnk taht 15 pnr mnot ` rurhf Onphf rnfbnk

`o trhkbtb`ohf rndnkbns& bomfukboi pfhot$chsnk rndnkbns& `r

trnhtboi hbfdnots !Shgcahokhrb hok Chgrhmahryh 822;"/

Hfta`uia tan rnfbhomn `o ohturhf pfhot rndnkbns ahsknmrnhsnk& tansn rndnkbns hrn stbff nxtnosbvnfy usnk

cnmhusn ` tan wbknsprnhk cnfbn bo tanbr nmhmy hok tan

m`otbouboi fbdbtnk hvhbfhcbfbty hff`phtabm dnkbmbons bo

dhoy rurhf d`uothbo`us rnib`os/ [an hr`dhtbm pr`pnrtbns

` tansn pfhots hrn usnk `r dhlboi bomnosn hok `r

tanrhpnutbm nnmts/ H fhrin phrt ` trhkn bo Onphfb DHUs

i`ns t`whrks hyurvnkbm dnkbmbon pr`kumtb`o bo Bokbh

hok Onphf/

[hcfn 8/ [ypns ` DHUs hok tanbr pr`kumts

Ur`kumt Nxhdpfns ` pfhot spnmbns usnk

H/ Shw pfhot pr`kumts

Dnkbmbohf hok hr`dhtbm Lutlb& mabrhbt`& fhuta shffh& yhrmahiudch& phomahuofn&

phlahovnk& ahrr`& chrr`& hdhfh& onnd& sbfhgbt/

]pbmns hok jhv`urs Mboohd`o& tbdur& hdhfh& guobpnr& fhrin mhrkhd`d

Ybfk dusar``ds hok anhfta ``ks D`rnfs& lurbf`

Kyns hok thos Uhkhdmahf& mautr`& dhgbta`& fhuta shffh& choga& taboirn

shff`& `lahr

C/ Ur`kumts htnr vhfun$hkknk pr`mnssboi

Nssnotbhf `bfs hok nxtrhmts Ghthdhosb& suihokahwhf& tbtnphtb& suophtb& guobpnr&

wbotnrirnno& suihokahl`lbfh& hcbns& kn`khr& fhuta shffh

M/ Jbobsank pr`kumts

Hyurvnkbm prnphrhtb`os !dnkbmbons& t`obm& outrbnot

suppfndnots"

Lutlb& mabrhbt`& fhuta shffh& yhrmahiudch& phomahuofn&

phlahovnk& ahrr`& chrr`& hdhfh& onnd& sbfhgbt

[rhkbtb`ohf dnkbmbons Lutlb& mabrhbt`& fhuta shffh& yhrmahiudch& phomahuofn&

phlahovnk& ahrr`& chrr`& hdhfh& onnd& sbfhgbt

Bomnosn Ghthdhosb& guobpnr& suophtb& dhauwh

Anrchf tnhs [aydn& iurg`& ihokahbo`& tufsb& dbot& mboohd`o

Unrs`ohf mhrn pr`kumts !s`hps& sahdp``& mrnhds" Uhoihr& maburb& rbtah& hdhfh& sblhlhb& ohru

]`urmn7 ]ucnkb 355:

7/28/2019 Bio Trade Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Nepal

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8;

=/3 Muftbvhtb`o hok dhouhmturboi

D`st ` Onphfs abia vhfun DHUs& bomfukboi ta`sn bo tan rbiat

ahok m`fudo ` [hcfn 3& ir`w bo tan `rnsts hok irhssfhoks `

tan d`uothbos bo tan o`rtanro phrt ` tan m`uotry/ [an f`wnr

vhfun DHUs hrn pr`kumnk cnf`w 3&555 d ` hftbtukn/ Bo rnmnot

ynhrs& tan dhrlnt prbmn ` d`st ` tansn pfhots& nspnmbhffy `

abia vhfun pfhots& ahs bomrnhsnk sbiobmhotfy& fnhkboi t` vnr$

ahrvnstboi ` tan rns`urmn/

IBW !3588" rnp`rts taht 1> pnr mnot ` Onphfs DHUs hrn

m`ffnmtnk r`d tan Jhr$Ynstnro hok Dbk$Ynst Knvnf`pdnot

Snib`os tan tw` rnib`os wbta tan abianst fnvnfs ` p`vnrty/

[an prnsnot trhkn mahoonfs k` o`t pr`vbkn h hbr sahrn `pr`ts t` m`ffnmt`rs& bo spbtn ` tan ir`wboi trhkn bo DHUs/

D`st pfhots hrn ihtanrnk r`d tan wbfk& hfta`uia bomrnhsboi

quhotbtbns hrn muftbvhtnk/ Ufhots ihtanrnk bo Onphf hrn usnk

nbtanr `r k`dnstbm m`osudptb`o `r `r shfn hok dhouhmturn

bot` nok pr`kumts bo Onphf& Bokbh hok tabrk m`uotrbns/

Bokbvbkuhf hrdnrs& prbvhtn m`dphobns hok usnr ir`ups

muftbvhtn h ir`wboi oudcnr ` kbnrnot DHUs bo bomrnhsboi

hd`uots/ Bt bs d`stfy dnkbud$vhfun spnmbns suma hs tbdur&

mabrhbth& lurbf`& hok lutlb taht hrn ir`wo/ H oudcnr ` tan

m`dphobns !Hoonx =" muftbvhtn tansn pfhots `r tanbr `wo usn

hf`oisbkn cuyboi suppfbns m`ffnmtnk r`d tan wbfk/ J`rnst usnrir`ups mhrry `ut norbmadnot pfhotboi bo tanbr `rnsts/

A`wnvnr& ofy fbdbtnk pr`irnss ahs cnno dhkn bo muftbvhtboi

DHUs/ [an nw spnmbns pr`d`tnk cy tan i`vnrodnot hok

muftbvhtnk cy m`dduobty `rnst usnr ir`ups !MJ^Is" hok

hrdnrs bomfukn mhrkhd`d hok ]wnrtbh mabrhth& dhbofy bo tan

mnotrhf [nrhb/ [abs bs kun bo phrt t` tan n`rts ` tan Cb`kbvnrsbty

]nmt`r Ur`irhddn `r tan ]bwhfbls hok [nrhb rnib`os !CB]NU$

][ $ 3558$355:"& supp`rtnk cy ]OZ& h o`o$pr`jt `rihobzhtb`o

anhkquhrtnrnk bo [an Ahiun& tan Ontanrfhoks/ Bo 3559&

uoknr tabs pr`irhddn& jvn spnmbns dnkbmbohf pfhots wnrn

muftbvhtnk hmr`ss :92 anmthrns !ah" ybnfkboi hr`uok :;: dntrbm

t`oons pnr ynhr !CB]NU$][& 3559"/ Hfta`uia tanrn hrn h nw

`tanr knvnf`pdnot rihobzhtb`os w`rlboi wbta tan i`vnrodnot

hok supp`rtboi muftbvhtb`o ` DHUs bo Dbk$abffs hok [nrhb& vnry

fbttfn khth ahs cnno pucfbsank/

Hc`ut 85 pnr mnot ` hff DHUs ihtanrnk hok ahrvnstnk bo

Onphf hrn usnk t` pr`kumn nssnotbhf `bfs& dnkbmbohf hok `tanr

pr`kumts bo hmt`rbns hok sdhff ahokbmrht uobts bo Onphf/

]`dn dhouhmturn `o h sdhff smhfn `r f`mhf dhrlnts& wabfn

`tanrs w`rl `o h fhrinr smhfn `r ohtb`ohf hok botnrohtb`ohf

dhrlnts/ D`rn taho 35 k`dnstbm dhouhmturnrs hrn rnibstnrnk

wbta tan Onphf Anrcs hok Anrchf Ur`kumts Hss`mbhtb`o

!ONAAUH"/ H 355; stuky bknotbnk 8> dhg`r m`dphobns

!Hoonx =" bov`fvnk bo tan pr`mnssboi ` 35> O[JUs !pfhot hok

`tanr `rds" `r dhlboi hyurvnkbm prnphrhtb`os hok nssnotbhf

`bfs/ [ansn cusbonssns usnk 8&5=8 t`oons r`d hd`oi

81: spnmbns hok nxtrhmtnk hc`ut =2 t`oons ` nssnotbhf `bfr`d 82 spnmbns !Ybor`ml Botnrohtb`ohf nt hf/ 355;"/

[hcfn 3/ Urb`rbty spnmbns `r trhkn bo DHUs bo Onphf cy t`p`irhpabm z`on

[nrhb

Cnf`w 8&555 dhsf

Dbk$abffs

8&555 t` =&555 dhsf

D`uothbos !Abdhf"

Hc`vn =&555 dhsf

Hdhfh [bdur ]uihokahwhf

Mahd`dbfn [ngpht Uhkhdmahf

Ubphfh Mabrhbt` Ghthdhosb

Dnotah Sbtah Cbsghrh

Cnf Fhuta shffh Iumaabmayhu

Fnd`o irhss Uhlahocnk Htbs

]uihokah l`lbfh Kahsboihrn Lutlb

Onnd Cayhlur Rhrmahiudch

Lurbf` Dhgbta` Uhomahufn

C`ga` @lahr Fhiauphtrh

]hyhphtrb Gayhu

]hrphihokah

Iurg`

O`tn7 dhsf 4 dntrns hc`vn snh fnvnf/ ]`urmn7 HNMJOMMB 355 :

7/28/2019 Bio Trade Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Nepal

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8>

=/3/8 S`fn ` `rnst usnr ir`ups

bo muftbvhtb`oM`dduobty `rnst& fnhsna`fk `rnst hok cunr z`on usnr

ir`ups m`ffnmt& dhohin hok muftbvhtn DHUs/

M`dduobty `rnst usnr ir`ups !MJ^Is" Onphf ahs

d`rn taho 8:&555 m`dduobty `rnst usnr ir`ups taht&

sbomn tan 8215s& ahvn cnno ibvno tan rbiats t` dhohin

hok usn tanbr f`mhf hrnhs ` ohtb`ohf `rnst/ [ansn ir`ups

dhohin hc`ut 3> pnr mnot !8/3 dbffb`o ah" ` tan m`uotrys

`rnst hrnh/ M`dduobty `rnstry ahs cnno phrtbmufhrfy

summnssuf bo Onphfs Dbk$abffs& wanrn usnr ir`ups dhohin

tanbr `rnsts `r m`osnrvboi cb`kbvnrsbty& bdpr`vboi `rnst

m`okbtb`o hok `r pr`vbkboi sucsbstnomn onnks hok g`cs&bom`dns hok m`dduobty knvnf`pdnot/ [any hrn notbtfnk

t` dhohin hok ahrvnst O[JUs/ [ansn ir`ups hrn hfs`

bov`fvnk bo muftbvhtboi hok rnpfhotboi hrnhs wbta DHUs/

Cunr z`on usnr ir`ups Cunr z`on usnr ir`ups

dhohin hrnhs ` `rnsts hr`uok Onphfs ohtb`ohf phrls

hok `tanr pr`tnmtnk hrnhs/ [any pfhot hok muftbvhtn lutlb&

lurbf` hok `tanr DHUs bo tanbr `rnsts/

Fnhsna`fk `rnstry usnr ir`ups Hs ` 3552& Onphfs

fnhsna`fk `rnstry pr`irhddn ahk fnhsnk `ut 31&555

ah ohtb`ohf `rnst t` =&;89 usnr ir`ups wbta 89&3;;

dndcnr a`usna`fks !Hkablhrb 3552"/ Fnhsnk snmtb`os `

tan `rnsts hrn usnk cy tan p``r `r purp`sns ` bom`dninonrhtb`o& bomfukboi muftbvhtboi hok m`ffnmtboi DHUs/

[an f`mhf pr`mnssboi ` m`ffnmtnk pfhots bs usuhffy uoknrthlno

cy suc$ir`ups ` m`ffnmt`rs& `rnst usnr ir`ups hok f`mhf

trhknrs/ [any usn sbdpfn tnmao`f`ibns t` rnkumn tan wnbiat&

v`fudn& hok m`st ` ahokfboi hok trhosp`rtboi pfhots/ [any

kry tan pfhots& s`rt hok irhkn tand hok& bo h nw mhsns& kbstbf

pfhots t` nxtrhmt nssnotbhf `bfs/

=/= [rhkn hok nxp`rts

[anrn hrn vhryboi iurns `o tan hd`uot hok vhfun ` DHUs

!rhw hok sndb$pr`mnssnk pr`kumts" nxp`rtnk r`d Onphf/

[an khth ibvno bo tabs snmtb`o `ofy hmm`uots `r pfhots hok

pr`kumts phssboi tar`uia `rdhf mahoonfs/ Bo hkkbtb`o&

sucsthotbhf hd`uots hrn shbk t` cn bffnihffy m`ffnmtnk hoksduiifnk hmr`ss tan c`rknr bot` Bokbh/

[an hd`uot ` DHUs nxp`rtnk tar`uia fnihf mahoonfs r`d

Onphf bomrnhsnk r`d hr`uok =&;55 t`oons bo 821225 t`

hc`ut 88&>55 t`oons bo 822=; !Lhrlb nt hf/& 355="/ [an

Knphrtdnot ` J`rnsts !355:" nstbdhtnk taht bo tan smhf

ynhr 355>5:& hppr`xbdhtnfy ==&555 t`oons ` DHUs wnrn

nxp`rtnk r`d Onphf/

Bo 3551& tan rnm`rknk vhfun ` tan nxp`rtnk DHUs whs

hr`uok ^]K = dbffb`o& wabma bomrnhsnk bo 3552& t`

^]K 2/1 dbffb`o !I`O [rhkn hok Nxp`rt Ur`d`tb`o Mnotrn&IBW& 3588"/

Anrchf tnh7 pr`mnssboi ` m`ffnmtnk pfhots& suma hs dbot& tufsb hok iurg`& bs uoknrthlno f`mhffy cy suc$ir`ups ` m`ffnmt`rs& `rnst usnr

ir`ups hok f`mhf trhknrs/ Guolnr

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8:

[hcfn =/ Zhfun ` dnkbmbohf pfhots& nssnotbhf `bfs hok pfhots !anrcs" nxp`rtnk r`d Onphf cy smhf ynhr

355=3552 bo OUS 555

355=5; 355;5> 355>5: 355:59 355951 355152

Dnkbmbohf pfhots !t`

`vnrsnhs& nxmfukboi Bokbh"

8=&;91 3=&591 38&8;9 ;9&5:: 13&>12 9>1&=59

Nssnotbhf `bfs !t` `vnrsnhs&

nxmfukboi Bokbh"

33&2=> 8>&2=> 8=&9;> 35&3;= =;&5:3 >;&231

Anrcs !t` Bokbh" 28&>55 8=3&;55 8==&>55 85>&:55 8;9&;55 oh

[`thf 839&28= 898&;8= 8:1&=23 893&252 3:;&5>8 18=&3=>

]`urmn7 [rhkn hok Nxp`rt Ur`d`tb`o Mnotrn 3585

[hcfn ;/ [`thf hd`uot DHUs knmfhrnk hok r`yhftbns phbk t` i`vnrodnot& 35535=355;5> !K`J 355:"

Jbsmhf ynhr M`ffnmtnk quhotbty

!dntrbm t`oons"

S`yhftbns m`ffnmtnk

!dbffb`o OUS"

35535= ;&1:1 =5&=9

355=5; 3&1>9 8>&22

355;5> 3&21> 8=&>>

]boihp`rn& hs rnp`rtnk cy IBW !3588"& bdp`rtnk tan abianst

vhfun ` DHUs r`d Onphf bo 3552 hok tan tabrk abianst

vhfun bo 3585/ [an hmt taht ]boihp`rn bdp`rtnk `ofy 35: li` tansn pr`kumts bo 3552 hok 889 li bo 3585 suiinsts taht

tany wnrn abia vhfun pr`kumts& suma hs nssnotbhf `bfs& taht

mho ntma vnry abia prbmns `o tan botnrohtb`ohf

dhrlnt/ Hmm`rkboi t` tan shdn rnp`rt & Bokbh

bdp`rtnk hppr`xbdhtnfy ;&2>5 hok :&:;3

t`oons ` DHUs bo tan shdn tw` ynhrs/

[rhknrs hrn rnqubrnk t` phy r`yhftbns

t` tan i`vnrodnot `o tan pfhots

tany cuy/ [an Knphrtdnot `

J`rnsts !K`J " !355:" rnp`rtnk

taht tan t`thf r`yhftbns phbk `o

DHUs knmfbonk r`d =5 dbffb`o

Onphfb Supnns !OUS" bo 35535= t`

OUS 8=/> dbffb`o bo 355;5> ![hcfn ;"/

Bo smhf ynhr 355:59& hc`ut OUS

3;/: dbffb`o !^]K 5/=; dbffb`o" `

r`yhftbns wnrn m`ffnmtnk cy tan K`J `o

tan 35 d`st$trhknk DHUs& bomrnhsboi

t` OUS 32/3 dbffb`o !^]K 5/; dbffb`o"

bo 355951 ![rhkn hok Nxp`rt

Ur`d`tb`o Mnotrn 3552"/

=/=/8 [rhkn phttnro

[an dhrlnt hok trhkn mahoonfs `r DHUs `ff`w h inonrhf

phttnro ` m`ffnmtb`o bo tan wbfk< trhknk `o t` vbffhins&

r`hkanhks !tan hrtanst p`bot rnhmank cy h r`hk uoknr

m`ostrumtb`o" `r trhkn mnotrns< hok tano trhknk `o t` fhrinr

mnotrns bo Onphf `r Bokbh/ [an pfhots hrn s`fk tar`uia h f`oidhrlntboi mahoonf& wbta abia trhoshmtb`o m`sts/ HNMJOMMB

!355:" rnp`rtnk taht 98 O[JUs wnrn m`ffnmtnk bo 8= kbstrbmts

` tan Dbk$Ynstnro Knvnf`pdnot Snib`o/ [ansn pr`kumts

bomfuknk c`ta abia hok f`w vhfun spnmbns `rbibohtboi r`d

kbnrnot phrts ` Onphf/ [an ohf knstbohtb`o `r d`st ` tansn

pr`kumts bo mrukn `rd hrn tan Bokbho dhrlnts ` Knfab& Lhopur

hok Fumlo`w& wbta trhkn mahbos sthrtboi r`d rurhf m`ffnmtb`o

t` Bokbho cusbonssdno tar`uia h snrbns dbkkfndno/

Hfta`uia d`st ` tan vhfun$hkknk pr`mnssns bo tan pr`kumtb`o

mahbo `mmur `utsbkn ` Onphf& tan shfn ` DHUs ihtanrnk r`d

tan wbfk ahs trhkbtb`ohffy dhkn ho bdp`rthot m`otrbcutb`o t`

tan fbvnfba``ks ` dhoy pn`pfn bo Onphfs abia Dbk$abffs hok

d`uothbo hrnhs/ @on stuky `uok taht hc`ut 15 pnr mnot `

a`usna`fks bo tan Mahukhcbsh Zhffny& Gudfh& bo tan wnstnro

abia Dbk$abffs wnrn bov`fvnk bo m`ffnmtboi ghthdhosb !h abia$

vhfun dnkbmbohf pfhot" !HNMJOMMB 355:"/ C`x > sa`ws tan

bdp`rthomn ` DHUs t` m`dduobtbns bo uppnr Audfh/ F`mhf

m`ffnmt`rs hok ahrvnstnrs hrn usuhffy tan p``rnr dndcnrs

` m`dduobtbns& suma hs mabfkrno& w`dno& tan nfknrfy hok

pnrs`os r`d kbshkvhothink ir`ups/ [any w`rl snhs`ohffy&

m`ffnmtboi hok ahrvnstboi pfhots& w`rlboi r`d a`dn `r

r`d snhs`ohf mhdps/ [any ahrvnst r`d tan wbfk hok dhy

uoknrthln prnfbdbohry mfnhoboi& kryboi& hok st`rhin cn`rn

snffboi tan pfhots hok pfhot phrts t` f`mhf t rhknrs/ G`sab !3551"rnp`rts taht hc`ut 355&555 pn`pfn knrbvn tanbr bom`dns r`d

tan ahrvnstboi& pr`mnssboi& hok trhkn ` DHUs/

H trhkbtb`ohf dhsl r`d Onphf/ Fncnkboslb Zfhkbsfhv

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89

C`x >/ M`otrbcutb`o `j DHUs

t` a`usna`fk bom`dns bo uppnr

Audfh

Bo 3551& nbiat abia$hftbtukn snttfndnots bo Audfh !O`rta wnst

d`uothbo rnib`o" wnrn usboi hc`ut ;9 O[JUs spnmbns `r``k& dnkbmbon hok `tanr purp`sns/ [any nhronk OUS 1&1>1

!^]K 83=" r`d snffboi DHUs hok OUS 1&95; !^]K 838"

r`d hmtboi hs cr`lnrs ` tansn pfhots/ [abs hmm`uotnk `r

;8 pnr mnot ` tanbr a`usna`fk bom`dns ` hc`ut OUS ;3&298

!^]K >29" !S`y 3585"/

D`rn taho 855 typns ` DHUs hrn ahrvnstnk bo Onphf hok

trhknk t` botnrohtb`ohf dhrlnts/ D`st ` tansn pfhots hrn

nxp`rtnk t` Bokbh bo tanbr rhw `rd wbta `ofy hc`ut 85 pnr

mnot usnk bo dhouhmturboi notnrprbsns bo Onphf/ [rhkn wbta

Bokbh bs dhbofy `r hdhfh& htbs& mabrhbt`& tngpht& iumaab mayhu&ghthdhosb& gayhu& lutlb& pbpfh& rbtah& suihokahwhf& suihokah

l`lbfh hok tbdur !HNMJOMMB 355:"/

[rhknrs wa` `pnrhtn ht tan vbffhin& kbstrbmt mnotrn& r`hkanhk&

hok hbrp`rt$fnvnfs cuy tan ahrvnstnk pfhots bo tanbr rhw `r

sndb$pr`mnssnk `rd hok snff tand `o wbta`ut trhos`rdboi

tan pr`kumt bo hoy why/

[an nxp`rtnrs hrn tan nw nkumhtnk hok pr`nssb`ohf trhknrs

wbta hmmnss t` botnrohtb`ohf dhrlnts& botnrohtb`ohf nxp`surn

t` dhrlnt trnoks hok lo`wfnkin ` nxp`rt hok bdp`rt

rniufhtb`os/ [an nxp`rtnrs t` Bokbh lo`w tan dhrlnts hok

ahvn i``k fbols wbta Bokbho cr`lnrs/ D`st ` tan dndcnrs

` tan ONAAUH hrn k`dnstbm dhouhmturnrs hok dhy hfs`

nxp`rt tanbr pr`kumts/ Dndcnrs ` tan Ghrbcutb Hss`mbhtb`o `

Onphf !GHCHO" hrn d`stfy nxp`rtnrs ` mrukn pfhots t` Bokbh

r`d wnstnro Onphf/ Hfta`uia tan dhrlnt ahs cnno `pnrhtboi

`r h f`oi tbdn& bt bs bdpnrnmt& wbta `ofy h fbdbtnk oudcnr `

wa`fnshfnrs/

=/; Mhsn stuky ` trhknbo ghthdhosb

Ghthdhosb !Ohrk`sthmays irhokb`rh"bs h pnrnoobhf hr`dhtbmpfhot `uok hmr`ss Onphf cntwnno =&555 d hok ;&555 d/ Bt bs

m`ffnmtnk r`d phsturns& m`dduobty `rnsts hok m`dduobty

fhok& hok s`fk t` vbffhin trhknrs/ Bt ahs dhoy trhkbtb`ohf

usns bomfukboi hs bomnosn hok `r trnhtboi anhkhmans hok

w`uoks/ [an `bf nxtrhmtnk r`d tan rabz`dns ahs h abia vhfun

bo pnrudnry hok hs ho hr`dhtbm hkguomt bo tan prnphrhtb`o

` dnkbmbohf `bfs hok m`sdntbm pr`kumts/ Bt bs hfs` usnk

bo m`ddnrmbhf prnphrhtb`os hs h fhxhtbvn& mhrdbohtbvn&

hotbsphsd`kbm& t`obm& stbdufhot& hotbsnptbm hok kburntbm/

[an m`ffnmtnk rabz`dns hrn mfnhonk hok hbr$krbnk/ [an

quhfbty ` tan nssnotbhf `bf bs bojunomnk cy tan dhturbty ` tan

rabz`dns& tanbr prnphrhtb`o hok kurhtb`o ` st`rhin/ Sabz`dnshrn irhknk hok phmlhink `r snffboi/

Jhrdnrs hok `tanr m`ffnmt`rs snff ghthdhosb kbrnmtfy t` f`mhf

trhknrs hok pr`mnss`rs/ Bt whs nstbdhtnk bo 355> taht hc`ut

21 pnr mnot ` ghthdhosb whs s`urmnk r`d m`dduobty

`rnsts& m`dphrnk t` fnss taho 85 pnr mnot h knmhkn hi`

!Knphrtdnot ` J`rnsts& 355>"/ Jbiurn 8 sa`ws tan j`w `

ghthdhosb r`d tan m`ffnmtb`o sthin t` tan lny dhrlnt hmt`rs/

Jbiurn 8/ Zhfun mahbo hok paysbmhf j`w

` ghthdhosb

]`urmn7 BSI 355:

[an nxp`rt ` uopr`mnssnk ghthdhosb r`d Onphf bs kbshff`wnk

!Hoonx ;" cut pr`mnssnk nxtrhmts mho cn nxp`rtnk wbta

pnrdbssb`o r`d tan K`J/ Bt thlns hc`ut 15 li ` rhw

ghthdhosb t` pr`kumn 8 li ` `bf/ [an i`vnrodnot r`yhfty `r

ghthdhosb rabz`dns bs OUS 8> pnr li !^]K 5/3"/

Bo 355;& hc`ut :5 pnr mnot ` hff nssnotbhf `bf whs s`fk t`

Bokbh !BSI& 355:"/ [rhkn bs i`vnronk cy tan cuynrs& wa`

kbmthtn prbmns chsnk d`stfy `o Bokbho dhrlnts hok if`chfprbmns/ M`ffnmt`rs `ofy ahvn tan `ptb`o ` nbtanr m`ffnmtboi `r

F`mhfhokKbstrbmtFnvnf

Snib`ohfhok^rchoFnvnf

OhturhfNovbr`odnot

MJ^Is hok Ohtb`ohf J`rnsts

Ahrvnstnrs M`ffnmt`rs

35> D[

Kbstrbmt Zbffhin

[rhknrs

1> D[

MJ^Is hok

Ohtb`ohf J`rnsts

835 D[

^rcho Nxp`rtnrs `

Ur`mnssnk @bf

8/> D[ `j @bf

Hbrp`rt [rhknrs

1> D[

^rcho Ya`fnshfnr

=; D[ t` Kbstbffnrs8 D[ nxp`rt

^rcho Kbstbffnrs

5/;> D[ `j @bf

NQU@S[

>8 D[ `j Mrukn8/2 D[ `j Nxtrhmtnk `bf

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[hcfn >/ Dhribos& prbmns hok nxpnosns !bo OUS" ` dhg`r hmt`rs bo tan ghthdhosb trhkn

Hmt`r Dhribo

!pnr li"

]nffboi prbmn

!pnr li"

Nxpnosns !pnr li"'

Ahrvnstnrs >5' >5 5

Zbffhin hok kbstrbmt

trhknrs

85 :5 >5& dhkn up ghthdhosb !>5"

Hbrp`rt trhknrs 38 8>5 832& dhkn up ` ghthdhosb !:5"< i`vnrodnot r`yhfty

!8>"< kbstrbmt knvnf`pdnot m`ddbttnn thx !:"< f`mhf p`rtnrtrhosp`rt !:"< ahokfboi hok phmlhiboi !;"< st`rhin ht

kbstrbmt hbrp`rt !9"< `tanr nxpnosns !:"< hbr trhosp`rt t`

Onphfihog !38"< st`rhin ht Onphfihog !;"

^rcho wa`fnshfnrs 3> 355 89>& dhkn up ghthdhosb !8>5"< trhosp`rt m`sts t`

Bokbh bomfukboi m`sts t` int i``ks hmr`ss tan c`rknr !3>"

F`mhf pr`mnss`rs 3= !rnturoli

rhw ghthdhosb

pr`mnssnk"

1&555 !li ` bf"'' :&;39 pnr li `bf& dhkn up ghthdhosb !;&535"''"< KKM f`mhf thx !;53" hok :5 pnr li !^]K 5/:5/1"& knpnokboi `o snhs`ohf

hvhbfhcbfbty ` rhw ghthdhosb/ Urbmns `r ghthdhosb `bf wbff vhry

cntwnno OUS 9&555 hok 85&555 pnr li !^]K 8558=2"/ [an

`bf r`d f`mhf kbstbffhtb`o bs s`fk `r OUS 9&555 t` 85&555 pnr

li !^]K 855 t` 8=2" bo Onphfs urcho hrnhs/

H t`thf ` 35;&:;1 li ` ghthdhosb whs ahrvnstnk bo 355;&

` wabma f`mhf hok ohtb`ohf kbstbffnrs m`osudnk 8>=&1>2 li/

[an rndhboboi hd`uot whs nxp`rtnk t` Bokbh tar`uia bo`rdhf

mahoonfs/

[an vhfun mahbo `r ghthdhosb whs dhppnk bo 355:/ [andhppboi `uok taht tan ahrvnstnrs dhkn tan fhrinst dhribos

` OUS >5 pnr li& wbta f`mhf trhknrs dhlboi tan f`wnst

dhribos ` OUS 85 pnr li ![hcfn >"/

[an mhfmufhtb`os bo [hcfn > k` o`t rnjnmt tan fhc`rb`us

ohturn ` ahrvnstboi ghthdhosb& d`stfy `uok hr r`d audho

snttfndnots/ Bt usuhffy thlns tw` t` vn khys t` ahrvnst h uff

f`hk ` 8>35 li pnr pnrs`o/ D`st m`ffnmt`rs dhln hc`ut vn

t` sbx trbps h snhs`o/ [any snff tan 25 t` 835 li tany m`ffnmt

`r OUS >&555 t` 9&>55 !^]K 9585;" !khth m`ffnmtnk bo 355;"

hok m`ffnmt `tanr anrcs ht tan shdn tbdn/ [an m`ffnmtb`o `

ghthdhosb bs h kbmuft uoknrthlboi/ ]`dntbdns m`ffnmt`rs

nhro fbttfn `r tanbr ahrk w`rl/

Ahokdhkn dufcnrry phpnr

o`tnc``ls hrn p`pufhr nxp`rt

httrhmtb`os/ ohbpuoi

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;/ U`fbmy& fnibsfhtbvn jrhdnw`rlhok supp`rtboibostbtutb`os

;/8 Botnrohtb`ohf trnhtbnshok i`vnrodnot p`fbmy

Onphf bs sbioht`ry t` tan MCK& MB[N] hok [an Ufhot Ur`tnmtb`o

Hirnndnot `r ]`uta Nhst Hsbh hok tan Uhmbm Snib`o/ [an

ohtb`ohf p`fbmbns `r m`osnrvhtb`o& susthbohcfn usn hok trhkn

` cb`kbvnrsbty rns`urmns hrn chsnk `o tansn botnrohtb`ohf

m`ddbtdnots/

[an Onphf Cb`kbvnrsbty ]trhtniy !3553" bs ho `vnrhff p`fbmy

rhdnw`rl `r tan m`osnrvhtb`o hok susthbohcfn usn `

cb`kbvnrsbty bo Onphf/ Bt rnm`iobsns O[JUs hs tan wnhfta ` tan

m`uotry hok abiafbiats m`omnros bo rnfhtb`o t` tanbr m`ffnmtb`o

hok dhrlntboi& tan muftbvhtb`o ` DHUs hok tan knvnf`pdnot

` bokustrbns chsnk up`o O[JUs/ [an 355:3585

bdpfndnothtb`o pfho `r tan strhtniy bomfuknk pr`gnmts `r tan

bostbtutb`ohfbshtb`o ` cb`kbvnrsbty m`osnrvhtb`o hok hir`$

cb`kbvnrsbty m`osnrvhtb`o tar`uia m`dduobty phrtbmbphtb`o/

[an Dbobstry ` J`rnst hok ]`bf M`osnrvhtb`o !D`J]M"prnphrnk h krht Hmmnss t` Inontbm Sns`urmns hok Cnont

]ahrboi U`fbmy bo 3553/ @on `cgnmtbvn whs t` dhohin

trhkbtb`ohf lo`wfnkin bo rnfhtb`o t` m`osnrvhtb`o& utbfbshtb`o&

hok hmmnss t` cnont sahrboi/

Bo hkkbtb`o& tan i`vnrodnot botr`kumnk bts Anrcs hok O[JU

Knvnf`pdnot U`fbmy bo 355; t` m`osnrvn anrcs hok O[JUs s`hs t` m`otrbcutn t` tan ohtb`ohf nm`o`dy/ [abs p`fbmy mhffs `r

nom`urhiboi tan m`ddnrmbhf muftbvhtb`o ` vhfuhcfn anrcs hok

O[JUs< hkkboi vhfun t` anrcs hok O[JUs tar`uia pr`mnssboi ` tan i`vnrodnots murrnot [arnn

Rnhr Ufho !3585 358=" sthtns7 Ur`irhds `r pr`kumtb`o

hok pr`mnssboi ` DHUs wbff cn nom`urhink wbta pucfbm$

m`dduobty$prbvhtn phrtonrsabps& hok& h p`fbmy knvnf`pdnot

`r spnmbhf z`ons `r pr`kumtb`o hok dhohindnot ` DHUs wbff

cn dhkn !OUM& 3585"/

;/3 Fnibsfhtb`o

Bo spbtn ` tan i`vnrodnot p`fbmy t` pr`d`tn trhkn bo

DHUs& tan `mus ahs d`stfy cnno `o m`otr`ffboi trhkn/ [an

Knphrtdnot ` J`rnsts !K`J" ` tan D`J]M bs rnsp`osbcfn

`r rniufhtboi trhkn bo O[JUs& bomfukboi DHUs& cy bssuboi

m`ffnmtb`o pnrdbts hok m`ffnmtboi r`yhftbns/ [an knphrtdnot

`pnrhtns mnotrhf& kbstrbmt hok rhoin$p`st `rnst `mns/

[an J`rnst Hmt !822=" bdp`snk h fbmnosboi systnd `o tanrnd`vhf& shfn& trhosp`rthtb`o hok nxp`rt ` O[JUs hok

pnohfbzns tan bffnihf m`ffnmtb`o ` O[JUs/ [an Hmt hfs`

nsthcfbsank h r`yhfty systnd wbta kbstrbmt `rnst `mns hs

tan m`otr`ffboi huta`rbtbns/

[an J`rnst Sufns !822>" sthtn taht spnmbns o`t fbstnk bo

tan J`rnst Hmt !822=" mhoo`t cn trhknk uofnss shomtb`onk

cy tan I`vnrodnot/ [an i`vnrodnot dhbothbos ho

`mbhf fbst ` pr`tnmtnk spnmbns !Hoonx ;"/ [abs fbst

dhlns bt bffnihf t` m`ffnmt hok trhkn tarnn spnmbm spnmbns

!phomahuofn& whfout chrl hok lutlb"< chos tan nxp`rt

` nbiat spnmbns bo rhw `rd< hok pr`abcbts tan nffboi `

snvno trnn spnmbns `r m`ddnrmbhf purp`sns/ Hff `tanrspnmbns mho cn trhknk/

[an muftbvhtb`o ` spbmns& suma hs outdni& sthr hobsn hok shr`o&

bs fhc`ur botnosbvn/ rhyguol

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[hcfn :/ I`vnrodnot knphrtdnots& trhkn pr`d`tb`o hinombns hok trhkn hss`mbhtb`os supp`rtboi

trhkn bo DHUs

I`vnrodnot Knphrtdnot

Hss`mbhtb`os

Juomtb`o

[an Knphrtdnot ` Ufhot Sns`urmns

` tan Dbobstry ` J`rnst hok ]`bf

M`osnrvhtb`o

Ahs tan dhokhtn t` m`okumt survnys& bknotby hok prnsnrvn anrchrbud

spnmbdnos& m`osnrvn spnmbns hok hssbst wbta smbnotbm rnsnhrma `o tan

pr`mnssboi& pr`kumtb`o hok usn ` pfhot rns`urmns/ Bt m`okumts bts m`osnrvhtb`o

hok nxtnosb`o hmtbvbtbns tar`uia c`thobmhf ihrknos& m`osnrvht`rbns hok oursnrbns/

Bt ahs snvno kbstrbmt pfhot rns`urmn `mns m`vnrboi tan kbnrnot mfbdhtbm

z`ons hok ahs m`osnrvnk 8&>55 spnmbns ` pfhots hok anrcs bo bts c`thobmhf

m`osnrvht`rbns& bomfukboi 855 spnmbns ` DHUs/ [an knphrtdnot ahs i``kp`tnotbhf t` pr`vbkn d`rn supp`rt t` tan ahrvnstboi& muftbvhtb`o hok bovnot`ry `

Onphfs DHUs/

[an Anrcs hok O[JU M``rkbohtb`o

M`ddbttnn !AOMM"& Knphrtdnot `

Ufhot Sns`urmns

Snsp`osbcfn `r `rdufhtboi hok anfpboi bdpfndnot p`fbmbns `r knvnf`pboi O[JUs

hok DHUs hok `r m``rkbohtboi k`o`r supp`rt/ [an m`ddbttnn ahs prb`rbtbsnk =5

abia vhfun m`ddnrmbhf DHUs hok O[JUs `r bo sbtu hok nx$sbtu dhohindnot `r

nm`o`dbm cnont chsnk `o tan fbst bo Hoonx 3/ Bt anfpnk knvnf`p tan Anrcs hok

O[JU Knvnf`pdnot U`fbmy& 355;/ Bt ahs `ofy dhkn fbdbtnk hmabnvndnots `o bts

dhokhtn ` fbolboi m`ffnmt`rs& pr`kumnrs hok trhknrs t` i`vnrodnot supp`rt/ [abs

c`ky sa`ufk pfhy h lny r`fn bo mhrryboi `ut tan duma$onnknk survnyboi ` pfhot

rns`urmn bovnot`rbns/

[an Hir` Notnrprbsn Mnotrn !HNM"` tan Jnknrhtb`o ` Onphfnsn

Mahdcnrs ` M`ddnrmn hok

Bokustry !JOMMB"

Ur`d`tns hir`$cusbonss knvnf`pdnot bo Onphf/ [an mnotrn ahs pfhynk hmrumbhf r`fn bo knvnf`pboi tan trhkn bo O[JUs cy mhrryboi `ut p`fbmy hkv`mhmy

rnfhtnk t` r`yhftbns& pnrdbts& hok f`mhf thxns< cy supp`rtboi tan ruooboi ` trhkn

hbrs< cy pr`d`tboi ]U] hok `tanr trhkn$rnfhtnk bssuns< hok cy m`ffnmtboi hok

kbssndbohtboi dhrlnt bo`rdhtb`o/

Onphf Anrcs hok Anrchf Ur`kumts

Hss`mbhtb`o !ONAAUH"

H pr`nssb`ohf hss`mbhtb`o `r anrc dhouhmturnrs hok nxp`rtnrs bo Onphf/ Bt

pr`vbkns bo`rdhtb`o t` bts dndcnrs hok supp`rts tand cy f`ccyboi `r tanbr

botnrnsts/ @on ` tan i`hfs ` ONAAUH bs t` nsthcfbsa h rns`urmn mnotrn `r tan

trhkboi hok dhrlntboi ` anrcs& wabfst hfs` pr`vbkboi bo`rdhtb`o `o tan tnmaobmhf

hok fnibsfhtbvn hspnmts ` anrchf pr`kumtb`o/

Ghrbcutb Hss`mbhtb`o ` Onphf

!GHCHO"

H pr`nssb`ohf hss`mbhtb`o chsnk bo Onphfihog& h fhrin wnstnro [nrhb t`wo hok

tan `mhf p`bot ` trhkn bo DHUs r`d wnstnro Onphf/ Bt ahs 8&;55 dndcnrs&

hfd`st hff ` wa`d hrn bov`fvnk bo trhkn wbta Bokbh/

Ho `mbhf pnrdbt bs rnqubrnk r`d kbstrbmt `rnst `mns `r

m`ffnmtboi O[JUs r`d ohtb`ohf `rnsts o`t dhohink cy `rnst

usnr ir`ups/ J`rnstry usnr ir`ups bssun pnrdbts `r m`ffnmtb`o

r`d tanbr `rnsts/ Duma bffnihf m`ffnmtboi pnrsbsts& nspnmbhffy

r`d ohtb`ohf `rnsts o`t ahoknk `vnr t` usnr ir`ups/

;/= ]upp`rtboi bostbtutb`os

[hcfn : `utfbons tan i`vnrodnot hok trhkn pr`d`tb`o hinombns

hok trhkn hss`mbhtb`os supp`rtboi tan knvnf`pdnot ` trhkn

bo DHUs bo Onphf/ ]nmtb`o =/> ` IBW !3588" fbsts `tanr

`rihobshtb`os bov`fvnk bo supp`rtboi hok rniufhtboi tan trhkn

wabfst Hoonx > ` tabs rnp`rt fbsts tan i`vnrodnot hok o`o$

i`vnrodnot hinombns rnsp`osbcfn `r i`vnroboi hok pr`d`tboi

tan trhkn/ H Dufcnrry phpnr o`tnc``l/ ohbpuoi

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>/ U`tnotbhf `j trhknbo DHUs

[anrn bs h ir`wboi kndhok bo tan Ynstnro w`rfk hok hd`oist

Hsbhs dbkkfn mfhss `r ohturhf hok `rihobm pr`kumts& bomfukboi

pr`kumts dhkn r`d DHUs/ Ibvno tan ir`wboi kndhok&

O[JUs usnk `r sucsbstnomn purp`sns hok sdhff$smhfn trhkboi

hrn o`w bomrnhsboify s`uiat htnr cy dhouhmturnrs hok

nxtnrohf trhknrs/ M`osmb`us m`osudnrs hrn hfs` kndhokboi

hssurhomns ` novbr`odnothf susthbohcbfbty hok s`mb`nm`o`dbmhbronss bo tan vhfun mahbos ` tansn pr`kumts/

Ynff dhohink trhkn bo DHUs ahs h p`tnotbhffy fhrin nm`o`dbm

hok s`mbhf bdphmt bo Onphf hok m`ufk pfhy h r`fn bo rnkumboi

p`vnrty bo Onphfs rurhf hrnhs wabfn bdpr`vboi cb`kbvnrsbty

hok tan novbr`odnot !@fsno hok Fhrsno& 355="/ Nvno wbta tan

murrnot uoknvnf`pnk trhkn& O[JUs m`otrbcutn t` hc`ut ahf `

a`usna`fk bom`dns bo s`dn ` Onphfs rurhf abff hok d`uothbo

hrnhs/

[an p`tnotbhf ` DHUs whs rnm`iobsnk cy tan I`vnrodnot

` Onphfs bo tan Onphf [rhkn Botnirhtb`o ]trhtniy !D`M]&

3585"& wabma bknotbnk dnkbmbohf anrcs hok nssnotbhf `bfs

hs ahvboi h dnkbud nxp`rt p`tnotbhf hok h abia p`tnotbhf

`r p`sbtbvn s`mb`nm`o`dbm bdphmt/ @tanr Cb`[rhkn pr`kumts

hd`oist tan 82 bknotbnk bomfukn ahokdhkn phpnr& phsadboh

pr`kumts& a`ony& mhrkhd`d hok t`urbsd ![hcfn 9"/

>/8 [an bdp`rthomn ` pr`mnssboibo tan vhfun mahbo

D`st ` Onphfs DHUs hrn nxp`rtnk bo h rhw sthtn wbta fbdbtnk

pr`mnssboi/ D`st pfhots hrn s`fk t` Bokbh& wbta fhrin m`dphobns

hok pahrdhmnutbmhf ibhots cuyboi tan fhrinfy uopr`mnssnk

pr`kumts r`d Bokbho hok Onphfb dbkkfndno/ [an rnsuft bs taht

m`ffnmt`rs hok pr`kumnrs rnmnbvn f`w prbmns/ D`rn pr`mnssboi

hok tan pr`kumtb`o ` obsank pr`kumts bo Onphf w`ufk irnhtfy

bomrnhsn tan vhfun ` tan pfhots t` tan ohtb`ohf nm`o`dy/ Ho

nxhdpfn ` tabs bs tan mhsn ` ghthdhosb !snn ]nmtb`o =/;"/

Bo 355:& f`mhf pn`pfn rnmnbvnk OUS >5 !^]K 5/9" pnr li `r

uopr`mnssnk ghthdhosb pfhots wabfst ghthdhosb `bf s`fk `r OUS

1&555 t` 2&555 !^]K 888$83>" pnr li !U`lahrnf nt hf/& 355:"/

[hcfn 9/ Nxp`rt p`tnotbhf hok p`tnotbhf s`mb`nm`o`dbm bdphmt tan 82 d`st$pr`dbsboi i``ks

hok snrvbmns `r nxp`rt r`d Onphf

Nxp`rt p`tnotbhf

F`w Dnkbud Abia

Ahokdhkn phpnr [nh

Y``ffno pr`kumts

Dnkbmbohf anrcs

* nssnotbhf `bfs

[`urbsd

Fhc`ur snrvbmnsAbia

U`tno

tbhfs`mb`$nm`o`dbmbdphmt

Iboinr

Uhsadboh pr`kumts

A`ony

]bfvnr gnwnffnry

B[ * cusbonss pr`mnss

`uts`urmboi

Aykr`$nfnmtrbmbty

Mhrkhd`d

Br`o * stnnf

FnotbfsDnkbud

Nkumhtb`o snrvbmns

Anhfta snrvbmns

Noibonnrboi snrvbmns Bosthot o``kfnsF`w

]`urmn7 OKU Onphf !3588"

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>/3 Cb`kbvnrsbty m`osnrvhtb`o

[an muftbvhtb`o ` DHUs `o m`dduobty hok prbvhtn fhok bs `on

` tan cnst whys ` m`osnrvboi cb`kbvnrsbty hok inonrhtboi

bom`dn/ Ho bomrnhsboi v`fudn hok oudcnr ` spnmbns hrn

cnboi muftbvhtnk bo Onphf/ [an nxtnosb`o ` tabs trnok bot` tan

muftbvhtb`o ` abia vhfun dnkbmbohf pfhots wbff anfp m`osnrvn

ohturhffy `mmurrboi p`pufhtb`os/ Ht f`wnr hftbtukns& hrdnrs

mho muftbvhtn dhoy typns ` DHUs `o hff`w mr`ppboi wabfst

tan rnpfhotboi ` knpfntnk ohturhf p`pufhtb`os nom`urhins

f`mhf m`dduobtbns t` m`osnrvn tan novbr`odnot wabfn

inonrhtboi nm`o`dbm cnonts/ Htbs& lnsahr hok mabrhbt`

ahvn cnno botr`kumnk bot` m`dduobty `rnsts hok mho hfs`

cn ir`wo hf`oisbkn hirbmufturhf mr`ps/ ]hr`o ahs cnno

summnsuffy ir`wo uoknr hppfn trnns/ @on stuky bo Gudfh bo

wnstnro Onphf !Cahokhrb nt hf/& 355:" `uok shr`o muftbvhtb`o

t` cn d`rn pr`thcfn taho htbs& mabrhbt` hok hirbmufturhf mr`ps/

>/= M`st$cnonjt hohfysbs `muftbvhtb`o@ofy fbdbtnk bo`rdhtb`o bs hvhbfhcfn `o tan nm`o`dbms `

muftbvhtboi DHUs bo Onphf/ U`uknf !3559" m`okumtnk h stuky

` tan cnont t` m`st rhtb` ` muftbvhtboi vhrb`us DHUs spnmbns

`o h pnr anmthrn chsbs/ [an stuky `uok taht& `r bosthomn&

lurbf` nhronk h sm`rn =/5& mabrhbt` 3/8: hok tbdur 8/>& wanrn

vhfuns irnhtnr taho 8 bokbmhtn pr`t dhribos/ [an shdn stuky

`uok taht htnr tarnn ynhrs ` muftbvhtb`o& mabrhbt` ybnfknk

h ont hoouhf pr`t ` d`rn taho OUS =55&555 pnr anmthrn

!^]K ;&8:9"/ A`wnvnr& tabs stuky kbk o`t bom`rp`rhtn fhc`ur

m`sts cny`ok bobtbhf fhok prnphrhtb`o/ Bom`rp`rhtboi tabs

vhrbhcfn w`ufk stbff ibvn h cnont t` m`st rhtb` ` hc`vn 8/5&

bokbmhtboi h i``k rnturo `o bovnstdnot/

Ho`tanr mhfmufhtb`o !chsnk `o HNMJOMMB 355: khth" `uok

tan m`st cnont rhtb` `r snvno m`dd`ofy trhknk DHUs t`

rhoin r`d 2/1; t` 8/8;/ ![hcfn 1"/

@ Onphfs auokrnks ` DHUs& `ofy h nw ahvn cnno pr`d`tnk

cy tan I`vnrodnot hok muftbvhtnk cy m`dduobty `rnst usnr

ir`ups/ Bo 355:& =; spnmbns !hfd`st hff DHUs" wnrn bknotbnk

hs ahvboi h i``k p`tnotbhf `r m`ddnrmbhf muftbvhtb`o hok

dhrlnt pr`d`tb`o !snn Hoonx 3"/ [hcfn 2 sa`ws 83 spnmbns

wabma wnrn bknotbnk hs tan p`tnotbhffy d`st rnduonrhtbvn

spnmbns `r prbvhtn snmt`r bovnst`rs7

[hcfn 2/ U`tnotbhffy d`st rnduonrhtbvn spnmbns

`r prbvhtn snmt`r bovnst`rs

Snib`o ]pnmbns !f`mhf ohdns"

[nrhb hok ]bwhfbl Abffs Hdhfh& mahd`dbfn& pbphfh&

dnotan

Dbk$abffs [bdur& tngpht& mabrhbt`& rbtah

D`uothbos ]uihokahwhf& phkhdmahf&

ghthdhosb hok cbsghrh

>/; [an Bokbho m`oonmtb`o

Bo 355>& bt whs nstbdhtnk taht Bokbho dhouhmturnrs ahk ho

uodnt suppfy ihp ` hc`ut 8>3&555 dntrbm t`oons ` DHUs&

rnprnsnotboi h tarnn$`fk ir`wta bo tabs kndhok cntwnno

8222 hok 355> `r 8> pnr mnot pnr ynhr/ [an Bokbho dhrlnt

pr`dbsns duma p`tnotbhf< nvno ta`uia Onphf nxp`rts 25 pnr

mnot ` bts dnkbmbohf pfhots t` Bokbh& suppfbns r`d Onphf `ofy

hmm`uot `r h sdhff phrt ` tan kndhok ![hcfn 85"/

[hcfn 1/ M`st$cnont hohfysbs ` snvno DHUs `o h pnr anmthrn chsbs

O[JUs Mr`p mymfn

pnrb`k

Boputpr`kumtb`o

m`sts !OUS"

Snvnoun

!OUS"

Cnonjt t`

m`st rhtb`

]hthwhrblurbf`' 3 ynhrs =;&:55 =;5&;55 8 2/1;

[ngpht ; ynhrs !pnrnoobhf" ;=&355 88;&955 3/::

Sbtah ; ynhrs !pnrnoobhf" =1&855 18&255 3/8>

Hdhfh ; ynhrs !pnrnoobhf" ;8&=55 :>&>55 8/>2

Mahd`dbffh dhtrbmhrbh snhs`ohf mr`p 8>&895 35&1=5 8/=9

Fnd`o irhss ; ynhrs >9&>>5 :1&>55 8/82

Dntah hrvnosbs snhs`ohf mr`p 3=&;55 3:&:55 8/8;

]`urmn7 HNMJOMMB 355: !m`st$cnont rhtb` iurns hkknk"

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3=

[hcfn 85/ Hoouhf nxp`rts r`d Onphf hok suppfy ihps bo Bokbh `r vn dnkbmbohf pfhots

]mbnotbjm ohdn Hvnrhin hoouhf

suppfy r`d Onphf

t` Bokbh !D["

^odnt kndhok bo

Bokbh !D["

Unrmnothin `

suppfy ihp

]wnrtbh mabrhbth 3> ;19 2>/8.

Shuw`fjh snrpnotbon 85 3;1 2:/5.

Hm`obtud antnr`payffud ; 3>> 21/;.

Hsphrhius rhmnd`sus >: 1&;83 22/=.

Ubpnr f`oiud ; =&=31 22/2.

]`urmn7 HO]HC hok BKSM& 355;

>/> [rhkn hok trhkbtb`ohf

lo`wfnkin prnsnrvhtb`oDhoy pn`pfn bo Onphf)s rurhf hrnhs lo`w ` pfhot$chsnk

murns/ Chbkayhs& hdmabs hok `tanr trhkbtb`ohf anhfnrs usn

pfhots t` trnht tanbr phtbnots/ [an nxtnosb`o ` tan dhrlnt `r

DHUs hok tanbr pr`kumts wbff anfp prnsnrvn tabs lo`wfnkin/

[an m`ddnrmbhf usn ` dnkbmbohf pfhots wbff anfp prnvnot tan

f`ss ` inonrhtb`os ` lo`wfnkin ` dnkbmbohf pfhots/

[rhkn ` nssnotbhf `bfs !hc`vn"< hok anrcs hok anrchf thcfnts !rbiat" ahvn p`tnotbhf `r h p`sbtbvn s`mb`nm`o`dbm bdphmt/ phuf prnsm`tt

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3;

:/ Mahffnoins t` knvnf`pboitrhkn bo DHUs

[an lny mahffnoins aboknrboi tan knvnf`pdnot Onphfs trhkn

bo DHUs hrn7 `vnr$ahrvnstboi ` pfhot rns`urmns& bo`rdhtb`o

ihps& fhml ` vhfun$hkknk hmtbvbty& hok thrb hok o`o$thrb

chrrbnrs& hd`oist `tanr dhrlnt mahffnoins/ @vnrm`dboi tansn

m`ostrhbots wbff hmbfbthtn tan rnhfbshtb`o ` tan fhrin p`tnotbhf

` DHUs trhkn& hs knthbfnk bo tan nhrfbnr mahptnr/

:/8 @vnr$ahrvnstboi

:/8/8 @vnr$nxpf`bthtb`o ` rns`urmns

Knspbtn tan hcsnomn ` systndhtbm rnsnhrma `o DHUs

p`pufhtb`os bo Onphf& bt bs wnff lo`wo taht tanbr p`pufhtb`os

bo tan wbfk hrn cnboi anhvbfy knpfntnk/ [an bdphmt ` tan

knpfntb`o hok `vnr$nxpf bthtb`o botnosbns wbta hmt`rs suma

hs7 fbdbtnk muftbvhtb`o `r rninonrhtb`o< h ir`wboi k`dnstbm

hok botnrohtb`ohf kndhok< kndhok utstrbppboi suppfy"/8

:/> [hrb hok o`o$thrb chrrbnrs

Onphfs trhkn bo DHUs hmns thrb hok o`o$thrb chrrbnrs r`dBokbh hok botnrohtb`ohf dhrlnts/ [hrbs d`stfy hnmt trhkn t`

Bokbh wabfst o`o$thrb chrrbnrs hnmt tan d`rn abia$vhfun hok

pr`thcfn trhkn t` Ynstnro m`uotrbns/

:/>/8 [hrb chrrbnrs

Onphfb dnkbmbohf pfhots hmn abia thrbs !must`d kutbns" bo

Bokbh hok Choifhknsa& hok f`w `r o` thrbs bo tan dhrlnts

` tan Nur`pnho ^ob`o& Mhohkh& Hustrhfbh& hok tan ^obtnk

]thtns/ [hrbs aboknr tan knvnf`pdnot ` Cb`[rhkn bo rnfhtb`o

t` pr`kumt bknotbmhtb`o hok dhxbdbzboi cnonts cy vhfunhkkbtb`o/ Nxp`rt thrb s bdp`sn abianr rhtns wbta bomrnhsboi

]boiboi c`wfs hrn usnk bo Cukkabst dnkbthtb`o prhmtbmns& c`ta bo [bcnt hok Onphf/ Iubffnrd` Ihrmbh

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39

fnvnfs ` pr`mnssboi !n/i/ > pnr mnot `r rhw i``ks& 8> pnr

mnot `r sndb$obsank& hok 3> pnr mnot `r obsank i``ks

]HY[NN3585"/ [abs rnkumns bomnotbvns `r pr`mnssboi

hok vhfun hkkbtb`o hok bs phrt ` tan rnhs`o way DHUs hrn

nxp`rtnk t` Bokbh bo h rhw sthtn/ M`osnqunotfy& f`w rnturos

hrn rnmnbvnk cy hff hmt`rs r`d ahrvnstnrs& t` trhknrs& t`

wa`fnshfnrs& t` rnthbfnrs& rbiat k`wo t` tan nxp`rtnrs/ Abianr

thrbs fnvbnk nom`urhin sduiifboi hok ahvn ho hkvnrsn

bdphmt `o tan fnihf trhkn t` Bokbh/

:/>/3 O`o$thrb chrrbnrs

O`o$thrb chrrbnrs t` trhkn ahvn cnm`dn d`rn pr`dbonot&

hs thrbs ahvn cnno rnkumnk t` f`w fnvnfs bo dhoy m`uotrbns

tar`uia tan Y`rfk [rhkn @rihobzhtb`o !Y[@"/ [an nxp`rt `

DHUs hok knrbvnk pr`kumts r`d Onphf hmn sucsthotbhf o`o$

thrb chrrbnrs bomfukboi tan strboinot ``k shnty hok `tanr

rnqubrndnots dhoy bdp`rtboi m`uotrbns/ Knd`ostrhtboi

m`dpfbhomn wbta tansn sthokhrks ahs cnm`dn d`rn

m`dpfbmhtnk cnmhusn ` h sabt r`d pr`kumt sthokhrks

fhrinfy no`rmnk tar`uia tnstboi ht tan c`rknrs ` nxp`rtboi

hok bdp`rtboi m`uotrbns t` pr`mnss sthokhrks !tan why

pr`kumts hrn ir`wo& ahrvnstnk& pr`mnssnk& hok trhosp`rtnk"/

[an typn ` bdp`rt rniufhtb`os hok quhfbty sthokhrks put bo

pfhmn bo Nur`pnho m`uotrbns hrn vnry ahrk t` dnnt `r Onphfb

pr`kumts& ibvno tan fhml ` trhkn borhstrumturn hok tnmaobmhf

snrvbmns !suma hs h fhc`rht`ry hok mnrtbmhtb`o hmbfbtbns"/ Hs h

rnsuft& Onphfb trhknrs hrn `rmnk t` nxp`rt uopr`mnssnk pfhots/

^osystndhtbm hok uo$sthokhrkbznk ahrvnstboi hok pr`mnssboi9;818= !hmmnssnk 33 Dhrma 3583"

Cahokhrb& O< Sbghf& C< Cukatahph& C< Dhaht& G8 !822>"< `mbhf

trhosfhtb`o hvhbfhcfn ht7 www/`rnstryonphf/`ribdhinsJ`rnstPHmtP`POnphfP822=/pk/

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=8

Hoonxns

Hoonx 87 Ufhot$chsnk O[JUs hok tanbr pr`kumts bo Onphf !]ucnkb 355:"

Ur`kumt Nxhdpfns ` pfhot spnmbns usnk

H/ Shw pfhot pr`kumts

Dnkbmbohf hok hr`dhtbm pfhots Lutlb& mabrhbt`& f`uta shff`& yhrmahiudch& phomahuofn&

phlahovnk& ahrr`& chrr`& hdhfh& onnd& sbfhgbt

]pbmns hok jhv`urs Mboohd`o& tbdur& hdhfh& guobpnr& fhrin mhrkhd`d

Ybfk dusar``ds hok anhfta ``ks D`rnfs& lurbf`

Kyns hok thos Uhkhdmahf& mautr`& dhgbta`& f`utashff`& choga& taboirn

shff`& `lahr

Ufhot crns F`lth& hff`& hrinfb& andp& cabdhf& lntuln

Iuds hok rnsbos Mabr pbon& cfun pbon& shf

Ahokbmrhts !fnhvns& w``ks& stbmls" ]hf& pbphf& ca`rfh& rrn& chdc``& obihf`& rhttho

C/ Ur`kumts htnr vhfun$hkknk pr`mnssboi

F`lth ahokdhkn phpnr F`lth

Hrinfb wabtnslbo Hrinfb

@tanr pfhot crns !tarnhks& r`pns& hcrbm" Hff`& andp& cabdhf& ca`rfh& hrinfb& shchb irhss& lntuln

Jhts hok `bfs Maburb

Nssnotbhf `bfs hok nxtrhmts Ghthdhosb& suihokahwhf& tbtnphtb& suophtb& guobpnr&

wbotnrirnno& suihokahl`lbfh& hcbns& kn`khr& fhuta shffh

M/ Jbobsank pr`kumts

Hyurvnkbm prnphrhtb`os !dnkbmbons& t`obm& outrbnot

suppfndnots"

Lutlb& mabrhbt`& fhuta shff`& yhrmahiudch& phomahuofn&

phlahovnk& ahrr`& chrr`& hdhfh& onnd& sbfhgbt

[rhkbtb`ohf dnkbmbons Lutlb& mabrhbt`& f`uta shff`& yhrmahiudch& phomahuofn&

phlahovnk& ahrr`& chrr`& hdhfh& onnd& sbfhgbt

Ahokdhkn phpnr pr`kumts F`lth& hrinfb

Ybfk crn mf`ta Hff`& andp

Bomnosn Ghthdhosb& guobpnr& suophtb& dhauwh

Anrchf tnhs [aydn& iurg`& ihokahbo`& tufsb& dbot& mboohd`o

Anrchf krbols& gubmns Cnf& ra`k`knokr`o& snhcumlta`ro

Cr``ds !hdrbs`& shchb irhss" Hdrbs`& shchb irhss

Chdc`` hok rhttho pr`kumts Chdc``& obihf`& rhttho

Y``k ahokbmrhts !pauru" Jbrrn

Fnh pr`kumts !shf fnh pfhtns& ahokbmrhts" ]hf& pbphf& ca`rfh

Nkbcfn hts hok `bfs Kahtnf`& maburb& lahdu& whfout

S`sbo& turpnotbon hok iuds Mabr pbon& cfun pbon& shf

Unrs`ohf mhrn pr`kumts !s`hps& sahdp``& mrnhds" Uhoihr& maburb& rbtah& hdhfh& sblhlhb& ohru

ftp://ftp.fao.org/TC/TCA/NMTPF/Country%20NMTPF/Nepal/StudyLandNEP.pdfhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-15741813http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/asia-oceania/nepal?profile=economyhttp://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2011/06/24/Nation/18321http://www.worldbank.org.np/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/NEPALEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22580832~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:223555,00.htmlhttp://www.unep-unctad.org/cbtf/events/nepal2/Capacitiy%20Building%20for%20Biotrade%20101001.pdfhttp://www.forestrynepal.org/images/Forest_Act_of_Nepal_1993.pdfhttp://www.forestrynepal.org/images/Forest_Act_of_Nepal_1993.pdfhttp://www.worldbank.org.np/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/NEPALEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22580832~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:223555,00.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org.np/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/NEPALEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22580832~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:223555,00.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org.np/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/NEPALEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22580832~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:223555,00.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org.np/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/NEPALEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22580832~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:223555,00.htmlhttp://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/asia-oceania/nepal?profile=economyhttp://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/asia-oceania/nepal?profile=economyhttp://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/asia-oceania/nepal?profile=economyhttp://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2011/06/24/Nation/18321http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2011/06/24/Nation/18321http://www.unep-unctad.org/cbtf/events/nepal2/Capacitiy%20Building%20for%20Biotrade%20101001.pdfhttp://www.unep-unctad.org/cbtf/events/nepal2/Capacitiy%20Building%20for%20Biotrade%20101001.pdfhttp://www.unep-unctad.org/cbtf/events/nepal2/Capacitiy%20Building%20for%20Biotrade%20101001.pdfhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-15741813http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-15741813ftp://ftp.fao.org/TC/TCA/NMTPF/Country%20NMTPF/Nepal/StudyLandNEP.pdfftp://ftp.fao.org/TC/TCA/NMTPF/Country%20NMTPF/Nepal/StudyLandNEP.pdf

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=3

Hoonx 37 Urb`rbty spnmbns `r trhkn bo DHUs !HNMJOMMB 355:"

]pnmbns ]pnmbns

8 Uayffhotaus ndcfbmh!hdhfh" 81 Ohrk`sthmays irhokbf`rh!ghthdhosb"

3 Whota`xyfud hrdhtud!tbdur" 82 [hintns dbouth!shyhphtrb"

= Mboohd`dud thdhfh!tngpht" 35 Cnrinobh mbfbhth!phlahocnk"

; Mahdd`dbfh dhtrbmhrbh!mahd`dbfn" 38 Ihuftanrbh rhirhotbssbdh!kahsboirn"

> Ubpnr f`oiud!pbpfh" 33 Shuv`fbh snrpnotboh!shrphihokah"

: Dnotah hrvnosbs!dnotah" 3= Kb`sm`rnh knft`bknh!cayhlur"

9 ]wnrtbh mabrhybth!mabrhbt`" 3; Sucbh dhgbta!dhgbta`"

1 Hnifn dhrdnf`s!cnf" 3> [bo`sp`rh sbonosbs!iurg`"

2 ]hpbokus dul`r`ssb!rbtah" 3: Hm`obtud spbmhtud!cbsghrh"

85 Mydc`p`i`o fnxu`sus!fnd`o irhss" 39 D`rmanffh m`obmh!iummab mayhu"

88 Mboohd`dud ifhumnsmnos!suihokah l`lbfh" 31 Guifhos rnibh!`lahr"

83 Hzhkbrhmath bokbmh!onnd" 32 Hm`obtud antnr payffud!htbs"

8= Hsphrhius rhmnd`sus!lurbf`" =5 On`pbmr`rabzh smr`paufhrbbf`rh!lutlb"

8; [hxus chmmhth!fhuta shffh" =8 M`rkymnps sbonosbs!yhrmahiudch"

8> Zhfnrbhoh Ghthdhosb!suihokahwhf" =3 Khmtyf`rabzh ahthibrnh!phomahuofn"

8: Sanud hustrhfn!phkhdmahf" == Uhrdnffbh spnmbns!gayhu"

89 Hm`rus mhfhdus!c`ga`" =; U`k`payffud anxhokrud!fhiauphtrh"

O`tn7 ]nn [hcfn 3 `r prb`rbty spnmbns cy Onphfs tarnn dhbo t`p`irhpabm z`ons/

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==

Hoonx =7 Dhg`r Lhtadhoku$rnibstnrnk pr`mnssboi mnotrns `r DHUs !HNMJOMMB 355:"

Ur`mnssboi mnotrn O`/ dnkbmbohf hok hr`dhtbm spnmbns usnk

8/ Hftnrohtbvn Anrchf Ur`kumts Uvt/ Ftk :

3/ ]boia Kurchr Chbkayhlahoh Cblhs ]hdbtb 8:;

=/ Khcur Onphf Uvt/ Ftk 83

;/ I`rlah Hyurvnk M`dphoy 1:

>/ Ohturhf Sns`urmns Bokustry 81

:/ Dhfn Botnrohtb`ohf Uvt/ Ftk 35

9/ Nvnrnst Anrcs Ur`mnssboi Uvt/ Ftk 38

1/ M`sd`s Anrchf pr`kumts Uvt/ Ftk 85

2/ [rhkbtb`ohf Abdhfhyho Anrcs 812

85/ ]urb Anrchf Ur kumts Bokustry 8=;

88/ Lrbsaoh Husahkahfhyh 838

83/ Ubyuschrsab Husahkahfhyh 93

8=/ ]bkkahrtah Anrchf Bokustry 9

8;/ Luono tanr [bcntho Husahkahfhyh =5

8>/ Hhr`iyh Cahwho Y`rls 8=9

@tanr murrnot pr`mnssboi cusbonssns o`t `o tan hc`vn fbst bomfukn Ybfk Nhrta Uvt Ftk

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=;

Hoonx ;7 Ufhots `o I`vnrodnot ` Onphfs pr`tnmtnk spnmbns fbst

]O ]mbnotbjm ohdn Onphfb ohdn Noifbsa ohdn ^sn

8/ Ufhots choonk `r m`ffnmtb`o& usn& shfn& kbstrbcutb`o& trhosp`rthtb`o hok nxp`rt

8/ Khmtyf`rabzh ahthibrnh phomahuofn `rmabk dnkbmbon hok t`obm

3/ Guifhos rnibh `lahr chrl whfout kyn

=/ On`pbmr`rabzh smr`paufhrbb`rh lutlb inotbho dnkbmbon

3/ Ufhots choonk `r nxp`rt `utsbkn tan m`uotry bo uopr`mnssnk `rd

;/ Ohrk`sthmays irhokb`rh ghthdhosb spblnohrk dnkbmbon hok bomnosn

>/ Shuv`fjh snrpnotboh shrphihokah snrpnotbon dnkbmbon

:/ Mboohd`dud ifhumnsmnos suihokahl`lbfh Onphfb shsshrhs hr`dhtbm

9/ Zhfnrbhoh Ghthdhosb suihokawhf vhfnrbho dnkbmbon hok bomnosn

1/ Uhrdnfbh spp/ gayhu fbmano dnkbmbon

2/ Hcbns spnmthcbfbs thfbs phtrh r bomnosn

85/ [hxus chmhth fhuta shffh Abdhfhyho ynw dnkbmbon

88/ S`ml nxukhtns sbfhgnnt r`ml nxukhtn dnkbmbon

=/ Ufhots choonk `r trhosp`rthtb`o& nxp`rt hok nffboi `r m`ddnrmbhf purp`sn

83/ Dbmanfbh mahdphmh mahop dhio`fbh tbdcnr

8=/ Hmhmbh mhtnmau lahyhr mutma trnn dnkbmbon

8;/ ]a`rnh r`custh shf m`dd`o shf tbdcnr

8>/ C`dchx mnbch sbdhf sbfl m`tt`o trnn tbdcnr

8:/ Khfcnribh fhtb`fbh shtbshf r`snw``k tbdcnr

89/ Utnr`mhrpus dhrsupbud cbghyh shf Bokbho lno` trnn tbdcnr

81/ Guifhos rnibh `lahr whfout tbdcnr

]`urmn7 HNMJOMMB& 355:

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=>

Hoonx >7 @rihobzhtb`os i`vnroboi hok supp`rtboi trhkn bo O[JUs& bomfukboi DHUs& bo Onphf

Hmtbvbty Snsp`osbcfn `rihobzhtb`o

8/ M`dphoy nsthcfbsadnot Knphrtdnot M`tthin hok ]dhff Bokustrbns !uoknr tan

Dbobstry ` Bokustry& M`ddnrmn hok ]uppfbns"

3/ Bssuboi fbmnomns hok m ffnmtb`o pnrdbts Kbstrbmt `rnst mns hok m`dduobty `rnst usnr ir`ups

=/ M`ffnmtboi r`yhftbns Kbstrbmt `rnst mns !KJ@" hok m`dduobty `rnst usnr

ir`ups

;/ Manmlboi hok vnrbmhtb`o ahrvnstnk pfhots KJ@ rhoin p`sts hok manml p`sts

>/ Snfnhsn rknr Kbstrbmt `rnst mns

:/ ]nttboi hok m`ffnmtboi f`mhf thxns Kbstrbmt knvnf`pdnot m`ddbttnns !KKMs"

9/ Ur`kumt vnrbmhtb`o hok nxp rt pnrdbssb`o Knphrtdnot Ufhot Sns`urmns

1/ Bdp`rt hok nxp`rt !manmlboi k`mudnothtb`o" Must`ds mns

2/ Dhrlnt bo`rdhtb`o [rhkn hok Nxp`rt Ur`d`tb`o Mnotrn ![NUM"& JOMMB&

OI@s& BOI@s&

85/ Knvnf`pdnot ohomboi Hsbho Knvnf`pdnot Chol& m`ddnrmbhf chols& [an Y`rfk

Chol

88/ Ur`mnssboi Anrcs Ur`kumtb`o hok Ur`mnssboi M`dphoy Fbdbtnk&

I`rlah Hyurvnk& Khcur Onphf& `tanr prbvhtn m`dphobns&

!snn Hoonx =" hok OI@s

Knphrtdnot ` Bokustrbns& Knphrtdnot ` M`tthin hok

]dhff Bokustrbns

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`tanr `rnst usnr ir`ups& ]KM& ^OKU& ^ONU& BMBD@K&

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hyurvnkbm a`spbthf hok `tanr OI@s hok BOI@s

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38/38

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www/uonp/`ri

^obtnk Ohtb`os Novbr`odnot Ur`irhddn

U/@/ C`x =5>>3 Ohbr`cb& Lnoyh

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Bo tan p``r& rurhf Jhr$Ynstnro hok Dbk$Ynstnro

rnib`os ` Onphf ir`ws tan snmrnt rns`urmn taht mho

sbiobjmhotfy m`otrbcutn t` Onphfs pr`spnrbty hok

ndpf`ydnot/

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kbvnrsbty& Onphf mho hvhbf ` tan cnonjts ` Cb`[rhkn&

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rnm`iobznk cy tan I`vnrodnot ` Onphf bo tan Onphf

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hok ]uppfbns& 3585"& tan nxp`rt ` abia$vhfun

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` nxp`rts/

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tan ahrvnstboi hok trhkn ` abia$vhfun DHUs bs

fhrinfy uorniufhtnk& fnhkboi t` prhmtbmns taht

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` m`dduobtbns/ Jurtanrd`rn& wbta tan fhml

` bo`rdhtb`o ` dhrlnt kndhok hok prbmns&

m`ffnmt`rs ` DHUs rnmnbvn duma fnss taho tanbr

hbr sahrn ` tan vhfun ` tanbr pr`kumts/ Uucfbm hokprbvhtn bovnstdnots hok p`fbmy rn`rds kbrnmtnk ht

bdpr`vboi tan mhphmbty ` pr`kumtb`o& susthbohcfn

usn hok trhkn ` cb`kbvnrsbty$chsnk pr`kumts mho

mhthfyzn nm`o`dbm ir`wta bo rurhf hrnhs ` Onphf/

[abs stuky bs phrt ` tan Mhphmbty Cubfkboi `r

Cb`[rhkn !MCC[" pr`gnmt bdpfndnotnk cy ^ONU& wbta

johombhf supp`rt r`d IBW& bo tarnn m`uotrbns7 Onphf&

Unru hok Ohdbcbh/ [an Onphf stuky& mhrrbnk `ut cy

tan Botnrohtb`ohf Mnotrn `r Botnirhtnk D`uothbo

K f t !BMBD@K" bta ta t ^ONU

http://applications/Adobe%20InDesign%20CS5/Adobe%20InDesign%20CS5.app/Contents/MacOS/GreenEconomy_Peru.pdfmailto:uneppub%40unep.org?subject=http://www.unep.org/http://www.unep.org/mailto:uneppub%40unep.org?subject=http://applications/Adobe%20InDesign%20CS5/Adobe%20InDesign%20CS5.app/Contents/MacOS/GreenEconomy_Peru.pdf